碱性蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂的研究

为解决大豆蛋白胶黏剂相对分子量高、黏度大以及改性剂用量多等问题,需要制备一种由碱性蛋白酶改性的新型大豆蛋白胶黏剂,使其满足室内使用胶合板及胶合制品的要求。本研究以脱脂大豆蛋白粉为主要研究对象,碱性蛋白酶作为改性剂,探究不同酶添加量、pH、酶解温度、酶解时间对大豆蛋白胶黏剂胶合强度的影响,并通过正交试验对其工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：大豆蛋白胶黏剂适宜反应条件为碱性蛋白酶添加量10 000 U·g^-1、pH9.5、酶解温度60℃、酶解时间100 min。改性胶黏剂与未改性的大豆蛋白胶黏剂相比,黏度由2 400 s降低为13 s,胶合强度由0.74 MPa提高为0.98 MPa,符合国家标准GB/T 9846—2004Ⅱ类胶合板要求。试验表明碱性蛋白酶改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂在胶合板生产领域中具有良好的应用前景。     

不同酶解程度的大豆分离蛋白在配制酱油中的应用

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,对不同酶解程度的大豆分离蛋白在配制酱油中的应用进行了研究。首先通过单因素试验确定了酶解大豆蛋白的工艺参数,然后对添加不同酶解程度的大豆分离蛋白配制酱油的质量进行了研究,研究结果表明:酶解温度为50℃、pH为7.0、酶解时间为5h条件下的大豆分离蛋白酶解产物最适合应用到配制酱油中。     

热聚集大豆蛋白分子量分布及其与κ-卡拉胶相行为的研究

制备了不同的热聚集大豆蛋白,并采用体积排阻色谱(SEC-HPLC)对其分子量分布进行了表征.结果表明:热处理后的大豆蛋白主要由聚集体、中间体和未聚集部分组成,聚集体比例随加热时蛋白浓度的增加而增加.选取5%和1%大豆蛋白热聚集体和κ-卡拉胶对蛋白质-多糖的相行为进一步研究,结果蛋白浓度不同发生明显的宏观相分离所需的卡拉胶的浓度不同,5%大豆蛋白热聚集体和κ-卡拉胶的混合体系具有较窄的均相区域,表明蛋白质粒子的大小影响其与多糖的相分离行为.     

人参黑斑病菌对人参生理指标的影响

本文主要研究人参在接种人参黑斑病菌后,体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性变化。结果表明:两种植株体4种酶值变化趋势均随时间的延长而上升,酶活性均为长芦人参高于马牙人参。     

接枝改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂的合成及性能研究

利用疏水性单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝改性大豆蛋白以期获得耐水性较好的大豆蛋白胶粘剂.大豆蛋白(SP)经过3 mol·L-1尿素溶液预处理变性后,以GMA为接枝单体,过硫酸铵·亚硫酸氢钠(APS-NaH-SO3)氧化还原体系为引发体系,通过自由基聚合合成接枝改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂.用红外表征纯接枝物,结果表明接枝成功;研究了预处理时间、反应时间、引发剂加入量、单体加入量、反应温度对接枝改性大豆蛋白胶粘剂的粘接强度和耐水性的影响.结果说明接枝反应的确能够提高耐水性,并确定了最佳的反应条件.得出较佳的反应条件为:wsp4 g,wCM 3.39 g,WNaHSO<.3 0.2 g,WAPS:0.44 g,反应时间3 h,反应温度70℃.     

不同耐性大豆品种阿特拉津处理后的防御酶反应

为阐明大豆对除草剂阿特拉津的耐性机制,利用250 mg·L-1(田间使用浓度)阿特拉津处理大豆,在处理后不同时间分别测定大豆根系与叶片中过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的变化.结果表明:大豆在接受阿特拉津处理后,3种酶的活性高于未经过阿特拉津处理的大豆.阿特拉津处理后大豆根系的酶活明显高于叶片的活性,而且大豆...     

豆乳蛋白脱酰胺作用对豆乳性质的影响

采用脱酰胺法对大豆蛋白进行改性以提高豆乳的加工特性,并考察了微波作为辅助加热手段对酶法豆乳脱酰胺的影响,分析了不同脱酰胺处理对豆乳蛋白粒子电位、大小分布、浓缩豆乳的黏度以及豆乳香气的影响.结果表明:酶法脱酰胺增加了豆乳蛋白的Zeta电位,脱酰胺率在6％时.Zeta电位增加了2 mV；降低了豆乳的粘度,使蛋白粒子有变小的...     

