兽医器械的内涵与外延

对一个事物内涵与外延的界定是了解该事物的基础,尤其是在法规体系的构建过程中,一个清晰、明确、无歧义的定义更是立法和执法的基本依据。文章通过对兽医器械产生背景的追溯,对各国医疗器械内涵和外延的分析,结合我国兽医器械行业现状,对兽医器械进行了初步定义,明确其内涵和外延,以期为兽医器械立法工作提供借鉴。     

抗生素的安全使用

在兽医临床中使用抗生素类药物应注意以下几点：（1）严格掌握适应症,弄清致病微生物的种类及动物对药物的敏感性。动物对一些抗生素也有过敏反应,也应当进行皮试,有条件时应做药敏试验,为了减少损失,对一些敏感性强的名种畜,宜皮试为好。这样既可对症下药,又可节省用药,减少开支;（2）注意用量及疗程,应根据药物作用和对动物的药动学特点,制定给药方案与剂量。     

国家兽药产品电子追溯体系建设与思考

回顾国家兽药产品电子追溯的背景和发展历程,提出国家兽药产品电子追溯体系的概念和框架,介绍生产环节、经营环节、监管环节和使用环节开展兽药电子追溯的业务流程,对兽药电子追溯体系建设和应用进行思考,展望兽药电子追溯体系的发展前景,为智慧兽药监管奠定基础。     

Veterinary practitioners in rural Australia: a national survey

OBJECTIVES: To assess the attitudes of Australian veterinarians to issues related to rural veterinary practice. METHODS: A questionnaire was completed by 1367 AVA members, and the data were analysed using the SAS System for Windows 7.0. RESULTS: The country lifestyle and the type of work were seen as major advantages for rural practitioners, and long working hours and after hours demands coupled with sexist attitudes in the case of women, were seen as the main disadvantages. Remuneration, the tiring and often dangerous nature of the work, and social and professional isolation were also seen as major disadvantages. Personal qualities, including the ability to relate to rural people and to fit into rural communities were seen as the most important qualities for a veterinarian in rural practice. The future of rural practitioners was seen to be closely linked to their ability to contribute to the financial viability of the whole animal enterprise and to the fortunes of the rural industries. Companion animals were also seen as a key part of the future work of rural practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: Rural practitioners are characterised by a strong commitment to rural life and work, and they will increasingly be required to contribute to the financial viability of the whole animal enterprise. The full range of professional skills required are likely to be beyond the scope of the undergraduate veterinary course, but the internet and other modern forms of distance education should help practitioners to acquire relevant skills.     

从飞行检查看兽用生物制品企业GMP管理

总结分析了兽用生物制品GMP飞行检查中发现的问题及产生原因,并从强化企业GMP管理理念、提升企业技术能力、加强监管等方面提出了提高兽用生物制品企业GMP管理水平的建议。     

The role of lectures in veterinary education

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of lectures from the perspective of staff and students involved in the veterinary course at The University of Queensland. METHODS: The Nominal Group Technique of Delbecq et al, which provides the maximum opportunity for group members to put forward points, was used to help develop a questionnaire which was completed by 351 students (a response rate of 84%) and 35 staff (76%) from the five years of the veterinary course, and was analysed using the SAS System for Windows. RESULTS: Almost all the staff and students agreed that lectures should fulfil many roles including stimulating and motivating students and encouraging them to think, as well as presenting ideas and concepts and an indication of the structure and relevance of the material. They should provide a guide for effective deep learning, but not encourage rote (or superficial) learning. A smaller percentage of staff and even fewer students agreed that lectures did fulfil these roles, especially those directed at encouraging students to look beyond simple memorisation of facts. The perceived disparity between reality and the ideal was greater amongst the older, clinical students than amongst their more junior colleagues. CONCLUSIONS: The focus of attention in lectures needs to change from the superficial, rote learning of information to deep, active learning directed at using information to solve problems that are perceived by the students to be relevant. If done in a stimulating and interesting way, this should develop skills in reasoning and critical analysis as well as providing a framework for storage and recall. It should also increase the motivation towards learning both during the veterinary course, and over the professional lifetime. Furthermore, the place of the lecture in veterinary education needs to be reassessed regularly in the face of newly-emerging educational technology.     

兽医超声诊断仪技术要点及质量评价

兽医超声诊断仪是用于动物妊娠和疾病诊断等的重要兽医器械,应用日益广泛。梳理兽医超声诊断仪的技术要点,分析影响其性能的质量评价指标,对制定产品行业标准、加强质量检验和行业管理具有一定的指导意义。     

中国兽用化学药品生产企业研发状况调查分析

知识产权是兽药企业重要的无形资产,新药品研发在很大程度上决定兽药企业的竞争力。通过对21省市96家兽用化学药品生产企业的研发状况进行调查分析结果显示,虽然企业主观上重视新产品研发,但客观上研发投入总量偏低。影响企业研发积极性的原因主要有研发周期长、费用高、保护期短、企业研发人员数量与能力不足以及新药评审咨询服务缺乏。由此建议政府加大扶持力度,设置新药研发基金或给予奖励;延长保护期,并进行分类保护;鼓励企业与科研院校、企业之间联合研发;建立规范的新药研发指导与评审咨询服务体系。     

关于兽药产品批准文号分级分类审批管理的思考

从管理法规、工作程序、审批情况等方面总结了兽药产品批准文号管理现状,从4个方面分析了工作中存在的突出问题并提出了解决对策,建议对兽药产品批准文号实行分级分类审批管理,将部分兽药产品批准文号审批权下放地方政府,提出了具体的实现路径,并测算了预期工作量,以期为推进兽药管理行政审批制度改革提供参考.     

