沈阳地区鹿结核病和布鲁菌病的血清学调查

为了解结核病和布鲁菌病在沈阳地区鹿群中的流行传播状况,从沈阳地区随机采集鹿血清样本1 055份,分别用平板凝集法检测鹿布鲁菌病和间接ELISA法检测鹿结核病的血清阳性率.经检测,沈阳地区的鹿群中结核病的血清阳性率为99,24％,鹿布鲁菌病的血清阳性率为20.19％.本次调查结果为沈阳地区鹿结核病和布鲁菌病的防控提供了流...     

榆林市某县奶牛结核病和布鲁菌病检测与分析

为了解榆林市某县2010年-2014年期间奶牛结核病和布鲁菌病的发生情况,应用结核病国家检测标准(GB/T18645-2002)-结核菌素皮内变态反应检测奶牛结核病,应用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验检测奶牛布鲁菌病。结果表明,奶牛结核病平均阳性率为0.72%;奶牛布鲁菌病平均阳性率为1.19%,虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验2种检测方法的符合率一致。     

梅花鹿结核病的诊断报告

对吉林省辉南县某鹿场所饲养的梅花鹿繁殖母鹿进行了流行病学调查并收集了病鹿的临床症状,同时进行了病理解剖学、病理组织学及微生物学检查,确诊为梅花鹿结核病。     

新疆布鲁菌病发生情况及变化趋势

为了掌握布鲁菌病在新疆地区的发生情况及变化趋势,基于对该地区布鲁菌病监测数据的收集和整理,对2005—2011年新疆地区14个地(州、市),96个县(市、区)上报的布鲁菌病监测数据进行了初步的分析,并对不同牲畜、不同场点及地区分布的布鲁菌病发生及流行情况进行了比较。结果表明,2005—2011年牛和羊布鲁菌病平均阳性率是0.66%和0.61%,牛布鲁菌病规模场和行政村平均阳性率是0.37%和0.77%,羊布鲁菌病规模场和行政村平均阳性率是0.77%和0.52%;牛布鲁菌病阳性率以塔城地区最高,阳性率为2.91%,羊布鲁菌病阳性率以乌鲁木齐市最高,阳性率为14.67%。     

重庆三峡库区肉牛结核病布鲁菌病的调查

采用牛提纯结核菌素皮内变态反应结合γ-干扰素试验、虎红平板凝集试验、试管凝结试验及ELISA法分别对重庆三峡库区肉牛结核病、布鲁菌病进行了抽样检测。结果显示,该区域肉牛结核病阳性检出率为1.2%,布鲁菌病阳性检出率为1.04%。其中,库区东北部区县肉牛结核病、布鲁菌病的阳性检出率均为最高,分别为1.83%、1.14%;3种肉牛养殖规模条件下,个体散养农户牛群结核病、布鲁菌病的阳性检出率均为最高,分别为2.21%、2.94%;所调查的3个年龄段牛群中,19月龄以上牛群结核病、布鲁菌病的阳性检出率最高,分别为2.91%、4.85%。     

吉林省鹿结核病的流行病学调查

为掌握结核病在吉林省鹿群中的流行传播状况,从吉林省养鹿业富有代表性地区的18个鹿场随机采集血清样本1856份作为研究对象,利用结核杆菌Ag85-East6-mpt70抗原多联表达蛋白作为检测抗原,进行酶联免疫检测,调查吉林省鹿结核病流行情况,结果发现,吉林省地区鹿群中存在结核病病例,且各地区间阳性率差异显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）,防疫部门应加强防控,防止疫病扩散。     

辽宁东南部地区绒山羊副结核病血清学调查

为了摸清我省辽宁绒山羊副结核病的流行情况,给防控工作提供依据,采用ELISA检测方法对辽宁东南部地区的辽宁绒山羊开展了副结核病血清学调查工作。调查结果:该地区绒山羊副结核病平均血清阳性率为12.54%;其中3个规模化养殖场的平均血清阳性率为16.06%,最高阳性率为18.4%,最低为11.82%;5个散养户的平均血清阳性率为7.41%,最高阳性率为10.71%,最低为4.44%;研究结果表明副结核病在该地区辽宁绒山羊中广泛存在,而且感染率较高,规模化养殖场的血清阳性率要明显高于散养户;建议有关部门和广大养殖户应对本病引起足够的重视,加强防控工作。     

新疆奎屯地区7 个规模化牧场奶牛副结核病的调查及防控

[目的]调查新疆奎屯地区7 个规模化牧场奶牛副结核病的感染情况,提供科学有效防控措施。[方法]2019—2021年持续对奎屯地区7 个规模化牧场长期、顽固性腹泻牛只采集血液分离血清,使用ELISA检测法进行副结核病的检测。[结果]2019年总阳性率为6.55%（636/9 715）,2020年总阳性率为6.80%（705/10 375）,2021年总阳性率为5.23%（615/11 753）。[结论]检疫加淘汰的方法对降低牧场副结核病的阳性率有较好效果。     

