60%三环唑·稻瘟灵可湿性粉剂高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇＋水（v/v）为流动相,使用250mm×4.6 mm（i.d）InertsilODS-SP 5μm不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在280 nm波长下对工作者60%三环唑·稻瘟灵WP进行分离和定量分析。结果表明三环唑·稻瘟灵的标准偏差分别为0.053和0.051;变异系数分别为0.13%和0.23%;线性相关系数分别为0.9998和0.9999;平均回收率分别为97.97%和96.00%。用上述方法分析三环唑·稻瘟灵复配制剂具有较好的精密度、较高的准确度和良好的线性相关性。     

25%吡唑·毒氟磷悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析方法研究

采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇+水溶液为流动相、250mm×4.6mm(id)Agilent C_(18)色谱柱和紫外检测器,在250nm波长、柱温30℃和进样体积5μL条件下,对毒氟磷和吡唑醚菌酯进行定量分析。结果表明,毒氟磷的紫外吸收标准曲线方程为v=6 166 587.557 1x+79 698.995 7、吡唑醚菌酯的紫外吸收标准曲线方程为v=2 476 571.638 9x+26 998.154 9:毒氟磷和吡唑醚菌酯标准方程的线性相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 9,有效成分的平均值为20.41%和5.34%,标准偏差为0.09和0.03,变异系数为0.46%和0.55%,平均回收率为99.91%和100.21%。     

20%马拉硫磷·辛硫磷乳油液相色谱分析方法研究

用HPLC分析20%马拉硫磷·辛硫磷乳油,色谱条件如下:250mm×4.6mm(id)不锈钢柱,内装YWG-C18(10μm)填充物;流动相:甲醇 水=77.5 22.5(V/V);流速:1.0mL/min;检测:波长225nm。本方法马拉硫磷和辛硫磷在1μg～16μg进样范围内和峰面积呈线性。相关系数(r)>0.9995。马拉硫磷和辛硫磷分析的回收率在98.5%～101.4%之间,变异系数<2%。     

杠柳萃取物对小菜蛾幼虫的毒杀活性研究

以杠柳Periploca sepium Bunge的根为材料进行甲醇超声波提取,粗提物以水/氯仿(1:1,v/v)萃取获得杠柳根氯仿萃取物。测定了萃取物对小菜蛾Plutella xyllostellaL.3龄幼虫的胃毒和触杀活性。实验结果显示,在50μg/头剂量处理下24h和48h后,氯仿萃取物对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的胃毒死亡率分别为82.22%和92.59%,显著高于触杀死亡率58.89%和68.15%。这一结果表明,杠柳根中含有对小菜蛾幼虫具有较强胃毒作用的活性成分。     

农药原药和制剂的分析——CIPAC 1C 卷的分析方法(续)

20.苯报徽胶(d kblo加.城 高效液相色谱法,紫外检侧器似PLc一Uv一25如m).色谱柱:sPherisorb0Ds,5”m,125 x 4 mm(i.d.);柱温:30℃;流动相:乙睛一水=48+52(v/v);流速:1.sml/min;保留时间:苯氟磺胺6.gmin. 21.2产ee滴丙酸(dk枷印均p) (l)气相色谱法,见16.2,4一滴的方法(l).其不同之处:色谱柱:2.5%APiczonL/ChromosorbG;柱温:150℃;保留时间:2,4一滴丙酸18.4min;内标物:苯甲酸苯醋. (2)仲裁方法:高效液相色谱法,紫外检侧器扭PLCeeUV一280nln).色谱柱:户BondaPakq。,10拌m,300x”mm(i.d.);柱温:22℃;流动相:甲醇-乙酸盐缓冲溶液(1.3692.…     

苯醚甲环唑10％水分散粒剂的高效液相色谱分析方法

采用高效液相色谱法,使用Nova-PaKC18150mm×4.6mm不锈钢色谱柱,以甲醇∶水=95∶5(V/V)为流动相,在检测波长254nm、流速为0.6mL/min条件下,苯醚甲环唑与杂质能较好分离。该方法回收率为99.45%~100.43%,相对标准偏差0.79%,变异系数为0.46%。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方陆朴微乳剂中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定复方陆朴微乳剂中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的方法。样品经85℃水浴去除溶剂后,加入甲醇溶解超声处理30 min、过滤,取滤液,测定其中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量。色谱条件:采用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.5%磷酸-甲醇、流速为0.70 mL/min、检测波长为294 nm、柱温30℃,进样量10μL。结果表明:厚朴酚在0.074~0.518μg/mL(r=0.999 7)、和厚朴酚在0.152~1.064μg/mL(r=0.999 8)范围内,其质量浓度和峰面积之间均呈良好的线性关系;厚朴酚的添加回收率在98.8%~100.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.70%~1.0%(n=6);和厚朴酚的添加回收率在98.5%~99.5%之间,RSD为0.90%~1.1%(n=6),5个不同批次的复方陆朴微乳剂中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的平均含量分别为2.692 4和1.216 5 mg/mL。该方法操作简便、准确度高、重现性好,可作为复方陆朴微乳剂中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的测定方法。     

液相色谱-串联质谱检测土壤和大豆中咪唑乙烟酸的残留

建立液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定土壤、大豆植株、毛豆和黄豆中咪唑乙烟酸的残留分析方法。土壤中咪唑乙烟酸经pH=10的氯化铵-氨水缓冲溶液超声提取,调pH至酸性后再经二氯甲烷萃取,HPLC-MS/MS检测;大豆植株、毛豆及黄豆中咪唑乙烟酸经乙腈(含1%甲酸):水(含1%甲酸)=80:20(v/v)混合溶液超声提取,SPE-C_(18)固相萃取柱净化,HPLC-MS/MS检测。咪唑乙烟酸在所有样品中的平均添加回收率为81.0%～104.2%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～10.4%。方法的最小检出质量分数(LOQ)为0.01～0.02mg/kg。该方法选择性好、灵敏度高,适合于土壤、大豆植株、毛豆和黄豆中咪唑乙烟酸的残留检测。     

氯鼠酮原药液相色谱分析方法

建立氯鼠酮原药的高效液相色谱定量分析方法。采用甲醇-1%氨水溶液体系为流动相,150mm×3.9mm(i.d.)Nova-pakC18(4μm)不锈钢柱以及紫外检测器(280nm)对有效成分氯鼠酮原药进行外标法定量分析。方法线性相关系数为0.999 9(51~257mg/L),标准偏差0.16,变异系数0.17%,平均回收率为99.9%。该方法可用于测定氯鼠酮原药中的有效成分,具有准确、简便的特点。     

高效液相色谱检测梨中阿维菌素残留方法研究

本文采用甲醇提取,紫外检测器测定,建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定梨中阿维菌素残留的分析方法.液相色谱柱为IORBA×EXTEND-C18反相键合硅胶柱(250mmx4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(90:10,V/V),流速1.0mL/min,检测波长245nm,外标法定量.阿维菌素在0.1-10μg/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R=0.999 9),平均回收率为94.98%-112.03%,相对标准偏差为4.34%-7.97%,最低检出浓度为0.01μg/mL.     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Hymenopteran Parasitoids on Fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and the Southern United States: Diversity, Distribution, Taxonomic Status and their use in Fruit Fly Biological Control

We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

Diagnostics,genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of ascochyta blight of cool season food and feed legumes

Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.     

Brief Guide for Authors

正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.     

Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P arthenium hysterophorus

Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F ₃, F ₄ and F ₅, but not in F ₁ and F ₂ that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F ₁ and F ₂ in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.