玉米穗部性状的相关与通径分析

对９个玉米杂交种的单株粒数、千粒重出籽率和秃尖长的相互关系及其对单株产量作用的研究表明，千粒重对单株产量贡献量大，株粒数次这，出籽率的效应较小，秃尖长表现为负效应。这为以后玉米高产育种提供了参考依据。     

玉米果穗主要性状与产量间的相关与通径分析

对玉米果穗主要性状与产量间进行了相关通径分析,结果表明,穗长等8个果穗主要性状与产量的相关系数和通径系数除秃尖外,其余均为正值.其中,穗行数对子粒产量的直接通径系数达到1.300 42,行粒数达到0.903 82.因此,为获得高产玉米品种,应着重注意穗行数和行粒数较多的基因型,同时要协调好穗行数与穗长、粒深、行粒数、百粒重和出籽率以及行粒数与秃尖和穗粗之间的关系。     

鲁南地区玉米产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

对鲁南地区种植的18个玉米品种的产量与9项主要农艺性状作灰色关联度分析,结果显示:主要农艺性状对玉米产量的关联度大小为:出籽率>百粒重>行粒数>穗行数>穗长>穗粗>穗位>株高>秃尖,其中,对玉米产量影响较大的性状为出籽率(0.9412)、百粒重(0.9309)、行粒数(0.9284)、穗行数(0.9165)、穗长(0.9147)、穗粗(0.9143);其次为穗位(0.9039)、株高(0.9003);秃尖(0.5359)与玉米产量的相关性最小。     

灰色关联度分析在玉米组合鉴定试验中的应用

应用灰色关联度分析方法,对玉米组合鉴定试验中主要参试品种的产量、株高、穗位高、茎粗、穗长、穗粗、轴粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重、出籽率和单株粒重等性状相关性进行了分析。结果表明:玉米产量与各性状的关联度由大到小依次为:单株粒重>穗粗>出籽率>轴粗>茎粗>千粒重>穗行数>行粒数>穗长>株高>穗位高>秃尖长。因此,在玉米组合鉴定试验中,要注重选择单株粒重高、穗比较粗、出籽率比较高和茎比较粗的品种,而对于株高、穗位高和秃尖长可适当放宽要求。     

玉米不同种植密度对主要农艺性状和产量的影响

选取具有代表性的6个玉米品种为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,研究种植密度对主要农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,随密度不断提高,行数、行粒数、穗长、穗粗、子粒长、百粒重和茎粗逐渐减小;秃尖长、株高和穗位高逐渐增加;出籽率和产量先增加后减小;容重先减小后增加。因此,选择适宜品种并结合品种自身特性,合理提高种植密度才能促进玉米产量的提高。     

不同年代主要玉米品种穗部性状演变研究

采用裂区试验设计,以密度为主区(15 000、45 000、75 000株/hm2),品种为副区,对我国不同年代34个主要玉米品种穗部性状演变进行了研究。结果表明:随着年代的更替,产量、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、秃尖长、千粒重显著增加,出籽率显著降低。通径分析结果表明:主要穗部性状对产量的作用依次为穗粗千粒重行粒数出籽率,穗粗、千粒重、行粒数的增加是玉米产量提高的主要原因。在玉米品种选育中应保持行粒数,着重改良穗粗、千粒重,提高出籽率,并协调出籽率与其他性状的关系。     

糯玉米杂交种产量及主要农艺性状相关分析

试验选用自育的20个糯玉米杂交种为供试材料,采用随机区组设计。通过对鲜穗采收期和成熟期产量、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、株高、穗位高等性状进行相关和通径分析。结果表明,在鲜穗采收期,穗长、双穗率、百粒重、出籽率等性状均与鲜穗产量呈正相关,作用最大的因素是穗长(r=0.600 0**)。通径分析显示各性状对鲜穗产量作用大小顺序为双穗率>穗长>百粒重>出籽率>穗位高>行粒数>穗粗>株高。在完熟期,行粒数(r=0.504 2*)、穗粗(r=0.495 9*)与干子粒产量呈正相关,达显著水平,进一步通径分析表明,各性状对干子粒产量作用排序为行粒数>穗位高>穗粗>穗长>秃尖长。     

