阿维菌素浇注剂对牛痒螨病的疗效试验

选择自然感染牛痒螨的杂交牛３０头，将其分成６组，每组５头，第１－４组分别用阿维菌素浇注剂（阿维必淋）按０．２，０．３，０．４和０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量在牛背部皮肤１次浇注给药；第５组用阿维菌素注射液（阿福丁）皮下１次注射；第６组为不治疗对照组。通过治疗后不同时间对每头试验牛皮肤固定部位的寄生虫检查和临床观察结果，评估阿维菌素浇注剂对牛痒螨病的疗效。治疗后第７ｄ显微镜检查时，仅从阿维菌素浇注剂０．２     

应用重组抗原预防猪囊虫病

应用２种重组抗原分别制成免疫刺激复合体疫苗各接种试验猪２次,间隔１４ｄ。第２次接种后７ｄ用有钩绦虫卵感染（２×１０４个／头）。感染后１１６ｄ,９头对照猪共发现１０６７个囊虫,平均１１８．６个／头;免疫Ａ组８头试验猪共发现囊虫５１０个,平均６３．８个／头,减虫率为４６．２％;免疫Ｂ组９头试验猪共发现囊虫８３个,平均９．２个／头,减虫率为９２．２％。在免疫Ｂ组猪体内发现的囊虫发育不全,虫体小,囊液少,囊膜较厚、不透明,呈乳白色,囊虫组织呈退行性病理变化,并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润。免疫动态监测发现,试验猪抗囊虫感染的免疫力主要取决于细胞免疫,而与体液免疫无关。试验猪血清循环抗原（ＣＡ）检测结果与剖检所见囊虫数量密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此认为,ＣＡ检测是简便易行、效果可靠的现场实用技术。     

猪旋毛虫病疫苗的研制及免疫试验

以肠旋毛虫和新生幼虫研制的混合性旋毛虫病油佐剂疫苗，对１１８头不同体重猪进行了免疫试验。其中肌肉注射免疫猪１０８头，间隔２０～２５ｄ，免疫２次；腹腔注射免疫猪１０头，间隔９ｄ，免疫３次。免疫后经过一定时间，给每头免疫猪人工攻击活旋毛虫５００条，攻虫后经过１．５～８个月分批次剖检免疫猪，采取咬肌、肋间肌、膈肌、腰肌、后腿肌５个部位的肉样镜检。结果，有７头试验猪共检出已经死亡的旋毛虫９条，其余１１１头免疫猪均未检出旋毛虫，免疫保护率达９４％；疫苗免疫期半年左右；剖检证实，疫苗吸收良好，在注射部位仅见米粒大黄白色疫苗残留物；免疫猪未发现不良反应，安全性好。     

猪旋毛虫病疫苗的区域试验

在河南省某县一个猪旋毛虫病高发流行区进行了旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原疫苗及灭活新生细虫疫苗的区域试验。免疫前用镜检法抽检某自然村商品猪２１头，查出有虫猪４头，感染率达１９．０５％。成虫可溶性抗原疫苗每头腹腔注射免疫０．５ｍｇ，间隔１０天作２次免疫；新生幼虫疫苗每头猪腹腔注射１０万条，同样间隔１０天作２次免疫。两种疫苗分别免疫猪８６及４４头。免疫后４－７个月内剖杀抽检免疫效果。共抽检未免疫自然感染对照猪４     

里岔黑猪对环境温度适应的某些血液指标的反应

用变温和恒温处理２月龄去势里岔黑猪四个月，饲喂三种不同日粮。结果表明：７－１３．４℃（１）组猪的白细胞吞噬活性最高，－５－１５．０℃（６）组最低。１５℃（２）组的猪血液溶菌酶活力显著高于２５℃（４）２０℃（３）组和（１）组。饲养后期以（５０组的白细胞吞噬活力最高，（３）组最低，结果依次为（５）〉（１）〉（４）〉（２）〉（３）。     

柔嫩艾美尔球虫和巨形艾美尔球虫混合感染致病性研究

材料和方法１．试验动物ＡＡ肉鸡，购自江苏省家禽研究所，出壳后运回实验室饲养在杀灭卵囊的笼具中至１５日龄，经数次粪检未见卵囊后供试验。２．球虫卵囊为本教研室分离鉴定的纯种柔嫩艾美尔球虫和巨形艾美尔球虫孢子化卵囊，４℃保存。３．试验分组挑选体况相近的１５日龄ＡＡ肉鸡５０羽，分成５组。第１组为不感染对照组；第２组为单种球虫感染组，每羽经口接种柔嫩艾美尔球虫孢子化卵囊１万个；第３、４和５组为混合感染组，每羽分别同时感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫和巨形艾美尔球虫孢子化卵囊：０．５＋５万、１＋１０万和２＋２０万个。４．…     