奶牛布鲁菌病血清学调查及病原分离鉴定

2015—2016年应用虎红平板凝集试验、试管凝集试验对新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州21个奶牛场、503个奶牛养殖户所饲养的奶牛进行了布鲁菌病血清学调查,虎红平板凝集试验阳性率为1.10%,试管凝集试验阳性率为0.82%。对2013—2016年4年内在该地区收集的奶牛流产胎儿、胎衣、阴道分泌物等243份病料进行布鲁菌的分离鉴定,结果分离出2株羊种2型布鲁菌和2株牛种3型布鲁菌。血清学调查及布鲁菌分离鉴定结果佐证了在该地区存在布鲁菌病,建议奶牛养殖场（户）和有关部门切实做好布鲁菌病的检疫及防控工作。     

华南军警犬结核病调查

采用结核菌素皮内变压反应试验，对广东、广西、两省（区）的军（警）犬进行了结核病调查。共检测９０只军（警）犬，其中广东５１只，广西３９只，共同结核病阳性８例，总阳性率为８．８９％；广东检出５例，阳性率为９．８０％；广西检出３例，阳性率为７．６９％     

Observations on diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in a deer herd

Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a herd of 62 fallow deer (Dama dama) and 38 sika deer (Cervus nipon) maintained in an animal park in Ohio. A comparison was made of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, results of in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation tests, and isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis on fecal culture in 19 deer.     

吉林、黑龙江两省梅花鹿布氏杆菌病的血清学调查

应用血清学方法,对我国吉林、黑龙江两省梅花鹿成年鹿群未注射布氏杆菌病疫苗的874份血清进行了血清抗体检测,其抗体阳性率分别为8.87%、2 6.39%。这一数据表明,吉林省和黑龙江省的鹿群中存在着布氏杆菌病的感染。同时只对不同性别的梅花鹿进行了血清抗体检测,结果表明,梅花鹿公鹿和母鹿对布氏杆菌均易感。此研究为今后有效的预防和治疗布氏杆菌病提供了临床理论依据     

同期发情技术在梅花鹿繁殖上的应用

应用进口孕激素类药物CIDR对 14 0只梅花鹿进行同期发情处理 ,采用定时 1次人工输精 ,其中 ,冻精输精 5 1只 ,受胎 35只 ,受胎率达 6 8 6 % ;鲜精输精 89只 ,受胎 4 7只 ,受胎率 5 2 8%。采用特制开腔器输精2 5只 ,受胎 11只 ,受胎率 4 4 % ;直肠把握法输精 115只 ,受胎 71只 ,受胎率 6 1 7% ,其平均双胎率达 2 3 2 %(19 82 )。对梅花鹿采用孕激素类药物 +促性腺激素的处理方法达到了发情同期化 ,并采用 1次定时人工输精 ,其平均受胎率达 5 8 6 % (82 14 0 )。     

北方三省区梅花鹿间布鲁氏菌病的流行病学调查

为了摸清布鲁氏菌病在我国北方吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古(东北部)三省区的流行、分布、危害程度等情况,在本调查中,以富有代表性的12个梅花鹿场共1014份血清样品作为研究对象,进行血清学(ELISA)检测,以期进一步为检疫、防疫部门制定防制措施提供科学的理论依据,以确保养鹿业的健康发展。     

