Die design of a compacting spring bracket

Based on an analysis of the current die design situation, the numerical simulation software Dynaform was applied to die development. In a compacting spring bracket project, the finite element method and shape forming technology were used to simulate and validate the pressing and forming processes. Top to bottom technology of Pro/Engineering next was adopted to design the die. The result shows such die design methods and technologies can help designers develop dies quickly and accurately and improve productivity.     

Wrinkling limit prediction of rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy tube

Wrinkling is one of main forming defects of the rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular aluminium alloy tube, which severely restricts the improvement of the forming quality and forming limit. Therefore, a regression prediction model of the wrinkling wave height is built based on finite element(FE) simulation combined with orthogonal regression analysis, and its reliability is validated by experiments. Then the analytical model of forming limit without the occurrence of wrinkling is derived. The laws of the core number, the clearance between mandrel and tube and the clearance between wiper die and tube affecting wrinkling limit are obtained, and the wrinkling limit diagram for the rotary-draw process of thin-walled rectangular tube is obtained.This research provides basis and guidance for improving forming quality of the rotary-draw bending process for the rectangular tubes in production.     

Failure analysis of upset bending equipment for a heavy crankshaft with continuous grain flow

A failure investigation is conducted on the upset bending equipment of a heavy crankshaft with continuous grain flow which is broken in the first use after the crankshaft flange is modified to deform in the die cavity. The forging process of the heavy crankshaft is simulated using the DEFORM 3D software, through which the forming load and die filling are calculated. Using the I Dears software, the structural strength calculation for the upset bending equipment is performed. The stress field and displacement in the equipment are obtained. The failure analysis of the die base is accomplished. The analysis results show that the practical crack location and orientation in the die base are consistent with those in the structural strength calculation.     

Forming process of asymmetric wall forging

Asymmetric wall products are widely used in the engineering. However, there are many limitations in the traditional forming processes employed to produce them. Oil pump stator has been studied as an instance to present the forming process of asymmetric wall products. First, a theoretical analysis of the forging's forming process has been made. Second, a rigid-visco-plastic finite element model of oil pump stator has been constructed and three dimensions FEM simulation and analyzing of extruding process have been taken by employing the simulation software. At last, parameters of the forming process have been optimized, the rule of forging's metal flow in the forming process has been analyzed and some distributions of stress and strain have been offered. These data can be use to direct the production of the other asymmetric wall forgings.     

Numerical simulation of influence for the process parameters on multi-roll flexible stretch forming

Multi-roll stretch forming (MRSF) process is a new flexible process. Through extensive numerical simulations of the MRSF process, it is found that the smaller the distance between die and rollers is, the more easily the shape can be formed, and the better the quality of formed part can be. However, the distance between clamps and rollers has little effect on the formed parts. The corresponding stretch forming experiment has been done and the results show that the simulation trend is consistent with the experimental results.     

Simulation and Experiment of the Forging Process of Railway Lorry Bomsster

Bomsster is a key load-bearing part of railway lorry bogie.Because of its inherent defects casting-steel bomsster could not meet the demands of the heavy load,acceleration and security for lorry.So forging process is proposed to form it.The forming performance of forging-steel bomsster is analyzed.A forging technology is presented which realizes two forging-steel bomsster parts formed in one die.With the plastic forming simulation software DEFORM-3D,the simulation and optimization of the forming process of forging bomsster has been taken based on 3D rigid visco-plastic FEM theory.Optimized scheme has been used to direct the pilot product.The results of product's testing and application suggest that the new forging technology is feasible and the performance of the product is credibility and stabilization.The factory has realized large scale production of a series of forging-steel bomsster.Remarkable benefits of both economy and society have been achieved.     