饲粮中脱毒菜籽饼水平对生长猪的影响

将长白×荣昌杂交一代仔猪（２０ｋｇ左右）７５头随机分成５组，每组１５头。在饲粮中加入占总量的０％、１０％、１５％、１８％和２０％的脱毒菜籽饼，并使供试５种饲粮的营养水平基本相同。经６０天试验，平均日增重，第１、２、３组与第５组差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），第４组与第５组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），第１－４组间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲料报酬，第１组与第５组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），其他各组间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；每千克增重需饲料成本，以第４组最低，第５组最高。     

由防疫引发猪瘟疫情的分析

１９９８年３月１２日,我市一村的２个村民小组因猪瘟防疫引发猪瘟疫情,２个组共防疫猪２１０头,发病１５８头,死亡１２８头,发病率和死亡率分别为７５．２４％和８１．０１％,报告如下。１　基本情况　该村共有１０个村民小组,６４３个农户,生猪存栏１１５０头。３月７日猪瘟防疫开始,到３月１１日已注射５个村民小组,共２２３户６１７头猪。３月１２日开始发病,其它５个小组随即暂停防疫。疫病发生在该村９、１０村民组,该两组３月１０日、１１日注射猪瘟疫苗,１２日出现反应,并迅速展开,３月２２日发病未再继续增加。两组…     

五常市采取综合防治措施猪囊虫病得到控制

五常市采取综合防治措施猪囊虫病得到控制张志萍蒋树飞裴志国（五常市家畜防治院）我市猪囊虫病感染率是比较高的。１９８１年生猪屠宰囊虫率为５．４％。近十几年来，通过采取综合防治，有效地控制了猪囊虫病的发展，感染强度逐年减轻，１９９６年感染率为２．３％。１感...     

仔猪早期断奶后升温对生长效果的试验

４０头经３０天哺乳后断奶的杜大长幼猪，随机分为４组，饲喂相同的饲粮，３、４组采取断奶后升温２℃１０天，１、２组按相同饲养但不升温进行对比试验。结果：３、４组腹泻频率比１、２组下降４．９２个百分点（Ｐ＜０．０１），头均日采食量增加１１。１１％，头均日增重增加４８克，提高１５．６７％，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的研制

从猪带绦虫六钩蚴ｃＤＮＡ文库中筛选目的基因并进行克隆表达,重组抗原用血清学方法和猪体免疫进行鉴定。钭具有免疫保护作用的重组抗原纯化,与免疫刺激复合物疫苗佐剂混合,制备成猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗,免疫仔猪并攻虫。该疫苗安全,无毒副作用,免疫猪减虫率９２．２％,完全保护率５５．５％,且免疫组发现的囊虫多数已死亡。     

猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的研制及应用

从猪带绦虫六钩蚴cDNA文库中筛选目的基因并进行克隆表达，重组抗原用血清学方法和猪体免疫试验进行鉴定，筛选保护性抗原基因。将具有免疫保护作用的重组抗原纯化，并与免疫刺激复合物佐剂结合，制成猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗。对工程菌的培养发酵、重组抗原的下游纯化及疫苗的配制、疫苗的中间试制进行了研究，确定了一套比较完善的生产工艺。应用昆明小鼠建立了猪囊虫病的实验动物模型，应用该模型进行上述疫苗的免疫预防试验，免疫1次和2次的免疫保护率分别为96．9％和98．4％。本动物的免疫预防试验显示，疫苗安全性好，免疫保护率达92．2％，且免疫组发现的囊虫多数已死亡。在流行区进行了田间和区域试验。免疫猪未有不良反应，囊虫感染率分别由20％降为1．1％和5．4％降为0．21％。用该疫苗对人工感染的囊虫病猪进行免疫治疗，发现在感染早期的治疗效果较好。免疫动物的体液免疫和细胞免疫的检测结果显示，该疫苗刺激机体产生抗体的时间早、持续时间长、效价高；可显著提高淋巴细胞转化率及E－RFC和Ea-RFC细胞、ANAE^ 细胞和粗粒型ANAE^ 细胞、抑制／杀伤性T细胞亚群的数量。以上结果表明，用大肠杆菌表达的重组抗原制备的猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗安全、高效，且成本低廉，可规模化生产，有成为预防猪囊虫病的一种新型生物制剂。     