Mycobacterial diseases of deer

The most significant mycobacterial diseases of free-living, captive and farmed deer are bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis), and avian tuberculosis, caused principally by M. avium subsp avium. The first case of M. bovis infection in farmed deer was identified in New Zealand in 1978. In 1983, a voluntary scheme was introduced in New Zealand to control tuberculosis in farmed deer, followed by a compulsory tuberculosis control scheme in 1990. The primary control measure is the slaughter of infected animals, detected by skin testing and blood testing, together with movement control and vector control. The number of infected deer herds peaked in the mid 1990s at over 160 herds, but by 30 June 2002 this had been reduced to 79 (1.45%), and to 67 (1.23%) by June 2003. Deer-to-deer transmission occurs, but the majority of herd breakdowns are believed to be from infected vectors. Factors likely to affect the susceptibility of deer include age, environment, population density, exposure and genetics. Avian tuberculosis occasionally causes clinical disease in wild, captive and farmed deer in New Zealand and overseas. Mycobacterium intracellulare, and subspecies of M. avium other than M. paratuberculosis, are widespread throughout New Zealand and are thought to be largely responsible for the high level of sensitisation to avian purified protein derivative (PPD), which is used for comparison purposes in tuberculosis skin testing of deer in this country. Infections with these organisms are usually subclinical in farmed deer, although M. avium subsp avium commonly causes lesions in retropharyngeal, mesenteric and ileocaecal lymph nodes. These lesions cause problems because of their gross and microscopic similarity to those due to M. bovis infection. Birds and domestic animals are most likely to become infected via environmental contamination of food, water, bedding litter or soil, while carnivores or scavengers may also become infected by ingesting infected carcasses. Johne's disease has been reported in deer in the wild and in zoos, especially in North America, the United Kingdom (UK) and Europe. Since first being confirmed in farmed deer in New Zealand in 1979, the incidence of Johne's disease has increased steadily. To date, M. paratuberculosis has been identified in >600 farmed deer on 300 properties. The majority of cases have been identified from suspected tuberculous lesions submitted from deer slaughter plants. Clinically, Johne's disease in deer is similar to the disease in sheep and cattle, with typical signs of loss of weight and condition, and diarrhoea. However, outbreaks of Johne's disease frequently occur in young red deer, 8-15 months of age, whereas the clinical disease in sheep and cattle is sporadic and usually affects adults 3-5 years of age. The disease is characterised by a chronic granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis, especially affecting the jejunum and ileum and the mesenteric lymph nodes. Deer affected subclinically may have lesions in these lymph nodes at slaughter, which are grossly indistinguishable from those due to bovine tuberculosis. Because of the antigenic similarity between M. intracellulare and all the subspecies of M. avium, including M. paratuberculosis, the diagnostic tests for Johne's disease lack sensitivity and specificity, making control difficult.     

Determination of nucleotide sequence of SRY gene in sika deer (Cervus nippon)

The aim of the present study was to determine the whole nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of the sex‐determining region Y (SRY‐ORF) in wild sika deer. The SRY gene of wild sika deer was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA from blood samples. The whole nucleotide sequence of the SRY‐ORF in wild sika deer consisted of 687 bp and encoded 229 deduced amino acids. In comparison with the bovine SRY gene, the percentage of nucleotide sequence homology was 91.0% in the overall ORF, and those of the N‐terminal, high mobility group (HMG) box, and C‐terminal regions within ORF were 88.9%, 96.2% and 87.9%, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of sika deer SRY‐ORF characterized in the present study can be used for phylogenetic analysis or sexing in wild sika deer.     

基于GBS技术对梅花鹿、马鹿及其杂交后代基因组SNP特征的分析

旨在利用基因分型测序（genotyping by sequencing,GBS）技术对梅花鹿、马鹿及其杂交后代（F1、F2）基因组的SNP特征进行分析。本试验采用GBS技术对梅花鹿（63个）、马鹿（12个）及其杂交后代（F1代112个,F2代38个,未知类型个体1个）共226个个体的血液基因组DNA进行测序,并利用本实验室前期110只梅花鹿、197只马鹿和1只F1代杂交鹿的测序数据,以梅花鹿全基因组为参考序列进行比对分析。结果,226个个体共产生Clean data 322.683 Gb,平均每个样品1 427.802 Mb;将所有样本作为一个群体检测SNP变异,共检测出SNP位点23 943 582个,质控过滤后得到SNP位点31 630个。对31 630个SNPs使用最大似然（maximum likelihood,ML）法构建的分子进化树显示,梅花鹿、马鹿、F1及F2代区分明显。对梅花鹿和马鹿的SNPs进行比对分析,筛选出可用于鉴别马鹿、梅花鹿、F1、F2的物种特异SNP位点1 032个（马鹿特异SNP位点474个,梅花鹿特异SNP位点558个）,计算结果显示,F1代个体包含马鹿特异SNPs的比例主要在40%~60%之间,F2代个体含马鹿特异SNPs的比例主要在10%~30%之间,马鹿个体中不含梅花鹿的特异SNPs,梅花鹿中55.49%的个体不含马鹿特异SNPs,17.34%的个体含马鹿特异SNPs的比例低于1%,13.29%的个体含马鹿特异SNPs的比例在1%~10%之间,其余个体含马鹿特异SNPs的比例为10%~20%（其中有一个个体含马鹿特异SNPs的比例为33.3%）。该研究为花马杂交鹿后代的鉴定提供了可靠标记,并定量估计了F1和F2代个体含马鹿特异SNPs的比例,马鹿个体中不含梅花鹿的特异SNPs,这对梅花鹿、马鹿及其杂交后代（F1、F2）的鉴别具有重要意义。     

