CJL精滤机油滤清器在渔船上的试验

Model CTL final lube oil filter has been successfully developed by Fishing Vessel Factory of NO 2 Fishing Company in Zhou Shan, Zhejiang province on the basis of ““absorption and ““digestion““ of imported equipment. It has a good performance since its operation on fishing vessel for several thousand hours and bench test in Shanghai Combustion Engine Institute. The technical specifications of the fibrous filter gauze are close and up to those of same kind of foreign product, and satisfaotory resuitso have been obtained from its practical use on motorized junk by Zhejiang Marine Fishery Institute.     

西北太平洋柔鱼渔情速报系统的开发

The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, is one of the most important jig fisheries in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In order to understand the movement of O. bartrami fishing-ground better and supply O. bartrami fishing-ground information for Chinese fishing boats in the northwest Pacific ocean, the fishing condition analysis and forecasting system of O. bartrami was developed successfully. The system was based on established comprehensive database, which included the catch data of O. bartrami (total yields, count of total fishing boats, fishing position etc. ) and oceanic environmental information (SST, SST gradient etc. ). Artificial intelligent technology about case-based reasoning was also combined with GIS component technology successfully in the system. The process and function of system establishment are composed of four parts: setting up of case database for central fishing-ground and its environmental factors, knowledge reasoning of fishery information, GIS visualization analyzing as well as trend forecasting of central fishing-ground and information production mapping. At last as an example of the results, an experimental central fishing-ground forecasting of O. bartrami from 9 to 15 in July 2002 in the northwest Pacific Ocean was given in the paper. The results showed that through three class similar searching forecasting central fishing-ground would move west, and indicating that forecasting of the system for O. bartrami central fishing-ground was correct by comparing to real fishing-ground from 16 to 22 in July 2002. Consequently, artificial intelligent expert system technology about case-based reasoning is a useful method for fishing condition and fishing-ground forecasting.     

鲍遗传育种研究进展

Abalones are important farming species with a high economic value. They have already been farmed for more than 50 years. As problems and new requirements rose continuously in culture industry of abalone, studies on genetic and breeding techniques are needed to improve characteristics and to gain new traits. This review concentrates on advances in genetics and breeding techniques in abalone. As for genetic studies, karyological analyses, allozyme, DNA markers and genetic diversity were reviewed. So far, karyological analyses in abalone have been performed in 12 species that can be divided into three groups according to the chromosome number. In some economically important species, loci of allozymes and. microsatellites have been isolated and applied to investigate the genetic structure of natural and hatchery populations and to identify the result of chromosome set manipulation, but the related reports are only a few yet. The resultsof investigation with DNA markers and allozymes showed that the genetic structure of natural populations presents two characteristics: excessive homozygosity and subdivision. Advances of various breeding techniques, including introduction, selection,hybridization, polyploidy, gynogenesis and gene manipulation, were reviewed in the other part. Although Haliotis discus discus, introduced from Japan, has become one of the most important culture species in China, the economic, social and environmental effects of introduction have been rarely studied. Selection is one of the most important and basic breeding techniques, but the studies on selection are only a few and preliminary, referring to the relations between genetic characteristics and the traits of growth and resistance, genetic diversity and heritability of quantitative traits, and the effect of selection. Interspecific hybridization was the first breeding program carded out in abalone. Experimental hybridization have been carded out for about 20 crosses. Heterosis,such as faster growth and high survival rate, has been observed in some crosses. Triploids have been successfully induced in many species of abalone with physical or chemical shock, e.g.H, discus hannai, H. rufescens, H.diversicolor diversicolor and H. rnidae. Field experiments were conducted in some species of triploid abalone. In comparison with triploid, the research on tetraploid is still in quest stage. The progress of induction of gynogenesis in abalone is quite slow. Conditions of sperm inactivation, diploid restoration and nuclear behavior of gynogenetically activated eggs have been researched on in H. discus han nai. Notwithstanding the gene transfer technology in abalone is in the quest stage, the research have already involved preparation of exogenic DNA,means of gene transfer, identification integration and expression of target gene, etc. Three research directions in these topics were proposed : to investigate the germplasm resources of abalone deeply and widely, to make use of traditional breeding methods and modem biotechnique synthetically, and to combine the science research with production practice.     

