无腺体棉籽仁对早期断乳仔猪和生长肥育猪的饲养价值

无腺体棉籽基本上不含有棉酚,可以大量喂猪而无中毒危险。用无腺体棉籽加工的棉籽饼,其蛋白质和氨基酸的可消化性与豆饼相似,故其氨基酸的生物学有效性是很好的。去壳后的无腺体棉籽仁还可用作人的食品。作者进行了三次早期(25～32日龄)断乳仔猪试验和一次生长肥育猪试验,以评价无腺体棉籽仁对早期断乳仔猪和生长肥育猪的饲养价值。作者还在这四次试验中研究了冷制粒。热压蒸煮(104℃蒸煮20分钟)和干挤压(持续30秒钟,出口温度140℃)对无腺棉籽仁饲养价值的影响。结果表明:     

猪日粮中棉籽饼粉的应用

棉籽饼粉用于猪日粮的问题是。其中①蛋白质品质差;②含有对单胃家畜有毒的游离棉酚;③消化能含量低。本文就这三个方面作了详细论述,提出了纠正办法,以便棉籽饼粉在提供日粮中50％蛋白质的情况下可取得同使用豆饼粉时同样的饲喂效果。文章並详细介绍了棉籽饼粉在生长-肥育猪、妊娠猪、泌乳猪日粮中的使用方法。     

双低菜子饼可作为生长肥育猪蛋白质补充料

在两次试验中,用平均始重为20.3公斤的400头杂交猪测定双低菜子饼作为生长(20～60公斤)和肥育(60～90公斤)阶段蛋白质补充料的效果。日粮以大麦和小麦为基础,在等能量、等蛋白的基础上以双低饼取代日粮中的豆饼所提供蛋白质的0、25、50、75和100%。生长猪平均日进食饲料及饲料利用率不受双低饼水平的影响(P>0.05),但当取代大豆饼超过75%时,增重速度显著下降(P<0.01)。在育肥阶段,猪的生产性能不受双低饼替代大豆饼的影响(P>0.05)。结论是生长猪日粮中双低饼的最大用量为9%,双低饼可作为肥育猪日     

以可消化赖氨酸为基础配制猪日粮的试验研究

3组试验猪,每组60头,分别饲喂 A、B、C 三种日粮。日粮依次用豆饼、“豆饼+棉籽饼+血粉”和“豆饼+棉籽饼十菜籽饼+血粉”为蛋白质饲料。日粮粗蛋白和消化能水平相近,但总赖氨酸含量不尽相同,而可消化赖氨酸水平则一致。试验结果表明,3种日粮的饲养效果无显著差异(P>0.05),猪全期日增重(克)和料肉比分别为808、3.28;847、3.26和792、3.28。     

不同蛋白水平日粮对肥育猪生长及胴体品质的影响

饲料的品质和数量对猪的肥育速度和肉质影响很大。许多研究证明:饲料中能朊比对肥育猪增重速率和胴体品质均有较明显的影响。猪的不同生长阶段对饲料能朊的要求也不同。本文为研究不同蛋白水平日粮对肥育猪生长及胴体品质的影响,充分利用本省饲料资源,以葵花饼代替部分豆饼,对不同生长阶段猪的日粮蛋白水平予以调整。以期运用适宜的日粮配合,促进肥育猪生长,提高其瘦肉率。     

稻谷在肥育肉牛日粮中的应用

稻谷是我省的主要粮食作物,种植面积广,产量高。棉籽饼是农业生产的副产品,价格低廉。同时,作为能量饲料的玉米和作为蛋白质饲料的豆粕却十分短缺,主要依靠外省或进口,在很大程度上制约了全省养殖业的发展。根据有关报道,用稻谷取代玉米饲喂生长肥育猪,其日增重差异不显著,增重成本却降低7.6%。但在肉牛生产方面,还未见有关稻谷在肉牛日粮中应用的报道。为了充分利用本地饲料资源,降低饲养成本,我们于2001年1～2月在江西省畜牧技术推广站生产试验场,用“稻谷—棉籽饼型”日粮代替传统的“玉米—豆粕型”日粮,进行了为期30d的饲喂肥育肉牛试…     

