连翘叶总黄酮提取工艺的研究

通过正交方法分析回流次数、乙醇浓度、回流时间、料液比对连翘叶总黄酮得率的影响。结果表明：连翘叶中总黄酮的最佳提取方案是：回流3次，料液比1：6，乙醇浓度55％，每次回流时间60min。总黄酮的得率为10．79％，回收率为104％，RSD=0．75（n=3）。     

微波、超声波萃取技术提取松茸多糖的研究

松茸多糖因具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫力、降血脂、抗病毒等生物活性作用,而越来越受到人们的重视,黑龙江林副特产研究所对松茸多糖的提取进行了研究。1）采用微波萃取技术,对微波萃取功率、微波萃取时间、料液比3个因素进行正交试验和分析,确定微波萃取的最佳工艺参数为微波功率660W,萃取时间45min,料液比1：25;2）采用超声波技术对松茸中水溶性粗多糖提取工艺进行了优化,并用硫酸-蒽酮法测定了松茸多糖的含量,结果表明,在超声功率180W、超声时间13min,提取温度100℃的条件下进行提取,料液比1：20,多糖提取率最高;3）比较超声和微波萃取松茸多糖的提取率,可知微波萃取方法更加优于超声方法,有更加广阔的应用前景。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取菌陈蒿黄酮类化合物的研究

对超临界二氧化碳萃取（SCDE）技术从菌陈蒿中提取黄酮类化合物进行了研究。运用L16（4^5）正交表比较系统地研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间以及夹带剂用量对萃取效果的影响，并重点探讨了夹带剂种类和pH值对黄酮类化合物提取率的影响，提取液以NaNO2-Al（NO3）-NaOH显色用分光光度法测定含量。研究表明：与溶剂提取法相比，SCDE法具有操作简单，提取率高，后续分离易于进行、品质较高等特点；100g原料，当pH值为9～10的70％乙醇做夹带剂，用量600mL、萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度55℃，Co2流量20L/h、萃取时间150min时，菌陈蒿总黄酮的提取率最高，为3．875％。     

杜仲叶酸性多糖提取分离及含量测定

研究杜仲叶酸性多糖的提取分离工艺及其含量测定的简便方法.结果表明,以提取过药用有效成分后的杜仲叶为原料提取酸性多糖的较佳工艺条件是:1.0%的碱水在100 ℃下提取2次,每次2 h;提取液经大孔吸附树脂处理,多次醇沉等步骤分离的酸性多糖含量可达到41.46%.采用DNS法测定杜仲叶酸性多糖含量时水解时间控制在15～20 min,显色反应为10 min,检测波长为492 nm;在试验条件下,葡萄糖浓度在0.20～0.60 mg·mL-1范围内显色灵敏、稳定,线性关系良好;用该法测定杜仲叶渣酸性多糖含量时加样回收率为98.30%,RSD为1.76%;显色溶液在2 h内吸光度值比较稳定,能够完全满足测定工作要求,可以作为实验室测定多糖含量的简便、快捷、有效的方法.     

中华猕猴桃种子不饱和脂肪酸的成分分析及其萃取工艺研究

用中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch)种子提取不饱和脂肪酸，经分析测试，产品中主要脂肪酸含量为棕榈酸4．82％、硬脂酸3．72％、油酸13．11％、亚油酸19．36％、亚麻酸64．99％、花生四烯酸2．03％。采用正交试验得出最佳萃取工艺为：萃取温度60℃、萃取时间30min、液料比(石油醚：猕猴桃种子，mL：g)4．0：1．0、萃取次数3次，按该工艺条件，萃取平均得率为29．70％。     

碱性溶液提取荞麦水溶性多糖的研究

研究用碱溶液（0．3mol／LNaOH）提取养麦水溶性多糖,分别用料液比（1：30,1：40,1：50）和提取时间（1h,2h,3h）,提取温度（70℃,80℃,90℃）3因素3水平正交法提取多糖,并研究了这3个因素对多糖得率的影响,方差分析表明温度对多糖提取影响较显著（P〈0．1）,料液比和时间影响不显著。在本实验条件下,荞麦多糖的得率迭25．16％。同时用Sevag方法除蛋白,石油醚回流脱脂,淀粉酶,纤维素酶除去淀粉和纤维素,双氧水脱去色素对多糖进行了纯化。     