酶法提高大豆分离蛋白酸溶性的研究

通过单因素试验研究了植酸酶添加量、酶解时间、pH、温度和料液浓度对大豆蛋白酸溶度、透光率和料液粘度的影响,在单因素试验的基础上对pH、温度、料液浓度和时间进行四因素三水平的正交试验,结果表明,当植酸酶添加量为0.6%时,酶解的最佳条件组合为pH3.0,温度40℃,料液浓度10%,酶解时间45 min,此时大豆分离蛋白的酸溶度为45.79%,透光率为68.5%,与优化前相比,分别提高了30.65%和29.4%。     

外源酶提高铁观音杀青叶香气的工艺研究

为了提高铁观音杀青叶烟用香料中香气物质的得率,采用生物酶对原料进行酶解增香后再提取.采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析挥发性香气成分含量并进行感官评定.结果表明,先加入柠檬酸酸解再加入复合酶(纤维素酶0.03％、果胶酶0.03％和β-葡萄糖苷酶0.03％)酶解后,芳樟醇、香...     

橡胶树不同粒径橡胶粒子结合凝集相关蛋白的分析

橡胶树是重要的产胶植物,其树皮组织中的次生乳管是合成和贮存天然橡胶的主要组织。天然橡胶是从乳管中的胶乳中提炼而成,由特殊的细胞器-橡胶粒子合成。橡胶粒子为半个单位膜的球状结构,内部贮存合成的天然橡胶,外周膜上结合有多种蛋白质,这些蛋白与其执行的功能密切相关。目前对天然橡胶合成相关蛋白的研究较多,对与橡胶粒子凝集相关的蛋白研究甚少。以‘RY7-33-97’胶乳为材料,利用不同的离心速度,分级分离获取不同粒径的橡胶粒子,并进行不同程度的清洗,以Tricine-SDS-PAGE以及Western-blotting技术对橡胶粒子上结合的蛋白进行比较分析。研究结果表明,不同粒径的橡胶粒子上结合的蛋白含量存在差异。小橡胶粒子膜蛋白（SRPP）随着粒径的减小含量明显增加;而橡胶延伸因子蛋白（REF）的含量基本维持稳定,与粒径大小关系不大。存在于C-乳清中的Hev b7胶乳过敏原蛋白和3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（GAPDH）与橡胶粒子有明显的结合;存在于黄色体B-乳清中的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（Glu）、橡胶素（Hev）和几丁质酶（Chit）均能与橡胶粒子结合,但几丁质酶与之的结合能力最弱。橡胶粒子经清洗后,作为橡胶粒子的主要膜蛋白,SRPP含量随着清洗次数增加明显降低,而REF蛋白含量变化不明显,可见SRPP与橡胶粒子膜的结合紧密程度不如REF;来自C-乳清和B-乳清的凝集相关蛋白随清洗次数增加也明显降低含量。体外孵育小橡胶粒子与不同的蛋白样品,结果表明,橡胶粒子可体外结合多种不同的蛋白,其中多种蛋白都与橡胶粒子的凝集有关。本研究对不同粒径橡胶粒子上结合的凝集相关蛋白进行了初步解析,旨在为阐明橡胶树排胶机制奠定基础。     

双酶法制备大豆降胆固醇活性肽的研究

通过比较4种酶对大豆分离蛋白的水解效果,并通过单因素及L9(34)正交试验优化其水解工艺条件,研究其最佳水解工具酶及最佳酶解参数。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶和植物蛋白酶联合应用可作为大豆分离蛋白的水解工具酶;其最佳酶解参数为:酶解温度55℃、初始pH7.0、底物浓度12%、酶添加量8%、植物蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶的质量之比为1∶2,水解度可达14.20%;用双蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白,水解度为14.71%的产物降胆固醇活性最高,对胆固醇胶束溶解度的抑制率为61.67%。     

The USDA trypsin inhibitor study. IV. The chronic effects of soy flour and soy protein isolate on the pancreas in rats after two years

In two year feeding trials, histologic changes in the pancreas of the Wistar rat were evaluated after chronic dietary exposure to raw and heated, dehulled, defatted soy flour and soy protein isolates which provided a range of trypsin inhibitor (TI) concentrations from 93 to 1271 mg/100 g diet. Also investigated was the nutritional interaction of level of dietary protein with the development of pancreatic pathology. Graded levels of TI were achieved from mixtures of raw and heated soy flour or protein isolate. Dietary protein levels were 10%, 20%, and 30%; the two higher levels obtained in some diets through casein supplementation. A total of 26 diets, including casein controls, were fed to groups of 40 male rats. Growth rates with these diets were commensurate with protein quality and level. Mortality rates tended to be slightly greater in the higher protein diets, and rats fed only raw soy as a source of protein survived well.Two lesions, nodular hyperplasia (NH) and acinar adenoma (AA) constituted the major pathological findings in the pancreas, and the incidence rates of both were positively associated with the concentration of dietary TI. The incidences of pancreatic NH and AA compared to those of the corresponding casein control were significantly elevated in rats fed heated soy flour supplying 10% protein and the lowest level of TI investigated (93 mg/100 g diet). At low levels of TI (215 mg/100 g diet), supplementation by casein to raise the concentration of protein from 10% to 20% and 30% reduced the frequency of NH and AA. When the dose-response data for NH and AA was linearized by plotting the probit of percent incidence against log of TI concentration per gram of dietary protein, the response to soy flour and soy protein isolate was not significantly different. Numerous lesions commonly found in the aging rat were diagnosed, and modulation of their rate of occurrence by nutritional factors associated with the diets was apparent in some instances.Reference to a company and/or product named by the Department is only for purposes of information and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