日粮中赖氨酸含量对肥育猪的影响

赖氨酸是猪日粮中第一限制性氨基酸。因此,满足生长猪所需的蛋白质和赖氨酸对其肥育效果和胴体品质有直接影响。试验研究了在日粮含有不同水平赖氨酸的情况下限制饲养(减饲10—17％)与充足饲养(满足饲料需要)对猪肥育效果和胴体品质的影响(见方案)。每试验组10头猪。     

生长肥育猪最佳饲料配方研究

配合饲料营养全面,能缩短肉猪饲养周期,提高饲料利用率和经济效益。据试验,用配合饲料喂猪比单一饲料可提高饲料报酬20～30％左右,而且胴体瘦肉率较高。河南省玉米、麸皮、大麦等能量饲料较为丰富,鱼粉、豆饼等蛋白质饲料紧缺,且价格高。为适应瘦肉猪生产发展的需要,解决蛋白质饲料不足的问题,采用多种饼粕(豆饼、棉籽饼、菜籽饼、芝麻饼等)搭配,并研究适当的添加剂,从中筛选出经济而有效的生长肥育猪饲料配方,以便在生产中推广应用。一、材料和方法 1.试猪的选择:选择瘦肉型杂交猪40头,分4组,每组10头,试验前列试猪进行     

玉米-大豆饼粉日粮不需添加尼克酸

美国密苏里大学的猪研究者 Daniel等做了一项试验 ,研究了在低蛋白质日粮和正对照玉米 -大豆饼粉日粮中添加晶状尼克酸对仔猪断奶至达到上市体重期间的生产性能的影响。被测量的指标有被毛及皮肤的状况以及蹄裂和跛行的发生率。该试验持续 1 3 3 d(参试猪 3 3 6只 ) ,其中 ,保育期占 3 5d,生长肥育期占 98d。试验结果如下 :1往玉米 -大豆饼粉日粮中添加晶状尼克酸没有显著增加保育期、生长肥育期或整个试验期采食低蛋白质日粮或正对照日粮猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重或肉料比 ;2猪对添加尼克酸没有反应 ,表明 :往玉米 -大豆饼粉日粮中添…     

全植物性饲粮饲养生长肥育猪的报告

全植物性饲粮饲养生长肥育猪的报告宁波市饲料工业公司严竞天陆信国生长肥育猪的消化吸收系统已趋完善，应给予既能促进肉猪生长，饲料报酬高，总体经济效益又好的饲粮。我们结合实际情况，以合理利用植物性蛋白质来源，提高经济效益为目的对生长肥育猪进行全植物性饲料饲...     

提高生长肥育猪棉、菜籽饼饲粮蛋白质效率和饲养效果的研究

<正> 前言 蛋白质饲料不足,是影响养猪生产的原因之一。然而,据1982年统计,我省年产棉、菜籽饼共4.7亿公斤,但饲用量不到5％。其原因之一是,含有毒物,蛋白质质差和适口性低,用于养猪仅能得到低下的饲养效果。 据报告:用棉饼和菜饼或加上大豆饼配合饲用,可限其毒物于安全水平和改进氨基酸的平衡性(1961年Abrams;1982年Hodson等);补充限制性氨基酸是提高“两饼”饲效的有效方法,也有增加采食量的作用     

Soybean protein solubility in potassium hydroxide: an in vitro test of in vivo protein quality

Experiments were conducted to assess protein solubility in .2% KOH as an indicator of soybean protein quality for chicks and pigs and to assess effects of particle size on protein solubility. As the particle size (micron) of soybean meal (SBM) increased, protein solubility (%) decreased (b = -.0206). In two 9-d chick trials, dehulled SBM (48% CP) was subjected to various autoclaving times and then fed as the sole source of dietary protein to young chicks. Increasing autoclaving times from 0 to 40 min at 120 degrees C resulted in a quadratic decrease in protein solubility. A broken-line model was fitted wherein gain:feed of chicks was plotted as a function of protein solubility. The analysis showed no reduction in feed efficiency with solubilities greater than 59 +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SEM). When solubility was below 59%, however, gain:feed decreased 1.5% for each 1% decrease in protein solubility. The third trial (13 d) was conducted with 7.5-kg pigs fed autoclaved SBM (44% CP) as the primary source of protein. Feed efficiency was significantly decreased when protein solubility was less than 66%. This study showed that protein solubility in KOH was a good index of in vivo soybean protein quality, and that it is important to standardize SBM particle size when applying the KOH assay.     

