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一、国内外发展概况畜禽粪便是个宝,早为人所知晓,处理动物粪便的传统做法是将粪便撤在地里,因为粪肥的肥效极高。自从1922年,Mclu-llum’s提出了以动物粪便为饲料营养成分的观点以来,各国学者对畜禽粪便再生饲料的研究引起了极大兴趣,饲养学家们认为畜禽粪便中所含的氮素、矿物质等足能作为取代配合饲料中某些营养成分的物质,认为是一种宝贵的饲料资源。但是在1967年美国曾限制使用畜禽粪便饲料,使粪便饲料化的发展受到了一定的限制,本世纪七十年代以 相似文献
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畜禽粪便污染防治是一项综合技术,是关系着我国畜禽养殖业发展的重要因素。本文主要阐述了畜禽粪便污染治理存在的问题、防治对策及研究动态。并着重介绍了畜禽粪便生态还田技术、生态养殖模式探索、组建养殖业联合体、畜禽粪便饲料肥料化技术等有效解决畜禽粪便污染问题的新思维和新方法。 相似文献
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畜禽粪便循环利用方法的初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,随着农村规模养殖业的发展,大量的畜禽粪便如何处理和正确利用,成为广大养殖户极待解决的问题。目前畜禽粪便的利用主要有两种形式,一是用作农作物肥料;二是作为再生饲料利用。但在生产实践中我们发现使用者往往将粪便不作任何处理而直接利用。因畜禽粪便中含有大量的致病菌和寄生虫,如不作适当处理则成为畜禽传染病、寄生虫病和人畜共患病的传染源,加之粪便气味不良并含有大量的氮、磷、钾和部分重金属元素,处理不当容易造成对土壤、水源、空气的污染,危害人类健康。因此,本文就如何科学利用畜禽粪便作初步探讨。 相似文献
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刘曼 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2014,(3):64-64
<正>我国是一个畜牧业养殖大国,饲料需求量缺口仍然很大,饲料粮食供求关系日益紧张,目前规模畜禽场养殖多以玉米、豆粕为主。另外,养殖成本日益上涨的压力也严重制约着饲料工业和畜禽养殖业健康发展,开拓、开发新型蛋白质饲料并应用于畜禽养殖业成为当务之急,需通过引进国外新型、安全的蛋白质替代饲料来降低养殖成本、提高畜禽生产性能,保证畜禽养殖业健康可持续发展。肠黏膜蛋白粉是以猪小肠为原料,经一系列蛋白酶 相似文献
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近年来,随着畜禽养殖业,尤其是特种动物养殖业的迅猛发展,产生的大量粪便、污水对周围环境造成严重影响。养殖业粪污污染已成为生物现代畜牧业发展的瓶颈。养殖场粪便、污水等若未经处理随地排放,将形成严重的环境污染。因此,规模养殖场废弃物的无害化处理、畜禽粪便综合利用,畜禽养殖场粪污的无害化、 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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