Limits of the therapeutic properties of synthetic S3Pvac anti-cysticercosis vaccine

The S3Pvac synthetic vaccine, composed of three peptides (GK1, KETc1 and KETc12) effectively protects against cysticercosis under experimental and field conditions. Additionally, S3Pvac vaccine can effectively damage early-established cysticerci in experimentally lightly infected young pigs. This study was designed to explore if also fully-developed cysticerci that eluded immunity induced by the infection can be damaged by S3Pvac-induced immunity in naturally, heavily infected adult pigs. Fourteen pigs identified as cysticercotic by tongue inspection from rural communities were purchased and moved to controlled conditions in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Half of these pigs were treated once a month three times with S3Pvac plus saponin, and the other half received only saponin (controls). Twelve months later pigs were euthanized, and the number of cysticerci, their macro and microscopic status and their capacity to transform into tapeworms were determined. S3Pvac failed to damage fully-developed muscle cysticerci of naturally, heavily infected adult pigs. To explore possible factors involved in the failure of the therapeutic capacity pooled sera from control and treated cysticercotic pigs were added to mice mononuclear peripheral cells. Pooled sera from non-infected pigs were also tested. Sera from control and treated infected pigs almost completely suppressed the T cell proliferative responses, pointing to the presence of suppressor factors. In conclusion, S3Pvac vaccine failed to damage fully-developed cysticerci in pigs in which a host parasite relationship had evolved after months of infection with immunological implications.     

猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的体液与细胞免疫反应

为了探讨以 Ｉ Ｓ Ｃ Ｏ Ｍ 作佐剂的猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的免疫机理,对其诱导的体液免疫与细胞免疫反应进行了测定。用上述疫苗免疫 ９ 头试验猪,采用间接 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测体液免疫反应及通过淋巴细胞转化试验、 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ染色试验、 Ｅ玫瑰花环形成试验等检测细胞免疫反应;用该疫苗和铝胶苗分别免疫昆明小鼠各 ２０ 只,分别检测体液免疫反应和 Ｔ 淋巴细胞抑制／杀伤亚群的动态变化。体液免疫的检测结果显示,免疫后 ７ 天即出现抗体,２１ 天后抗体全部转阳,持续的时间不少于 １９３ 天,效价明显高于铝胶苗;细胞免疫检测结果显示,免疫猪外周血 Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率、 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ＋ 细胞和粗粒型 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ＋ 细胞、 Ｅ Ｒ Ｆ Ｃ和 Ｅａ Ｒ Ｆ Ｃ细胞显著升高,免疫小鼠 Ｔ淋巴细胞抑制／杀伤亚群显著升高;与铝胶苗及对照组比较,差异极显著。以上结果表明猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗可同时激发动物的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应,增强了机体的免疫调节功能及杀伤性 Ｔ 淋巴细胞功能。     

Risk factors associated with porcine cysticercosis in selected districts of Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia

To determine the risk factors associated with Taenia solium transmission in humans and pigs in the rural areas of Eastern and Southern provinces of Zambia, a questionnaire was administered in 788 households from 155 villages. Pigs were examined from 800 households. Tongue examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) for the detection of circulating antigens of T. solium cysticerci were used to measure infection in pigs. A snowballing technique was utilised to select households with pigs. Prevalence of households with pigs infected with T. solium on tongue examination by district ranged from 12.7% to 32.1% with Ag-ELISA having a range of 30.0-51.7%. Of the total number of households visited, 18.8% and 37.6% had at least one pig positive for porcine cysticercosis on tongue examination and Ag-ELISA, respectively. Risk factors associated with T. solium infection were lack of pork inspection at slaughter (96.7%), consumption of pork with cysts (20.1%), selling of pork infected with T. solium cysticerci (18.3%), free-range husbandry system (83.2%) and absence of latrines (58.0). Free-range husbandry system (OR=1.68; 95% CI=1.36-2.07) was a significant risk factor for porcine cysticercosis in the surveyed areas. The result that pigs were mostly kept on free-range and semi-intensive husbandry systems may have permitted them to have access to eating human faeces that could be contaminated with tapeworm eggs. This study has shown that T. solium infection poses a high public health risk in the study areas and urban areas as well. We recommend that a human survey be conducted to verify the human exposure to taeniasis and/or cysticercosis in Zambia.     