发酵棉粕的营养价值及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展

棉粕是一种仅次于豆粕的优质植物性蛋白原料,蛋白质含量高,氨基酸种类丰富,但由于含有多种抗营养因子而限制了其在饲料中的应用。利用微生物发酵法处理棉粕可以有效降低其抗营养因子含量,还能提高发酵底物中小分子肽、消化酶、有机酸、益生菌等的含量,从而提高其营养价值。发酵棉粕在动物生产中有较为广泛的应用,在生长育肥猪日粮中使用5%~10%的发酵棉粕替代豆粕,对猪的采食量、日增重和料肉比等指标均没有显著影响,且可降低饲料成本;在鸡日粮中添加5%~15%的发酵棉粕可以提高鸡群免疫力,降低发病率,从而节约用药成本,并可改善鸡肉、鸡蛋的品质;发酵棉粕还可作为反刍动物精料补充料中的蛋白质原料,其所含的营养物质可通过促进瘤胃微生物的生长繁殖从而增加反刍动物对粗饲料的利用率;在水产饲料中用发酵棉粕代替鱼粉和豆粕,不仅可以降低饲料成本及饵料系数,还可以改善水质,提高水产动物体内消化酶含量,从而提高营养物质的消化吸收率。作者综述了发酵棉粕的营养价值,并总结了其在动物生产中的应用研究进展。     

Effects of Cottonseed Cake-based Diets Supplemented with Blood Meal,alone or with lysine,on the Growth of Pigs

An experiment was carried out to establish the effect on the growth of pigs of including blood meal or lysine in diets containing gossypol from cottonseed cake. Forty Landrace x Large White pigs (20 of each sex) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments of 8 pigs each in a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of lysine or two levels of blood meal in the diets plus a control diet. The pigs were fed different diets and slaughtered at 75.0 +/- 2.0 kg live weight for carcase analysis. Supplementing the diets with blood meal resulted in higher live weight gains (p<0.001) and improved feed conversion ratios (p<0.001) than supplementing with lysine. Pigs fed the higher level of cottonseed cake showed a significant (p<0.001) depression in live weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed a low level of the cake. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in intake in the pigs fed diets with cottonseed cake including blood meal or synthetic lysine. The kidney and liver weights of the pigs fed the diets with a higher level of cottonseed cake were significantly greater (p<0.001) than in those fed the lower level, but when the diets containing cottonseed cake were supplemented with blood meal or lysine at the same level there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the weights of these organs. Lysine or other factors derived from blood meal appear to be more efficient than synthetic lysine in reducing the adverse effects of gossypol.     

Effect of different protein sources on growth and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs

Crossbred gilts (n = 180) and barrows (n = 180) from the Louisiana State University (LSU) Agricultural Center and the University of Illinois (UI) were used to compare the effect of soybean meal in swine diets, relative to other protein sources, on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. Four replications with five pigs each at each location were allotted to nine dietary treatments: soybean meal control (SBM), crystalline AA (corn-AA), extruded soybeans (ESB), canola meal (CAN), peanut meal (PNT), sunflower meal (SFLR), ground peas, meat and bone meal (MBM), and poultry by-product meal (PLTY). The diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC nutrient requirements and to have equal Lys:ME according to dietary phase and sex. Corn was the grain source in all diets and the protein sources were the sole source of supplemental protein in all diets except when AA were added to meet the requirement. Pigs (three per pen at each location) were killed at an average final BW of 114 kg in the LSU or UI Meat Science Laboratories. Pigs fed SBM had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the corn-AA, CAN, SFLR, MBM, or PLTY and greater (P < 0.05) ADFI relative to pigs fed the corn-AA, ESB, MBM, or PLTY. Gain:feed was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed corn-AA or SFLR but increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed ESB compared with pigs fed the SBM diet. Loin muscle area was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the corn-AA or MBM diets compared with pigs fed the SBM diet. Tenth-rib backfat thickness was greater (P < 0.10) in pigs fed corn-AA, peas, or MBM than in those fed SBM. The NPPC percentage acceptable quality lean and kilograms of lean were decreased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed corn-AA, peas, or MBM compared with those fed SBM. Results from this experiment suggest that pigs fed SBM have equal or better growth performance and carcass traits than pigs fed other protein sources.     

Utilization of alternative protein meals with or without multiple-enzyme supplementation in broilers fed low-energy diets

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different protein meals, with or without enzyme supplementation, on the performance of broilers. A diet based on a combination of protein meals (15% soybean meal, and 5% each of sunflower meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal, and cottonseed meal) was compared with 4 other diets containing 15% soybean meal and 20% of sunflower meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal, or cottonseed meal. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 2,630 kcal of ME/kg and 0.95% digestible lysine, with all other essential amino acids set to meet or exceed the ideal protein ratios. Each diet was fed with or without supplemental exogenous enzyme (Rovabio Excel at 500 g/metric ton of feed) to 6 replicate pens of 50 chicks from 1 to 35 d posthatch as coarse mash. In the cottonseed meal-based diet, supplemental enzyme resulted in high 35-d feed intake and FCR compared with the cottonseed meal-fed groups with no enzyme. There was a significant (P < 0.05) diet × enzyme interaction for 35-d feed intake and FCR. Birds fed the sunflower meal-based diet had significantly (P < 0.05) higher final BW gain and lower FCR as compared with those fed rapeseed meal- or cottonseed meal-based diets, whereas the BW gain of birds fed the rapeseed meal-based diet was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared with birds in all other groups. In conclusion, in low-ME broiler diets formulated on a digestible amino acid basis, up to 20% sunflower meal and canola meal can be safely incorporated into the diet. Supplementation of Rovabio failed to exert any positive effect on production parameters when used with diets containing high levels of each of the common protein meals.     

Effects of stachyose on performance, diarrhoea incidence and intestinal bacteria in weanling pigs.

A three-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the oligosaccharide stachyose on performance, diarrhoea incidence and intestinal bacterial populations in weaned pigs (7.96 +/- 0.2kg). A total of 144 crossbred (Landrace x Large White x Duroc) pigs weaned at 28 days were allotted to one of four treatments with six pens per treatment and six pigs per pen. The experimental diets were based on maize, dried whey and whole-fat milk and were supplemented with 0, 1 or 2% stachyose. A fourth diet contained no milk but instead contained 20% soybean meal to provide 0.78% stachyose and 0.21% raffinose. Inclusion of 1 or 2% stachyose in the diet depressed growth compared with pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed the soybean meal diet gained weight at a rate similar to pigs fed the diet containing 1% added stachyose. Diarrhoea incidence was highest for pigs fed the soybean meal diet and lowest for pigs fed the control diet, with pigs fed the diets containing stachyose being intermediate. Pigs fed 1% stachyose had more lactobacilli in the ileum as well as more bifidobacteria in the caecum and colon than control pigs. They also had fewer enterobacteria in the colon. In contrast, pigs fed the diet containing 2% stachyose had fewer lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the jejunum, ileum and caecum than did control pigs. Volatile fatty acids in the ileum, caecum and colon were highest for pigs fed 1% stachyose and lowest for pigs fed 2% stachyose. Volatile fatty acid concentrations were not significantly different between pigs fed the soybean meal diet and those fed the control. The overall results of this experiment indicate that the oligosaccharide stachyose had a negative effect on pig performance and its presence may partially explain the poorer performance observed when soybean meal is used as the sole source of supplemental protein in cereal-based diets fed to weaned pigs.     