叶面喷施硒肥对黑大豆生长及品质的影响

以临黑2号、临黑3号为试验材料,研究在大田生态模式下,花荚期叶面喷施不同浓度硒肥对夏播黑大豆产量构成因子和品质影响。结果表明:两个黑大豆品种叶面喷施不同浓度的绿维康有机富硒肥产量均有增加,但各处理间差异不显著;产量构成因子各处理间差异不显著,籽粒硒含量比对照显著增加。临黑2号在硒肥喷施浓度为0.1%时,产量最高,籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量最高,籽粒硒含量随硒肥浓度增加而增加;临黑3号在硒肥喷施浓度为0.2%时,产量最高,籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋脂总含量最高,硒肥喷施浓度为0.3%时,籽粒硒含量达到最大。     

玉米产量与其它农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联度分析方法，对玉米变量与其它农艺性状关系的密切程度进行了分析。结果表明，产量与９个性状的关联顺序依次为生育期〉千粒重〉穗长〉穗行数〉穗粒高〉出籽率〉株高〉行粒数〉秃尖。与产量关系密切的性状是生育期、千粒重、穗长、穗行数、穗位高和出籽率。     

玉米8个产量构成因素的通径分析

组配成不完全双列杂交的90个组合用3次重复的随机区组设计对玉米穗长等8个产量组成因素与子粒产量的关系进行了遗传相关和通径分析.结果表明穗长等8个性状与子粒产量的遗传相关系数均为正值.其中,结实性与子粒产量的遗传相关系数未达0.05的显著水平,千粒重与子粒产量的遗传相关系数达到0.05的显著水平,其余6个性状与子粒产量的遗传相关系数均达到了0.01的显著水平.通径分析结果表明,8个产量组成性状对子粒产量的相对重要性依次为结实长>穗粗>出籽率>千粒重>行粒数>穗行数>结实性>穗长.选育夏播高产杂交种时,要重视选择果穗结实长、果穗粗、出籽率高的类型。     

基于多元线性回归的辽宁省中熟玉米品种产量相关性分析

[目的]明确影响中熟玉米品种产量的主要因素,为辽宁省中熟玉米品种选育和生产提供参考。[方法]根据2019年参加辽宁省中熟玉米区域试验种植的9个玉米新品种相关的农艺性状数据,利用多元线性回归法对玉米新品种的主要性状进行相关性分析,揭示其变化规律,为玉米农艺性状的选择提供参考。[结果]辽宁省中熟玉米品种与产量密切相关的农艺性状是百粒重、行粒数、出籽率、空秆率和穗长等;百粒重和行粒数是辽宁省中熟玉米杂交种选育的主要影响因素。[结论]在选育中熟玉米品种时,要在保证适当百粒重和果穗长度的前提下,注重选育出籽率高、空秆率低的品种。在高产玉米品种选育中应增强抗倒性、降低空秆率、提高出籽率,适当增加百粒重和穗粗,降低穗位高。     

不同播期对春玉米产量及产量构成的影响

2016、2017年,在哈尔滨地区以早熟、中熟、晚熟不同熟期各2个玉米品种为试材,设6个播种处理,明确不同播期对玉米生育期和产量及其构成的影响,探索适宜黑龙江省第一积温带种植玉米品种的播期,选择在遇到低温冷害等极端天气需要的替代品种。结果表明,哈尔滨当地品种最迟播种时间为5月6日,能够保证玉米正常成熟。在5月6日后中熟品种产量高于晚熟品种,产量均呈降低趋势。若前期遇到低温冷害等极端天气,播种推迟至5月中旬左右时,应选择中熟品种代替晚熟品种,确保玉米产量安全。     