桁拖网捕虾技术推广研究总结

In order to extend the scientific and technical results of beam trawl with double bags for fishing shrimp to the whole fishermen in Haimen county, a summary of the further research of the technigue was given.     

ABSTRACTS AND KEY WORDS

Fisheries Resource Utilization of Main Fishing Gears in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea
Abstract fishing capacity stow net, trawl in order to find the Yellow Sea Surveys for catch structure and of main type of fishing gears such as and gillnet were conducted in 2009 out the fishery resource utilization in and Bohai Sea.     

Twenty years of cooperation——A brief history of the"Bei Dou"project

A visit to China in September1980 by the then Norwegian Prime Minister,Mr.Odvar Nordli,initiatedthe present cooperation between fisheries institutions in China and Norway. The Prime Minister's delegationwas informed about the programme for economic reconstruction of China,a programme that also included amodernization of the fishing sector. As a support to the open door policy and the new development,Norwayoffered to donate a fisheries research vessel to China.Such a vessel could be used …     

鱼类几种新型免疫因子的研究进展

Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins that serve as chemical messengers within the innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, great progresses have been made in fish cytokine researches. A number of cytokine genes have been cloned and sequenced in fish. This review will focus on a number of novel immune-related cytokines including interleukin, interferon, interferon regulatory factors, Myxovirus resistance proteins, transforming growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, chemokines (CC and CXC chemokines), NK dell enhancement factor, MHCⅠ, MHCⅡ and some of their receptors, which have been identified in many fish species recently. Their genes and molecular structures are clarified. These cytokines are evolutionary well conserved. They share high identities at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels with the high vertebrate cytokines, and maintain characteristic structural motifs of those higher vertebrates. The function of some cytokine genes are analyzed in conventional manner by production of recombinant molecules. Several fish cytokines have been identified based on functional similarity to, or cross-reactivity with, mammalian cytokines. Moreover, molecular techniques, such as suppression subtractive hybridization, PCR and cDNA library screening, have recently enabled the identification of fish cytokine genes. Because of fish phylogenetic position and the fact that their immune systems have not been elaborated to the extent seen in mammals, progresses in this field will deepen our understanding of the molecular origins of cytokine genes and extend our knowledge on their mechanisms conferring disease resistance and the recombinant cytokines to control fish diseases.     

韶关市北江水系水利枢纽对鱼类繁殖的影响

The fish spawning ground had been investigated on the Beijiang River near Shaoguan city and the influence on fishes breeding from 7 dam had been estimated.Main result are as follows:the four dam building and designed will result in a big destruction.including disrupt the fish migration(Mengli Dam and ChangshanDam),the fish spawning ground disappear(below Zhangtan Dam).a huge destruction in Ankou fish spawning ground by Changan Dam and a serious of damage on grass lying -egg species will caused by Wantou Dam,especially for catifish Mystus suttatus.On the other hand Zhangtan Dam,Kongiiang Dam,and Menzhou Dam obstructed the fish exchange between upstream and lower stream,however a large water surface became before the dam supported a better condition for fish growth,it seems balance in positive and negative action.The conclusion is that those dam building or designed would be stop or delay in order to maintain fish population and aquatic ecological balance.     

其他

941344 渔船上大型附着无脊椎动的群落结构的初步研究=Preliminary study of themacrofouling invertebrate community on a wooden fishing vessel[刊,英]/程一骏,陈天任//J.Fish.Soc.Taiwan.—1993,20(3).—269—271     

水产食品特定腐败菌与货架期的预测和延长

Fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products are welcome by the global market, however, they are also among the most perishable food products. The research on specific spoilage organisms (SSO) reveals the spoilage process of aquatic product. This paper reviews the current knowledge (past ten years) on SSO of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products with particular emphasis on characteristics of SSO and how to apply this concept to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of aquatic product. During storage, the microflora changes owing to different abilities of the microorganisms to tolerate the preservation conditions. SSO is defined as special microorganisms which can increase rapidly during preservation and has the ability to produce off- odours and off- flavours associated with spoilage, and spoilage metabolites. Identification of an SSO relies on comparison of the sensory and chemical characteristics of spoiled product with those of isolates from the spoilage microflora. Generally, the SSO of fresh fish may be a single species or genus, but the ones of lightly preserved fish products will be more complex. One exciting area for use of SSO aims to obtain quantitative knowledge about probable behavior of SSO and their function during the progression of spoilage. Thus mathematical models on the growth of SSO are established to evaluate the quality lost degree of product, which provide a sound information for the rational development of devices to monitor loss of products shelf life. Models for the growth of Pseudomonas spp, S. putrefaciens, P. phosphoreum have been established, and validated for shelf life prediction of seafood successfully. Another application field of SSO intends to develop the techniques to prolong the shelf life of food products by inhibiting SSO targetedly. Targeted inhibition of spoilage bacteria during preservation reduces their growth and results in a significant extension of shelf life in despite of the activity of non - spoilage organisms has not been influenced. Such techniques have been applied in perversion field of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish.     

