平房仓膜下环流低温储粮技术应用

仓内膜下环流低温储粮技术是将机械通风技术与隔热密闭技术有机结合,在夏季高温季节将粮堆内蓄存的冷源利用粮堆内的通风管道进行膜下环流均衡通风,使粮堆各部位粮温达到基本平衡,达到降低表层粮温,将仓内粮堆平均粮温控制在15℃以下的目的。     

平房仓粮面冷气囊密闭压盖动态隔热控温储粮技术研究

平房仓粮面采用双膜气囊密闭压盖,在冬季运用机械通风技术最大限度地降低粮温,储存冷源;高温季节,利用空调器制冷循环地给气囊补充冷气,同时适时开启排风扇通风换气,消除仓内积热,既可有效地降低仓温,又能阻止外界热量通过仓内上部空间向粮堆的传递,抑制和延缓粮温上升。试验表明：高温季节可使气囊内温度控制在28℃以下,粮堆表层的最高温度可控制在25℃以内,粮堆年平均温度可控制在10℃左右,且保湿效果较好。     

南方高温高湿地区玉米控温储藏试验

对高大平房仓进行隔热改造，在气温回升前压盖粮面，粮温回升到一定程度时利用谷物冷却机降低粮温，高温季节排除仓房空间积热控制表层粮温，低温季节利用机械通风降低粮温，延缓粮食品质下降。     

平房仓准低温储存稻谷试验

在仓房维修改造的基础上,通过冬季通风降温、夏季空调控温,能将稻谷表层粮温控制在20℃以下,全仓平均粮温控制在15℃以下,基本实现了稻谷的准低温储存。     

楼房仓应用谷物冷却机准低温储粮试验

在楼房仓中用谷物冷却机于夏秋高温季节适时对储粮进行保持水分冷却通风，可以较为经济地将全年粮温控制在20℃以下，实现准低温储粮，延缓储粮品质陈化。     

楼房仓谷物冷却机准低温储粮试验

在楼房仓中用谷物冷却机于夏秋高温季节适时对储粮进行保持水分冷却通风，可以较为经济地将粮温全年都控制在20℃以下，实现准低温储粮延缓储粮品质陈化。     

高大平房仓膜下环流均衡粮温试验

针对高大平房仓夏季储粮过程中上层粮温升高较中下层快,表层粮温难以控制等问题,我库充分利用当地储粮气候条件,增添了膜下环流通风系统。在夏季高温季节进行仓内膜下环流通风,使粮堆内部形成向上运动的气流,从而实现上层粮温可控性和实现全仓粮温的相对均衡。该技术的应用可有效隔绝仓房空间与粮堆的湿热传递,减少仓温对粮温尤其是粮堆表层温度的影响。结合我库所处区域位置特点,主要是利用冬季机械通风降低粮温,待夏季高温时利用环流风机进行仓内环流,将粮堆中央＂冷心＂的冷源带到粮堆表层和四周,使粮堆表层和四周的粮温降低,通过环流调节粮堆内温度因子,使储粮处于低温或准低温状态,可以有效抑制高温季节仓内上层粮温上升,实现低温储藏。该技术确保了整仓粮食达到低温或准低温储藏条件,避免储粮夏季生虫和使用化学药剂防治储粮害虫,真正实现了绿色、环保储粮的目的。     

北疆地区高大平房仓内环流控温保水通风技术试验

针对夏季北疆地区高大平房仓中下层粮温在-10℃以下,仓温和表层粮温较高并伴随水分减量和害虫孳生等问题,进行了内环流控温保水实验。通过在改造仓房隔热保冷及密闭性能的高大平房仓内安装内环流设施,利用秋冬季节通风降低粮温、春夏季节全仓密闭,按设定温度启动内环流装置均衡粮温。实验结果表明:夏季最高仓温为22.9℃,表层粮温最高为13.9℃;粮食基本无虫,控温保水效果明显,经济效益显著,值得在北疆地区推广使用。     

玉米高温季节隔热控温储藏实仓试验

对高大平房仓的门窗、通风口等用保温材料进行隔热,内墙四周用高分子挤塑保温板进行隔热,以提高仓房隔热性能,改善仓房储藏条件;分析粮温变化,采取适当措施进行降温,延缓粮温上升,适时进行密闭、隔热,可达到明显的控温效果,使高大平房仓玉米度夏时平均粮温控制在25℃以下,表层平均粮温控制在28℃以下,从而确保玉米度夏后质量良好。     

高大平房仓空调控温储粮技术应用初探

针对本地区库存玉米在夏季储存过程中因上层粮温升高后易引起局部发热、生霉及脂肪酸值升高过快等现象,充分利用我库现有仓房设施及本地的自然条件,开启仓库顶部墙壁空调机控制仓温在25℃以下,在高温季节进行机械制冷,人为降低仓温控制上层粮温,达到了玉米安全过夏和延缓储粮品质劣变的目的。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.