Epidemiological survey of swine cysticercosis in two rural communities of West-Cameroon

To determine the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis, a survey was carried out in 27 villages belonging to two rural communities of West-Cameroon (Bafou and Bamendou). Between January and August, 2000, a total of 707 pigs were examined serologically and by tongue inspection. Serum samples were examined for circulating parasite antigen using a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) and for antibodies against cysticerci (Ab-ELISA). Seventy eight samples (11.0%) were found positive in the Ag-ELISA and 154 (21.8%) in the Ab-ELISA, while by tongue inspection on the same animals cysticerci were detected in 43 pigs (6.1%). Gibbs sampling using results of these three tests indicated that the estimated prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 10.9%. Analysis of the Ag-ELISA results demonstrated that adult pigs showed a significantly higher seroprevalence (15%) than young ones (8.4%). There was no statistical difference in cysticercosis prevalence in pigs raised in households with or without a latrine. Animals that were reported to be usually confined were significantly less infected (9.9%) than free-roaming pigs (16.2%). Infection rates were significantly higher in pigs that had access to human faeces (13.8%) than those which did not have access (9.1%). This study has identified some community behavioural and environmental practices that should be modified to prevent continuous transmission of porcine cysticercosis.     

Detection of Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Pigs by ELISA with an Excretory-Secretory Antigen

Serodiagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs was conducted by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an excretory-secretory antigen. The antigen was obtained by in vitro cultivation of the cysticerci in a synthetic medium RPMI 1640. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA in detecting infection in pigs reared on free range was 92% and 100%, respectively. In addition, 33.33% of pigs in which infection could not be detected at meat inspection were found positive by ELISA. However, none of the sera from a group of farm-reared pigs were positive. No cross reactions were observed in pigs that contained either the cysticerci of Taenia hydatigena or hydatid cysts.     

Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis: viability of cysticerci and persistency of antibodies and cysticercal antigens after treatment with oxfendazole

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of treating Taenia solium infected pigs with oxfendazole (OFZ) on viability and clearance of cysticerci and the corresponding persistence of specific antibody isotypes (IgG(total), IgG1, IgG2 and IgA) and circulating cysticercal antigen (CCA). Antibody isotypes and CCA responses were measured by antibody-ELISA (Ab-ELISA) and antigen ELISA (Ag-ELISA), respectively. Correlations were made between antibodies, CCA and the total number of cysticerci enumerated at necropsy. Forty pigs with cysticercosis were randomly allocated into two groups: Treatment group (n=20) was treated with OFZ at 30 mg/kg orally while the treatment control group (n=20) was not treated. Five uninfected pigs served as negative controls. Pigs were killed at 1, 4, 8 and 26 weeks post-treatment (wkpt). Overall, the mean total cyst count in treated pigs was 2904+/-5397 (mean+/-S.D.) while in the controls it was 6235+/-6705. Mean cyst viability was 5+/-11% (mean+/-S.D.) and 97+/-4% in treated and control pigs, respectively. Results showed that OFZ killed muscular cysticerci over a period of 4 weeks but failed to kill cerebral cysticerci. Antibodies, CCA responses and clearance of dead cysts from the meat, depended on the cyst intensity of individual pigs at time of treatment since both antibody and CCA correlated with intensity of cysticerci at necropsy (r=0.441, P=0.005; r=0.654, P<0.001), respectively. IgG1 responses were the best indicator of treatment efficacy because they were predominant in both infected treated and control pigs and disappeared early after treatment. Both Ab/Ag-ELISA failed to detect cysts in the brain. Though dead cysticerci took some time (26 wkpt) to clear from the meat, treatment of porcine cysticercosis with OFZ should, in combination with other intervention measures be considered as an important, cost-effective measure in the control of taeniosis/cysticercosis.     

Vaccination against Taenia solium cysticercosis in underfed rustic pigs of México: roles of age, genetic background and antibody response

Vaccination of pigs of mixed genetic make-up, raised as rustically as done in rural Mexico, resulted in effective protection to experimental challenge against Taenia solium cysticercosis. Maximum protection was achieved if pigs were immunized at 70 days of age. There was large variation of viable parasite load within vaccinated pigs and controls, which is suggestive of significant genetic factors influencing susceptibility, besides immunization. Our results strengthen the advisability of pig vaccination for control of T. solium cysticercosis, since it lowers the number of viable cysticerci capable of transforming into tapeworms.