冷冻稀释液中添加大豆卵磷脂对梅花鹿冻融精子质量的影响

【目的】 探究在冷冻稀释液中添加大豆卵磷脂代替10%卵黄对梅花鹿精液冷冻保存效果的影响,为梅花鹿人工授精体系的完善提供参考。【方法】 采用电刺激法采集梅花鹿精液,以精液冷冻稀释液中分别添加1%、2%、3%、4%和5%大豆卵磷脂代替10%卵黄作为试验组,添加20%卵黄作为对照组,分别进行各组精液冷冻保存。5 d后,进行精液解冻,检测解冻后各组精子的活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率、线粒体活性、存活时间,筛选合适浓度的大豆卵磷脂。选取4~5岁健康雌性梅花鹿,肌肉注射300 IU孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）和0.4 mg氯前列醇钠进行同期发情处理,发情后第20 h用20%卵黄组与筛选出的大豆卵磷脂组冻精进行人工输精,输精后30 d使用B超检测仪检测妊娠情况,统计妊娠率。【结果】 与对照组相比,1%大豆卵磷脂组冻融后的精子活力、向前活动力、快速前进活力、活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率及线粒体活性均显著提高（P<0.05）;随着稀释液中大豆卵磷脂浓度的增加,其冻融后精子活力、向前活动力、快速前进活力、活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率以及线粒体活性呈下降趋势,精子存活时间也随浓度的增加而减少。1%大豆卵磷脂组冻融精子人工授精梅花鹿的妊娠率为61.11%,高于对照组、2%和3%大豆卵磷脂组,但差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】 在梅花鹿精子冷冻稀释液中添加1%大豆卵磷脂替代10%卵黄,能有效提高梅花鹿冻融精子的质量,为进一步筛选新型梅花鹿精液冷冻稀释液提供理论基础。     

西丰梅花鹿品种选育研究和推广效果

采用个体表型选择种鹿、单公群母配种和大群闭锁繁育的方法,并应用对幼鹿的科学培育和选育鹿科学饲养管理等综合配套技术,经过193 1～1973年7个世代家养舍饲繁育、1974年选定系祖鹿建立选育群和育种核心群至1995年3个世代的连续系统选育,由源于东北梅花鹿和地方品种的西丰梅花鹿品种,在西丰县育才等4个参茸场育成了半山区舍饲型的3 60 1只西丰梅花鹿品种,其中,核心群鹿92 9只,占2 5 8%。该品种具有体貌相对一致,体型中等,体质结实,鲜茸平均单产3 2 0 5kg,成品茸平均单产1 2 5 9kg,茸的支头大,嘴头肥大,优质率高( 70. 9% ) ,畸型茸率低( 7.6% ) ,繁殖成活率77 .8% ,生产利用年限10年,遗传性状稳定,茸重的遗传力为0.49,重复力0. 63 ,产仔日期重复力0 .68,种用年限2.2年,鲜茸重的遗传进展5 19g,年改进量89g ,F1的杂种优势率茸重性状13.0 4% ,繁殖成活率的为18.94% ,选育的第Ⅲ世代年只均新增纯收益成年公鹿10 3 0元,成年母鹿790元,已获经济效益12 2 1万元,科研投资年均纯收益率5 .63元/元;又经1996～2 0 0 4年在本县和2 0多个省、市、自治区上百家万余只的推广应用表明,西丰梅花鹿的生产性能和遗传性能稳定,稳产高产高效,年只均创净效益成年公鹿15 0 0元,成年母鹿160 0元,其杂交改良效果,尤其是与双阳     

The emergence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in farmed deer in New Zealand - a review of 619 cases

AIM: To review cases in which Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was identified in farmed deer in New Zealand. METHODS: Case histories were reviewed where M. paratuberculosis was identified in deer by either culture or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using primers from IS900. RESULTS: Between 1986 and 2000, M. paratuberculosis was identified by bacterial culture and/or PCR in 619 farmed deer from 299 herds, representing approximately 6% of deer herds in New Zealand. Over 85% of cases were identified during the last 6 years. In 60% of the infected herds, only one infected animal was identified. The maximum number of cases identified in a single deer herd was 47, and these were identified over a period of 8 years. Only 36 (5.8%) cases came from clinically affected animals identified on farms by veterinarians. The majority (89.7%) of the 619 cases were identified from lesions in mesenteric lymph nodes, including the ileocaecal lymph nodes, identified at meat inspection as being macroscopically either typical or equivocal of bovine tuberculosis (M. bovis). While the overwhelming majority of lesions were identified in mesenteric lymph nodes, M. paratuberculosis was also identified in 27 lesions in lymph nodes of the head, especially the retropharyngeal lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: The figures presented underestimate the true prevalence of infection with M. paratuberculosis, especially since not all suspect cases were submitted for culture or PCR. However, they do show that M. paratuberculosis appears to be spreading in farmed deer in New Zealand and highlight the possibility that Johne's disease is emerging as a potential major problem affecting this species. Identification of the organism by bacterial culture or PCR is required in many cases to distinguish lesions in mesenteric lymph nodes and lymph nodes of the head caused by M. paratuberculosis from those caused by M. bovis and M. avium.