口蹄疫病毒株OA/58 L蛋白酶的结构构建和功能分析

以口蹄疫病毒株OA/58 RNA为模板,反转录并扩增目的cDNA,然后与pGEM-T Easy载体连接并转化JM109菌株,提取的重组质粒用凝胶电泳、PCR和EcoR I酶切法鉴定。该毒株与A12,O1K,O1Campos和TW45/97毒株序列通过对比分析发现,L基因中有2个起始密码子,第二个是首选;并且确定氨基酸保守区主要位于第35～39,43～54,65～67,75～80,90～111,113～142,144～146,148～157,159～172和176～187位。L蛋白酶含有球状区域,碳端有一柔性杆状结构。合成的L蛋白酶可形成二聚体结构。第144位的Lys、148位的His和163位的Asp可能是L蛋白酶的活性位点。保守区氨基酸残基在维持蛋白的空间构像和功能方面具有重要作用。由拉马钱德兰图可证明本试验构建L蛋白酶的空间结构是合理的,它对于进一步的研究具有指导性。     

Computational Simulation on Temperature Field of Slab Continuous Casting Mold

On the core concepts that the distributing of temperature and solidified slab shell in mold are a stable process, a new method to calculate the temperature field in mold has been promoted. Consequently, a coupling model on fluid filed and temperature field in stable state has also been established. The concept of effective heat capacity is introduced to deal with the latent heat source term from phase transformation. During the programming for computation, the dynamic updating method is also applied to simulate the influence of solidification on physical properties. The resolution results of this model are analyzed and compared with the tested thickness of solidified shell from casting broke out slab, which demonstrates the correctness and applicability of this model to the practical continuous casting process. Additionally, the thickness distribution of solidified shell in slab mold are also studied in detail.     

The Finite Element Simulation of Pipe Bend Forming

A dynamic explicit finite element method is used to pipe bend forming processes on bender in this paper.The degenerated shell element and co-rotational coordinate system are employed.The material of pipe is assumed to satisfy Hill's anisotropic elasto-plastic yield condition.The bend die and press die are assumed as rigid surfaces and the contact force is computed by penalty method.Several numerical examples are given.They show that this method is effective.     

超声辅助提取丝状真菌被孢霉中油脂的工艺研究

通过超声波辅助提取丝状真菌被孢霉中油脂的研究试验,确定影响提取的4个主要因素(超声波功率、提取温度、超声时间、料液比),以及丝状真菌被孢霉中油脂的超声波辅助提取的最佳萃取工艺。结果表明,超声波功率为120W,提取温度为45℃,超声时间为40min,料液比为1∶9,油脂平均得率为43.67%。     

BP neural network and genetic algorithm for thefilling properties optimization of crankshaft

The structure of wedge flash is proposed to improve the filling properties for deep cavity structure of crankshaft die with dimensional splitting mold. BP genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the structure parameters of wedge flash based on Matlab. Samples which are selected by orthogonal test are analyzed via FEM, and the minimum unfilled distance obtained are employed to conduct the BP neural network training. Then the optimum parameters with minimum unfilled distance are gained from genetic algorithm. Error between the parameters predicted and the results get from simulations is less than 5%. The productive practice indicates that the cavity is fully filled and the material utilization ratio increases from 75.7% to 81.4%, which confirms the correctness of optimization of wedge flash structure.     

北京地区粮堆表层温度、水分、气体监测数据分析

选择了北京地区储藏小麦、稻谷和玉米3个粮种共5个仓,针对易出问题的粮堆表层,对温度、粮食水分、CO_2气体以及霉菌和害虫生长,开展为期1年的实仓跟踪监测试验,研究实际粮堆中温度、水分、CO_2浓度与虫霉危害的关系。研究结果表明,粮堆表层温度受环境影响较大,无法检测虫霉危害的发生。粮食自身呼吸不会导致开放式粮堆表层CO_2浓度明显升高。当CO_2浓度明显升高时,可以确定粮堆安全出现异常状况,可能出现霉菌或害虫生长,也可能是虫霉协同共生,需采取其它简单快速的检测方法加以区分确认,以便于后续采取措施。由于气体有扩散性,实际仓储过程中,CO_2浓度量值和变化幅度受霉菌或害虫生长速度以及仓房密闭性等多个因素的影响。     

天然生物抗菌剂纳他霉素在食品中的应用及研究进展

纳他霉素具有多烯大环内酯结构,是一种天然生物抗菌剂,在食品中具有广泛的应用前景。它能有效地抑制霉菌和酵母菌等真菌,具有高效、无毒、安全、广谱等特性,可替代传统化学抗菌剂。文章主要概述了纳他霉素的理化性质、抑菌机制和安全性,总结其在乳制品、肉及其制品、焙烤食品、水果及其制品和调味品等食品中的应用效果,同时论述了其在食品包装领域中的研究进展,指出了纳他霉素在以上应用中存在的不足,并对其进行了展望,为纳他霉素在食品及包装领域中的应用提供了应用参考和研究案例。     