Processing and characterization of polyacrylonitrile/soy protein isolate/polyurethane wet-spinning solution and fiber

Using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent, the polyacrylonitrile/soy protein isolate/polyurethane (PAN/SPI/PU) blend solutions and wet-spun fibers were prepared. The rheological properties of the PAN/SPI/PU solution were investigated. Investigations of the structure and properties of the PAN/SPI/PU fibers involved Fourier transform infrared, enzymatic hydrolysis, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties, dye adsorption, contact angle, and moisture regain measurements. The results showed that all PAN/SPI/PU solutions possess pseudoplastic properties, and there are opposite effects of SPI and PU in the PAN/DMSO solution. The apparent viscosity, the amount of non-Newtonian fluid and the extent of structuralization of the PAN/DMSO solution increase with the addition of SPI, whereas these features all decrease with the addition of PU. The biodegrability, the absorption of acidic dye and the moisture regain increase with the proportional increase in weight of SPI in the fiber blend.     

Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste cotton fibers for nanoparticles production using response surface methodology

A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste cotton fibers in order to obtain finest cellulose particles. The effect of three factors including hydrolysis time (h), substrate concentration (g/l) and enzyme loading (%) were investigated. The median size of the hydrolyzed particles was defined as the response function of the design. Results of BBD were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a quadratic polynomial equation was developed for predicting the particle size. According to the fitted model, the optimal conditions i.e. hydrolysis time, substrate concentration and enzyme loading were suggested as 175 h, 5 g/l and 2.3 %, respectively. The suspension prepared under optimum conditions was subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and the resulted stable suspension of cellulose nanoparticles was characterized. It was found that these nanoparticles are spherical and most of them are in the range of 40–90 nm. The enzymatic and ultrasonic treatments caused an increase in the crystallinity and a decrease in the degree of polymerization of cotton.     

木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白研究

本文研究了木瓜蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的有限水解作用。分析了酶浓度，反应时间，温度，底物浓度，半胱氨酸，异Vc钠，亚硫酸钠浓度等因素对大豆蛋白水解作用的影响。试验得出木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的较佳条件是酶浓度为8000U/g底物，反应时间150-200min，温度50℃，大豆蛋白浓度为4.5%-8%，半胱氨酸浓度0.25%。     

花生蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解物对血管紧张素转化酶抑制作用的初步研究

分别以碱性蛋白酶Alcalase和中性蛋白酶Neutrase对花生分离蛋白进行水解．制备花生分离蛋白水解物．并测定不同水解时间所得产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制活性。未水解的花生分离蛋白没有ACE抑制活性．用中性蛋白酶Neutrase水解所得的水解物显示弱ACE抑制活性。然而，碱性蛋白酶Alcalasc水解物具有很强的ACE抑制活性．水解0．5h时水解物活性最高，其半抑制浓度为(IC50)0．56mg／mL。本研究表明，当用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解时，花生分离蛋白是生产ACE抑制肽的良好蛋白质来源，花生分离蛋白碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解物可作为具有降压功能的功能食品添料。     

糖基化大豆分离蛋白制备工艺优化及对其性质的影响

以大豆分离蛋白为试验材料,优化糖基化大豆分离蛋白制备工艺并研究经过葡萄糖处理对大豆分离蛋白溶解度、凝胶强度、乳化性以及热稳定方面的影响。结果表明:糖基化大豆分离蛋白最佳制备工艺为反应温度69.49℃、反应时间46.64 min、糖的添加量10.64%,凝胶强度最高为76.03;在相同p H下,经葡萄糖处理后的大豆分离蛋白溶解度较大,沉淀较少,而未糖基化的大豆分离蛋白沉淀量增加。糖基化处理的大豆分离蛋白乳化稳定性(emulsifying stability,ES)和热稳定性均有所增强。糖基化改性过程可显著提高大豆分离蛋白的溶解性和乳化性能,这为拓宽其在食品工业中的应用提供了理论基础。     

大豆分离蛋白酶解产物功能特性的研究

研究了大豆分离蛋白的碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解产物各种加工功能性质的变化趋势,并比较了两种酶在各个不同酶解时间下水解产物的各种功能性质。结果表明:大豆分离蛋白酶解产物比大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、发泡能力和吸油性都有所改善;大豆分离蛋白木瓜蛋白酶水解产物保水性、乳化性、吸油性、发泡能力、粘度、凝胶性均优于大豆分离蛋白碱性蛋白酶水解产物。