鱼类白细胞介素1β基因的研究概况

Interleukin-1β(IL-1β) is one of the most pleiotropic cytokines and a central regulator of the immune and inflammatory responses. Interleukin-1β was initially discovered within mice and humans and over the last 10 years has been characterized within a wide variety of animals. The IL-1β plays a key role in the inflammatory process, enhancing cell-mediated immunity by inducing the growth and proliferation of lymphocytes, connective tissue cells, and by stimulating immune and inflammatory response effector cells.As an immunoregulatory cytokine, IL-1β has the potential to enhance the immune response induced by a vaccine and/or to modulate the immune response leading to different effector mechanisms. It is produced by many cell types, including monocytes, macrophages,T and B lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Expression is induced by a diverse range of stimuli, including mitogens, cytokines, and microbial products. There have been considerable evidences provided by biological cross reaction that fish produce IL-1β during immune responses, and the bioactivity of IL-1 in fish has been known for over a decade. But only. since 1999,IL-1β gene has been cloned from the rainbow trout. And from then on, IL-1β gene has been cloned and expressed in many fish confirming that fish produces IL-1β gene during immune responses. In mammals it is produced as an inactive precursor that is processed by interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) to give a biologically active ‘mature‘ peptide. There is no signal peptide in IL-1β and its mechanism is unknown. This is the special part of the gene structure of the IL-1β. And through the program analyzing, we found this special structure in fish IL-1β gene. This paper reviews the functions and structure of gene IL-1β and the studies of the gene IL-1β in fish recently.     

水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景

The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here.     

鱼类粘膜免疫研究进展

Fish immunology has achieved great progress in recent years. While before 1990s, most researches focused on the fish systematic immunity, and the mucosal immunity of fish had not been given enough attention. Indeed, it has been shown that fish mucosal immunity plays an important role in disease defense. Fish mucosal immunity research has made some exciting progress in this decade. This review will focus on such progress: Constitution of mucosal-associated tissues and distribution of different immune cells, including T/B lymphocytes, granules, monocytes, macrophages, goblet cells, etc, in these sites have been well described with the development of some monoclonal antibody to these cells and associated techniques. Non-specific immune response mechanism of mucosal tissues reported these years, such as secretion of non-specific anti-bacteria and anti-fungi substances in mucus, the respiratory burst, enzyme activity of immune cells and so on, is believed important for fish disease defense. The specific immunity of mucosal tissues also attracts much interest and makes great achievement in antigen presenting, MHC genes, antibody producing and antibody secreting cells, comparison of serum and mucus immunoglobulin, relationships of immune response between different mucosal immune tissues. Whether mucosal immune system is independent of systematic immune system is another interesting question and causes great concern. In recent years, some evidences from phyletic evolution and ontogenesis show that mucosal immunity is prior to systematic immunity in evolution. Dynamics of antibody producing of mucosal tissues and serum in immersion or oral vaccines immunized fish also shows immune response can be elicited in mucosal tissues independent of systematic immune system. Some researchers also begin to pay attention to factors involved in mucosal immune regulations, for instance, neuromodulators and cytokines. The level of these factors changes in fish immune response process but the mechanisms of regulation still remain unknown. Prospect of the promising future of fish mucosal immunity has also been discussed in this review.     

渔用英语(四)

<正> 1.There is season off.please keepaway.这里现在是休渔期,请离开。2.Do not shoot a fishing gear aheadme,please.请不要在我船首方向放网。3.Your fishing gear has fouled myvessel,please stop.你船的网具已与我船纠缠,请停车。4.I will release fishing gear.youhaul in,please.     