Advance in Spray Forming Technology and Its Prospect

Spray Forming technology gets involved with new materials preparation techniques in multiple domains such as powder metallurgy, fluent metal atomization, rapid cooling and non-equilibrium solidification. High performance alloy and metal matrix composite with high density, low oxygen content and microstructure featuring rapid solidification can be fabricated by spray forming. Spray forming, which is of short process flow, low cost, high deposition efficiency, flexible manufacture system, becomes a kind of near shape forming and rapid solidification technology with great prospect. Therefore the developing process history of spray forming technology is introduced and the current research and development status of spray forming technology in the fields of aluminum alloy, steel material, magnesium alloy, copper alloy and high temperature alloy and metal matrix composite is described. Multi-layer spray forming and in-situ reaction atomization spray forming are also discussed. In addition, evaluation and prospect for the technology are presented.     

Numerical simulation and optimization of flow and temperature fields for wide slab cast mold

Fluid flow and temperature distribution in a wide slab continuous caster mold are simulated using the commercial software FLUENT. The research results show that the longitudinal cracks in the wide slab surface with an original submerged entry nozzle (SEN) mainly are caused by weak upper flow circulation in the mold, slow heat exchange near the meniscus, and non uniform melting of the mold powder. Therefore, a modified SEN with smaller outlet thickness, a 15° downward port angle, and convex bottom is designed to overcome the disadvantages of the original nozzle. The characteristics of the molten steel flow are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the parameters of the optimum SEN are more highly optimized than the original SEN. The trial results also show that the optimum SEN possesses a better application effect.     

几种防霉剂混合使用抑制颗粒饲料霉菌的研究

本试验使用5种防霉剂，即“霉敌”、“丙酸钙”、“防霉灵”、“霉镇”和“山苍子油”，分设8个处理；处理1、2、3的饲料内分别加3－4种防霉剂，其它处理只加1种防霉剂，另设一对照（不加防霉剂）。试验结果表明，在饲料含水量为11％，经168天储藏，各处理霉菌数上升均较慢，饲料外观无明显霉变现象。将饲料水分提高到14％时，高湿度储藏一个月，以处理1、2、3的防霉剂防霉效果最好，表现为霉菌数上升慢，除处理1有轻度霉变外，处理2、3未见明显霉变。而加一种防霉剂的处理6霉菌数次于处理1、2、3，储藏一个月只轻微霉变，而其他处理霉菌数上升快，饲料外观霉变重或严重。     

ROLE OF BaO IN MOLD POWDER USED IN CHNTINUKUS CASTING KF STEEL

In this paper, the role of BaO in mold powder used in continuous casting of steel is studied. The pricipal content of the study is about the effect of BaO on melting temperature, Viscosity, and capacity of absorbing inclusion and glassing of molten mold powder. Experiment results reveal that to add BaO into mold powder can decrease the melting temperature and viscosity, and prevent the formation of high melting point particle and crystallizing of mold powder, suitable BaO content in mold powder is quite helpful to increase the capacity of absorbing inclusion of molten mold powder, and to improve the lubrication effect of molten powder film between mold and billet.     

Deep Drawing of Complicate Parts by Hydroforming

The process of deep drawing of complicate parts using hydroforming is described.The mechanical analysis and how to improve the forming quality are also discussed.     

不同比例的嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌对酸奶品质的影响

由于嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌在发酵过程中的作用机理不同,因此这2个菌种的比例对酸乳的发酵会有较大的影响,可以导致酸乳发酵风味、货架期等不同程度的改变。对酸奶发酵过程中嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的比例及其发酵结果进行了研究,利用平板菌落计数法计数,测定滴定酸度,找出发酵规律,从而得出嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌的比例关系为3∶2时,酸奶的风味较理想、货架期较长,是这2个菌种最理想的比例。     

Analysis and Design of Stigmata Upsetting Die

Upsetting, a typical hot deformation process, is simulated by using rigid-viscoplastic finite-element method, its instantaneous stress distribution over the interface between the die and workpiece being derived for the finishing upsetting stage. Based on these computations and in conjunction with elastic finite element method,die strength is then analysized. An optimization design for prestressed die inserts is adopted to decrease pressure being applied to the working surface of upsetting die,and in turn,to prolong its service life.