仙鹤草多糖的提取及部分理化性质

以多糖提取率为指标,采用L9（3^4）正交实验设计对仙鹤草多糖的提取工艺条件进行优化,并采用脱蛋白与DE-52纤维素离子交换柱层析法对仙鹤草多糖进一步分离纯化．同时对多搪的性质进行分析鉴定。实验结果表明,仙鹤草多糖的最佳提取工艺为：浸提温度为80℃,浸提时间12h,料液比1：15．在此条件下仙鹤草多糖提取率为2．15％,浸提温度是影响得率的主要因素。纯化后的仙鹤草多糖组分HAPI、HAPII多糖含量分别为70．08％、78．80％。     

药百合多糖的提取工艺研究

对药百合多糖的提取工艺进行了探索性研究,选取与比较了固液比、提取时间、提取温度3个因素对药百合粗多糖提取率的影响,并采用L9（3^3）正交设计法优化提取条件,确定了最佳的提取条件为：提取温度70℃、回液比1：15、提取时间4h。选择此条件提取药用百合粗多糖,提取率为1．25％。     

光慈姑主要成分分析测定

采用高效液相、碘显色法和苯酚-浓硫酸显色法,对光慈姑的秋水仙碱、淀粉和多糖的含量进行了分析测定;并对多糖提取条件进行了初步探讨.实验结果表明,在562nm波长下,线性方程为:y=0.00807x+0.00713,r=0.99945(n=10);平均回收率=99.36%,淀粉含量0.2753g/g.在489nm波长下,线性方程为y=0.01048x-0.02186,r=0.99905(n=9),平均回收率为98.67%,多糖含量0.1134g/g.在350nm波长下,线性方程为y=8959.47951x-20001.65556,r=0.99737(n=9),平均回收率为98.12%,秋水仙碱含量0.0754 g/g.采用95%乙醇进行沉淀,多糖的含量较高.     

地钱总黄酮提取的研究

用正交试验法对地钱(Marchantia polymorpha L．)中的黄酮类化合物提取工艺进行了优选研究，采用正交表L16(4^5)，以提取时间、提取温度、提取次数、提取剂中乙醇含量以及料液比为因素，以总黄酮显色液的吸光度为指标进行试验。得到了最佳提取参数及结果：温度为70℃，时间0．5h，提取次数3次，提取溶剂为80％的乙醇，料液比为1：15，提取率1．90％，纯度95．83％。     

超声波辅助提取脱脂红松仁中水溶性多糖的研究

采用超声波辅助提取法对脱脂红松仁中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究.通过正交试验,分别考察了提取温度、液料比、提取时间及醇沉浓度4个因素对红松仁多糖提取率的影响,得出优化的工艺条件：提取温度为70℃,液料比为20：1,提取时间为40 min,醇沉浓度为80%,此条件下多糖的提取率为3.65%,平均含量为45.38%.结果表明,超声波辅助提取的效率和含量均优于传统热水浸提法,且具有提取温度低、时间短及效率高的优势.     

Ultrasound-associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine

Experiment on ultrasound- associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) was conducted in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The factors affecting extraction yield, such as ultrasonic frequency, extracting temperature, extracting time and the ratio of material to liquid (ratio of Korean pine seed to absolute alcohol), were analyzed under specific condition and the optimal extracting parameters were obtained as the ultrasonic frequency 32 000 Hz, the extracting temperature 80℃, the extracting time 50 rain, and the ratio of material to liquid 1: 30. The study demonstrates that ultrasound is a reliable and great efficiency tool for the fast extraction of Korean pine seed oil。     

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of camptothecin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camptotheca acuminata</Emphasis> seeds

Naturally occurring camptothecin(CPT) is an important source of chemotherapeutic agents.The extraction from Camptotheca acuminata is still the main approach to obtain CPT compared with total synthesis.In the present study,ultrasound-assisted extractions(UAE) of CPT from C.acuminata seeds with alkaline solutions were investigated and CPT yield were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.The conditions of alkaline species and concentrations,extraction time,extraction temperature and ultrasonic power were optimized.Results show that both Na3PO4 and Na2CO3 solutions gain good extraction yields,whereas Na3PO4 solution has stronger basicity and need higher concentration than Na2CO3 solution does,thus aqueous Na2CO3 is more beneficial for the extraction.The optimal condition was ultrasonically extracted with 0.5% aqueous Na2CO3 at 50°C and ultrasonic power of 400 W for 60 min.Comparing with UAE with ethanol,the extraction with 0.5% Na2CO3 solution achieves higher yield.Moreover,aqueous Na2CO3 as a solvent has various advantages including non-toxicity,inflammable,non-corrosive and low cost,which ensure this UAE method is a superior method with high utilizing prospect.     

Extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from bamboo leaves

Ultrasonic extraction (UE) was employed for the extraction of bamboo leaf polysaccharides (BLP). The influential parameters of UE procedure including extraction time, ultrasonic power and solid/liquid ratio were optimized by orthogonal experiments. DEAE-cellulose col- umn chromatography was applied to purify BLP and then the radical scavenging activity of BLP was also evaluated. Optimal extraction conditions were: extraction time of 15 min, ultrasonic power of 300 W, and solid/liquid ratio of 1:15. Four kinds of polysaccharides were obtained by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography; the maximum superoxide radical scavenging rate (20.4%) of BLP was inferior to that of vitamin C (VC, the control) and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate (50%) was equivalent to that of VC.     

Extraction and decomposition of hiba wood into valuable chemicals using stepwise temperature supercritical carbon dioxide treatment

Hiba (Thujopsis dolabrata) wood was treated with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) at stepwise temperature increments from 50° to 400°C continuously so that extractives (dichloromethane-soluble and -insoluble phases) and solid residues were obtained. The yield of extractives from hiba wood increased with increasing extraction temperature. The volatile compounds in the dichloromethane-soluble phase from scCO₂ extraction at 50°C contained only terpenoids. However, the volatile compounds in the dichloromethane-soluble phase from scCO₂ extraction at 300°C not only contained terpenoids but also phenols, furans, hydrocarbons, and organic acids. The yield of β-thujaplicin, which is a useful compound in hiba wood, increased with increasing extraction temperature from 50°C to 300°C; the optimal conditions for extracting β-thujaplicin were 300°C and 19.61 MPa. Further study of degradated compounds from the cellulosic and lignic materials of hiba wood after stepwise high-temperature scCO₂ treatment above 300°C may provide clues to its efficient use.     

高效液相色谱法测定羟基喜树碱含量方法的研究

The determination method of 10-hydroxycamptothecin inCamptotheca acuminatu fruits by high-performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) was studied. The HPLC analysis was performed on a HIQ sil C₁₈(4.6×250 mm) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (3:7, V:V), flow rate 1 mL·min⁻¹ and UV detective wavelength 266 nm. Extracting 10-hydroxycamptothecin by ultrasonic method from fruits ofC. acuminata to prepare samples for analysis was systematically discussed. The optimal extraction condition was carried out by 60% alcohol solution at 60°C for 50 minutes. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070086). Biography: MA Mei-fang (1976-), female, Graduate Student of Northeast Forest University. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

火炬松松针多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

以多糖得率为指标,从火炬松松针中浸提多糖,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法优化超声波辅助热水浸提火炬松松针多糖,最佳的工艺参数为:30 g松针粉末在超声波作用时间25 min,热水浸提1 h,液料比25∶1(m L∶g),热水浸提温度91℃。在此条件下,火炬松松针多糖得率达1.867%,提取率达91.39%。通过测定松针多糖对苯基苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和2,2-联氮-二-(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)自由基(ABTS+)的清除能力评价其体外抗氧化能力。结果显示:火炬松松针多糖对自由基DPPH·、·OH和ABTS+都有较强清除能力,且都呈较好的量效关系,火炬松松针多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化能力。     

Sugars from pine bark by enzymatic hydrolysis effect of sodium chlorite treatments

Summary For the utilization of polysaccharides from Pinus pinaster bark, both untreated and NaOH-treated samples were delignified to different stages using NaClO₂ and submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis with Trichoderma reesei cellulase and Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase. In the best conditions, samples treated with 1% NaOH for 15 min and NaClO₂ for 7 hours the conversion of polysaccharides into sugars accounts for the 75% of the potential yield, and the glucose obtained amounts to 87% of the theoretical value.This work was partially supported by the CAICYT (Proj. 0030-85)     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取黑木耳多糖的工艺研究

黑木耳是我国重要的药食兼用真菌,采用超声波辅助提取黑木耳多糖的方法,改进了传统的浸提工艺。研究超声功率、超声时间、液料比及水浴浸提时间等因素对黑木耳多糖提取效果的影响,在单因素基础上,进行响应面分析实验,结果表明,超声波辅助提取黑木耳多糖的最佳工艺条件为：超声功率520W,超声时间13min,液料比132,水浴浸提时间3.1h,黑木耳多糖得率可达16.59%。