河北东部旱作区耐密宜机收春玉米品种筛选

选择适宜机收籽粒的玉米品种是实现玉米全程机械化的重要条件。玉米生理成熟期籽粒含水率高、后期脱水速率慢以及成熟后田间站秆性状差是制约玉米直收籽粒的重要原因。通过比较12个玉米品种在生理成熟期的籽粒产量、籽粒含水率以及生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率和倒伏倒折率、籽粒霉变率等田间站秆性状指标,结果发现:迪卡653和C1210两个玉米品种比较适宜河北东部旱作区直收籽粒,可作为苗头品种进一步应用验证。     

玉米杂交种种子活力与成熟度关系

以早熟杂交玉米品种新玉29号、新玉35号以及晚熟品种郑单958和先玉335种子为材料,测定授粉后不同时期种子发芽指数、活力指数、田间出苗率,分析种子活力与成熟度的关系。结果表明,在新疆地区早熟玉米品种在授粉后45~48 d(黑层出现前3~6 d)、含水量29.1%~34.3%时收获可获较得高活力种子;晚熟品种在授粉后54~57 d(黑层出现前3~6 d)、含水量34.7%~38.1%时收获可获得高活力种子。     

Productivity of the Soybean Seeds Stored for Various Periods

Abstract

The growth characters and productivity of the soybean plants that developed from seeds stored for various periods at 5°C and 40% relative humidity, but having 80% or higher germinability were examined in comparison with those of newly harvested seeds (new seeds). The seedlings at one month after sowing from the very old seeds (stored for 10 years and 7 months) showed morphological characters significantly different from those from the new seeds, but not those from the moderately old seeds (stored for 2 years and 7 months) or the old seeds (stored for 7 years and 7 months). In the plants from the old seeds, the mean emergence date, flowering date, maturing date, length of the main stem, yield components, seed yield, and inspection-grade or protein content of seed were not significantly different from those in the plants from the new seeds. On the other hand, in the plants from the very old seeds, the mean emergence date, length of main stem, yield components and seed yield were significantly different from those in the plants from the new seeds. We concluded that the seeds of soybean stored for 2 years and 7 months, or 7 years and 7 months having a germinability of higher than 80% are practically useful, and show normal growth characters and productivity. However, it should be noted that the seed storage for over 10 years had inferior grain yield.     

Evaluation of seed production potential in white clover (Trifolium repens L. varietal improvement programmes

The components of actual and potential seed yield were examined in field experiments on a wide range of varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The factors affecting seed yield under conditions typical of management regimes used in the production of commercial seed crops were assessed in two experiments. In the first, carried out on spaced plants, considerable diferences are shown between six varieties across the range of leaf sizes in the distribution and profuseness of inflorescence production through the flowering season. In the second, carried out in plots, typical on-farm criteria were used to choose a single harvest date. Significant variation was found between varieties, including representatives of different leaf size categories, for seed yield components that include number of inflorescences m^?2, number of florets per inflorescence and harvestable seed weight. Large-leaved varieties tended to produce more seeds per floret and higher seed weights per inflorescence, whereas small-leaved varieties gave the highest number of inflorescences ^?2. However, the small-leaved variety AderDale, selected for strong peduncles, was exceptional, giving high values for all seed yield components. The impact of weather conditions on many seed yield components (e.g. total number of inflorescences) was demonstrated by the differences between the 2 years of the experiment. However, other characterstics, e.g. number of florets per inflorescence and number of seeds per floret, did not vary between years. Deviations from potential seed yield were assessed fromthe perspective of commerical seed production. The implications of these results for the production of white clover varieties with increased seed yields under UK conditions are discussed.     