鱼粉在水产饲料中的应用研究

As a main protein source in aquafeeds, fish meal has been extensively studied. Fish sources, freshness, processing temperature, lipid quality and microbiological index are five main aspects of the evaluation of fish meal quality. This paper reviewed the researches on fish meal including the evaluation of fish meal quality, the use of fishmeal and the environmental problems. Biogenic amine is the main potential toxin in decomposed fish meal including mainly histamine, cadaverine, putrescine and tyramine and most studies showed that they could affect the fish growth performance and health. The determination of protein digestibility of fish meal includes pepsin-digestion method, animal test, capillary electrophoresis, etc. The content of phosphorus in fish meal and its utilization can introduce pollution to water bodies and the use of alternative protein and improvement of utilization of fish meal can help to reduce the pollution from fish meal.     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

我国对虾配合饵科研究概况

Based upon the optimum amount of nutrition (protein, fats, sugar and inorganic salt of prawn, a brief account on the research of mixed feed for prawn, the existing problems and suggestions have been given.     

动植物蛋白源替代鱼粉研究进展

With the fast development of aquaculture, fish meal needs increased in recent years, however the quantity of fish catching decreases gradually. Fishmeal is a limited feed resource, and serious concem exists on the future availability of this feedstuff for incorporation in fish diets. Undoubtedly, fish meal is well recognized as the best dietary protein source for most marine carnivorous fishes which required high dietary protein levels compared to omnivorous or herbivorous fish. Fishmeal is known for their high content of essential amino acids and fatty acids, low carbohydrates, high digestibility, low levels of anti-nutritional factors (for fresh fish meal) and is a very good source of minerals and is highly palatable. Thus fish meal is in high demand as the protein source for many formulated diets. However, production of fish meal consumes approximately 35 % of the total global fish catch, and the increasing price and potentially unstable supply in the market could be limiting factors for marine fish culture. There have been strong efforts to define and develop cost-effective protein sources that can, at least partly, substitute for expensive high-quality fish meals in least-cost feed formulations. The search for fish meal substitutes and altemative dietary protein sources is an international research priority that could be of considerable economic advantages. Therefore it is urgent task to find animal and plant protein sources in place of fish meal. Among these, plant feedstuffs have received most attention in recent years, but due to their amino acid unbalances, .presence of anti-nutritional factors and low palatability, a high level of replacement of fish meal with plant feedstuffs in omnivorous fish is generally not well accepted. This paper reviews the research status for other protein sources replacing fish meal based on available information in the literature. Animal and plant protein sources nutrient values are evaluated from the aspect of digestibility, antinutrients, physiological status and suitable supplementation.     

黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究

In order to protect scientifically the fishery resources and eco-environment of Yellow River , nine investigatioins on hydrobios in the middle and upper reaches of main Yellow River had been carried out since 2002 according to The Standard for the investigation of inland fishery resources. The investigations showed the present status of the fishery resources in these reaches are as follows ：87species （genera）and 8 phylum of phytoplankton,42 species and 6 phylum of zooplankton, 14 species（genera） of banthic organism , 5 species of hydroplant, 38 species of fish. A comparative analysis,With the results of ＂the Yellow River Fishery Resources Survey in 1982＂,shows that the general trend of the plankton is that the average biomass is getting apparently decreased, the aboriginal fishes are endangered intensifically, and there must be some problem of aquatic biological invasion in these reaches. A granual miniaturization of fishes in main Yellow River has been noticed. The authors proposed to carry out investigation and researches on hydrobios resources in main Yellow River , and develop plans to protect the fishery resources in yellow River, which will be an important basis for rehabilitation of the Yellow River waters and it＇s ecological environment, for the maintenance of biological diversity of Yellow River＇s waters. And this work will be of great significance for people＇s life and sustainable development of economics in Yellow River basin.     

Numerical simulation of circulation in the Laizhou Bay

IntroductionAs part of the Bei Dou Fisheries Research and Managements project(1997- 2 0 0 0 ) ,the Institute of MarineResearch participated in a collaborative study with the Yellow Seas Fisheries Institute on approaches to thedevelopment of theoretical models as tools for assessing the carrying capacity of bivalve production.The In-stitute of Marine Research has in recent years engaged in relatively extensive activity on numerical modellingof coastal oceans. To demonstrate some of the po…