青鱼对8种饲料原料中营养物质的表观消化率

本试验旨在研究青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)对国产鱼粉、蝇蛆粉、玉米蛋白粉、大豆粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和米糠8种饲料原料干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、总磷和总能的表观消化率。试验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%待测饲料原料组成,并以0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)为外源指示剂。选取平均体重为(60.17±1.28)g的青鱼270尾,随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。对照组试验鱼饲喂基础饲料,试验组试验鱼分别饲喂1种试验饲料。饲喂1周后采用自排法收集粪便待测。结果表明:8种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总磷、总能以及总氨基酸的表观消化率的范围分别是62.17%～86.47%、83.34%～95.84%、78.93%～100.06%、37.33%～81.99%、66.75%～89.86%、86.33%～96.58%。在8种饲料原料中,玉米蛋白粉的干物质、总磷和总能的表观消化率最高,而大豆粕的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总氨基酸的表观消化率最高;棉籽粕的干物质和总能的表观消化率最低,米糠的粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率最低。各饲料原料中总氨基酸表观消化率与粗蛋白质表观消化率的变化趋势一致,其中以蝇蛆粉最低。由此可见,大豆粕和玉米蛋白粉是青鱼的优质植物蛋白质源,可适量替代鱼粉;蝇蛆粉中粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率都较低,在青鱼饲料中的添加量不宜过高;花生粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕也是较好的植物性蛋白质源,在青鱼饲料中适量添加既有利于饲料的营养平衡,还可降低饲料成本;米糠作为青鱼的能量原料必须保持新鲜,并控制其在饲料中的用量。     

Interrelationship between hypersensitivity to soybean proteins and growth performance in early-weaned pigs.

The objective of this growth trial was to determine the interrelationship between immunological criteria, gut morphology, and performance of starter pigs fed soybean proteins processed by different methods. One hundred twenty-five pigs were orally infused with 6 g/d of either dried skim milk, soybean meal (48% CP), soy protein concentrate, extruded soy protein concentrate, or experimental soy protein concentrate from 7 to 11 d of age and then fed a diet containing the same protein sources from weaning (d 21) to 35 d of age. All pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% dried whey, 1.25% lysine, and 3% soybean oil for the remaining 21 d of the experiment. Xylose absorption and anti-soy immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured on d 6 postweaning, and skin-fold thickness after intradermal injection of protein extracts was measured on d 7 postweaning. A total of 25 pigs (five pigs/treatment) was euthanatized on d 7 postweaning. Villus height and crypt depth from duodenum samples were measured. These measurements were obtained to elucidate a relationship between the hypersensitivity responses to soybean products and growth performance of baby pigs. Pigs fed diets containing soybean meal had a lower (P less than .05) rate of gain (d 0 to 14) and villus height, higher (P less than .01) serum anti-soy IgG titers, and increased skin-fold thickness (d 6 and 7 postweaning) after intradermal injection compared with those fed dried skim milk. Pigs fed other soy proteins also had lower ADG from d 0 to 14 postweaning; however, pigs fed moist extruded soy protein concentrate tended (P less than .09) to have higher ADG and improved feed utilization when compared with pigs fed soybean meal (d 0 to 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pruteen,a new source of protein for growing pigs. II. Feeding trial: Growth rate,feed utilization and carcass and meat quality

Pruteen, a bacterial protein (Imperial Chemical Industries, Billingham, Cleveland, Great Britain) was tested as a sole protein supplement in diets for growing pigs based on barley and fine wheat offal replacing white fish meal.The protein supplements were tested at a ‘standard’ and a ‘marginal’ level of supplementation, fed throughout the growing periods of either pork pigs (20–58 kg live weight) or bacon pigs (20–87 kg live weight).The growth rate and the feed:gain ratio were similar in pigs which received either the Pruteen or the white fish meal diets.Carcass dissection and extensive meat quality studies (raw and cooked) revealed no differences between pigs fed Pruteen or white fish meal.