不同处理对柱花草种子的产量和质量的影响

以热研5号柱花草为材料,研究了不同的底肥、种植密度、追肥、灌水次数和采收方式对柱花草种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明,3个底肥(磷肥)水平种子产量和质量均高于未施磷水平,0.07 kg/m2处理磷肥水平产量最高,为358.50 kg/hm2,且3个处理相差不大。净度和千粒重最低的处理是0.13 kg/m2磷肥水平,分别为8.87%和2.42 g。种植密度为0.5 m×1.0 m产量最高,为448.63 kg/hm2,种植密度行距为1 m的种子净度、千粒重和出苗率均高于株行距为0.5 m的,净度为9.12%,千粒重为2.63 g,出苗率为74.33%。未追肥条件种子产量最低,为339.96 kg/hm2,种子净度、千粒重和出苗率变化较小。3个灌溉处理种子产量差异较小,未灌溉处理种子千粒重和出苗率最低,分别为2.48 g和42.44%。铺膜采收种子处理种子产量最高,为370.79 kg/hm2,成熟后刈割收种处理种子产量和千粒重最低,分别为197.42 kg/hm2和2.47 g。试验为云南柱花草生产及草业的发展提供理论依据。     

抗青枯病花生资源的种子大小 及主要品质性状的遗传分化

以123份不同类型的抗青枯病花生种质为材料,对荚果大小、种子大小、出仁率、蛋白质、含油量和脂肪 酸等性状遗传分化进行了研究。研究结果表明,在我国抗青枯病花生资源中,高油酸种质资源较多,这些资源的荚 果及种仁大小,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸含量性状均存在丰富的遗传变异;但是,高 含油量资源较少,而且在含油量、蛋白质含量和出仁率方面的遗传多样性不丰富。根据12个与种子品质相关性状 信息, 123份抗青枯病资源被分成2组5亚组13个品种群,这些品种(群)与已被广为利用的骨干抗病亲本协抗青 和台山三粒肉之间存在很大的遗传分化。     

The effect of agronomic factors on seed and forage production in perennial legumes sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and French honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium L.)

Perennial legume varieties and ecotypes belonging to the species sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and French honeysuckle ( Hedysarum coronarium L.) were investigated under different management treatments (two regimes of irrigation, cutting and seeding densities) at the Forage Crops Institute in Foggia, Italy (which has a typical Mediterranean environment) for two seasons, 1990 and 1991. Dry-matter production, seed production and seed yield components were affected more by harvest year and irrigation than by seeding density. Mean increases due to irrigation were 2·8% and 60·6% respectively for dry-matter and seed yield in sainfoin and 35·3% and 32·5% respectively in French honeysuckle. Under both cutting regimes, the higher seeding density was more suitable for sainfoin, increasing stems m⁻² with irrigation and seed yield without irrigation. In French honeysuckle the lower seeding density was more suitable for production of inflorescences per tiller and for seed weight without irrigation. Higher seeding density positively influenced seed yield under irrigation. The seed yield components most influenced by irrigation were: 1000-seed weight, seeds per inflorescence and inflorescence per stem. French honeysuckle genotypes were potentially more productive in dry matter and seed yield under both irrigation regimes than the sainfoin, which was more productive in seed yield when cut. The ecotypes of both legumes represent a genetic resource, particularly for seed yield after forage cutting, to be utilized in breeding programmes for developing varieties well adapted to Mediterranean environments.     

锌肥不同施用方式对河西绿洲制种玉米生长及产量的影响

为探明锌肥施用方式对制种玉米生长、产量及子粒含锌量的影响，以制种玉米NC242为供试材料，2019-2020年在河西绿洲灌区张掖市甘州区党寨镇开展试验。设置叶面喷施锌肥(DF)、滴灌冲施锌肥(DS)、底施锌肥(AF)、滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥(SF)和不施锌肥(CK)5个处理，分析制种玉米全生育期内叶面积指数与地上部干物质积累量和产量及子粒含锌量变化。结果表明，锌肥不同施用方式能有效提高叶面积指数与地上部干物质积累量，其中滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥效果最佳；滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥产量最高(8 507.38 kg/hm²)，其次为叶面喷施锌肥(8 200.64 kg/hm²)，分别较CK显著增产16.38%和12.18%；不同锌肥施用方式下SF处理子粒锌含量最高，较CK提高25.56%。因此，滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥方式是本试验锌肥最佳施用方式。