加拿大兽药管理体系及其对我国的启示

全面概述了加拿大的兽药管理体系,包括加拿大的兽药定义、主要管理机构及其职责和任务、兽药管理的法律法规和主要内容等,进而对加拿大在兽药管理制度及体系方面的改革和完善进程做一简要介绍,为我国兽药法制化管理的进一步发展提供了可借鉴的信息。     

Criteria used by employers to select new graduate employees

OBJECTIVE: To find out what criteria and methods are used by Australian employers to select new graduates to work in their practices. DESIGN: Questionnaires were completed by 258 employers and the responses were analysed using the SAS system. RESULTS: During selection, employers placed most reliance on formal interviews or visits to the practice. These occasions were used to assess the applicant's personal qualities including their ability to interact effectively with clients and colleagues. Employers used resumes mainly in selection of applicants to interview and many discounted nominated referees as being insufficiently critical. Academic knowledge was regarded as less important than personal qualities and very few employers reported using gender as a basis for selection. CONCLUSIONS: Senior veterinary students need to be aware of the importance placed by employers on interpersonal skills and personal qualities and should make every effort to engage in practical work, paid work and other activities that will help develop these attributes. They should be conscious that practitioners with whom they work may be contacted by potential employers and they should learn to present themselves realistically in a resume.     

对官方兽医体系构架的设想

随着国家官方兽医制度的推行,各地也在加快官方兽医管理体制和队伍建设。但在实践中的官方兽医登记制度下,人员数量无法满足现实兽医工作的需要,造成官方兽医制度的推行面临瓶颈。本文借兽医立法调研为契机,结合基层工作实际,对今后官方兽医体系构架提出个人的设想,以期对兽医体制的改革和兽医立法工作提供参考。     

高校兽医实验室资质认定体系建设与运行分析

高校兽医实验室唯有通过实验室资质认定,才能开展动物检疫、兽医流行病学调查等社会的服务工作,提供具有法律效力与权威性的检测数据。浙江农林大学动物健康检测中心于2015年成为全国高校系统兽医领域首个通过资质认定的第三方检测实验室,其检测范围从最初19项动物疫病检测项目发展到现在145项,年检测量4万项次以上,出具检测报告200余份。依据最新要求及高校实际情况,本文从资质认定体系的建立、试运行、资质认定评审及体系的正式运行等方面,创新性阐述了高校兽医实验室资质认定体系建立与运行的全过程,为计划开展资质认定的高校兽医实验室提供参考。     

兽药产品二维码信息自动化采集的实践与探索

为解决国家兽药产品追溯信息系统中大批量药品二维码信息自动化采集问题,通过四种不同采集方案的比较发现,线外旋转定位采集法是一种稳定、精确的二维码信息采集方法。     

Relieving veterinarians' workloads and stress: leveraging Australia's veterinary technologists and nurses

Like the rest of the world, Australia is in the throes of a dire shortage of veterinarians, while the demand for veterinary professional services grows. This combination has a very real impact on veterinarians' workload and stress, with significant mental health impacts. Times have changed in our profession and it is time for a change in our practice. We need to look at a different way of managing veterinary workloads and demands and, in particular, better utilise our paraprofessional staff. It is the solution right under our noses embracing our veterinary technologists and nurses.     

中兽药注射剂与其他兽用注射剂的配伍

分析和总结了目前在兽医临床上应用越来越多的中兽药注射剂与其他兽用注射剂的配伍问题，提出一些可供兽医临床工作者在应用中兽药注射剂时的参考建议，为兽医工作者临床合理用药提供技术指导。     

兽用中药提取物发展与管理研究

深入剖析了兽用中药提取物的作用、定位,研究其发展与管理中存在的问题,为破解“以购代产”难题,维护中兽药健康有序发展,提出广泛建立标准,探索生产、管理新模式,发展配方颗粒,推动兽用中药提取物创新发展。     

兽医科学中病毒受体的研究进展

病毒受体在宿主细胞和病毒的相互作用中起着重要的作用。受体的特性与病毒的宿主范围和组织特异性密切相关,是病毒致病性的关键因素之一。随着分子生物学、细胞生物学、病毒学等学科的发展及新技术的出现,病毒受体研究逐渐成为相关领域的研究热点,其的研究结果可以为阻断病毒与受体的结合提供基础理论,进一步为病毒性疾病的预防与治疗、抗病毒新药物以及疫苗的研制提供新的思路。     

A REVIEW OF DRUGS THAT MAY BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH RADIOTHERAPY*

The purpose of this review is to familiarize veterinarians with basic information regarding various combinations of drugs that have been used to attempt to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Most of the drugs utilized function as either adjuvants, radioprotectors, radiosensitizers, or immunostimulants. Examples of these agents and their limitations in clinical veterinary radiotherapy are discussed.