兔源大肠杆菌对喹诺酮药物耐药性及质粒介导的耐药基因检测

为了解四川省兔源大肠杆菌(E.coli)对喹诺酮药物耐药性及质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药(PMQR)基因的携带情况,本研究从四川地区规模化家兔养殖场共分离鉴定出97株E.coli,采用Kirby-Bauer(K-B)纸片法对分离株进行喹诺酮药物耐药性测定,同时采用PCR方法对qnrA、qnrB、qnrC、qnrD、qnrS、qnrVC、aac(6')-Ib-cr、qep A、oqx A、oqx B等PMQR基因进行检测。结果显示:分离株对左氧氟沙星耐药率最高为49.48%,对依诺沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和环丙沙星的耐药率依次为48.45%、46.39%、39.17%、35.05%和34.02%;PMQR检测发现:aac(6')-Ib-cr检出率最高为80.4%,qnrD、qnrS、oqxA和oqxB,检出率分别为59.8%、59.8%、63.9%和51.5%,未检出qnrA、qnrB、qnrC、qnrVC和qepA。本研究通过对97株兔源E.coli对喹诺酮药物的耐药性及相关PMQR基因检测,初步明确四川地区兔源大肠杆菌对喹诺酮药物的耐药情况及PMQR的流行情况,为该地区家兔大肠杆菌病的防治中有效使用喹诺酮类药物提供参考。     

贵州猪 鸡源大肠杆菌质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因调查

为调查贵州省动物源性大肠杆菌质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因(PMQR)流行情况,从贵州省5个地区147个规模养殖场采集猪肛门拭子、鸡泄殖腔拭子2469份,分离得到1 928株大肠杆菌,应用PCR方法和基因测序检测大肠杆菌qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qnrD、qepA和aae(6′)Ib-c,基因的携带情况。结果表明,6种PMQR基因的总检测率为60.72%,qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qnrD、qepA及aac(6′)Ib-cr的检出率分别为9.54%(184/1928)、12.03%(232/1928)、22.04%(425/1928)、4.36%(84/1928)、3.42%(66/1928)和30.65%(591/1928),且细菌同时携带多个基因的情况严重。     

食品动物源沙门氏菌质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因的检测与分析

为了解食品动物源沙门氏菌质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药性(Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance,PMQR),采用微量肉汤稀释法和PCR方法,检测了316株食品动物源沙门氏菌对20种抗菌药物的敏感性,以及菌株中PMQR基因的携带率.结果显示:316株沙门氏菌对20种抗菌药物呈不同程度的耐药性,95.57％菌株为多重耐药菌;316株菌中未检出qnrA、qnrC、qnrD、qnrS和qepA基因,7.91％菌株检出qnrB基因,15.19％菌株检出aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr基因,7.91％菌株检出oqxA基因,8.86％菌株检出oqxB基因,这是首次在沙门氏菌中发现oqxAB基因;98.11％PMQR阳性菌同时携带2种及以上的耐药基因,呈8～17耐的多重耐药性,其中以qnrB和aac(6′)-Ibcr基因型为主;53株PMQR阳性菌分属于5种不同的基因型,耐药表型或耐药基因型不同的菌株却有相同的PFGE谱型.本次检测的316株食品动物源沙门氏菌耐药较为严重;菌株主要携带qnrB、aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr及oqxAB基因;不同来源菌株存在同一耐药克隆株的流行.     

动物源肠杆菌分离株质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药基因的检测

为了解近年广东地区肠杆菌科质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因(PMQR)的流行情况,对广东地区猪、禽养殖场2007～2009年分离的407株肠杆菌进行PMQR基因的检测,采用琼脂平皿二倍稀释法对所有菌株进行15种抗菌药物的敏感性试验。结果显示,qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qnrD、qepA及aac(6′)-Ib-cr的检出率分别为0.98%、4.91%、16.22%、1.72%、0.25%、5.41%,qnrC没有检测出,有27(6.63%)株同时携带两种或两种以上PMQR基因。近年广东地区动物源肠杆菌的PMQR基因流行存在上升趋势,耐药性存在严重,且存在多重耐药现象。     

新疆猪源沙门氏菌耐药性及耐药基因检测

为了解新疆某规模化养殖场猪源沙门氏菌对临床上常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,以及β-内酰胺酶、16S rRNA甲基化酶和质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（plasmid mediated quinolone resistance,PMQR）基因的流行情况,本试验通过琼脂稀释法对分离的菌株进行最小抑菌浓度测定,PCR方法进行β-内酰胺酶bla_TEM、bla_CMY-2、bla_CTX-M、bla_LAP-1、bla_KPC、bla_OXA和bla_SHV基因,16S rRNA甲基化酶基因armA和rmtB及PMQR类基因qnrA、qnrB、qnrC、qnrD、qnrS、qepA、oqxA、oqxB和aac（6'）-Ib-cr的检测,确定阳性菌株,分析其携带的基因型与耐药表型之间的关系。分离的猪源沙门氏菌对环丙沙星和安普霉素耐药率最高,均为77.9%（102/131）,耐药菌主要以8耐为主（29.0%,38/131）。从被检基因中检测出11种耐药基因,不同基因共存有24种类型,主要以bla_TEM+bla_OXA+qnrS+aac（6'）-Ib-cr+oqxA+oqxB（27.6%,32/116）;bla_TEM+bla_OXA+qnrS+oqxA+oqxB（24.1%,28/116）;bla_TEM+qnrS（18.0%,21/116）形式共存。该养殖场分离的沙门氏菌耐药现象严重,分离耐药菌株存在β-内酰胺酶、16S rRNA甲基化酶和PMQR类基因共存现象,提示应加强对β-内酰胺酶、16S rRNA甲基化酶和PMQR类因子的监控。     

合肥地区动物源致病性大肠杆菌ESBLs和PMQR基因流行分布

从安徽省合肥地区多个养殖厂分离鉴定了65株致病性大肠杆菌,用PCR方法检测ESBLs和PMQR基因的流行分布情况,用微量肉汤稀释法测定30株ESBLs和/或PMQR阳性菌对16种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度.PCR结果显示:ESBLs阳性率为24.6％(16/65),分别为blaOXA(16株)、blaTEM(15株)和blaCTX-M(14株),未检出blaSHV; PMQR的阳性率为46.2％(30/65),分别为qnrA(9株)、qnrS(18株)、aac(6')-Ib～cr(28株),未检出qnrB、qnrC、qnrD和qepA;且携带ESBLs基因的阳性菌株均携带PMQR基因.首次检测出有7株大肠杆菌同时携带ES-BLs基因型(blaOXA、blaTEM、blaCTX-M)和PMQR基因型(qnrA、qnrS、aac(6')-Ib-cr).药物敏感性测定结果显示:30株携带ESBLs和/或PMQR基因的阳性大肠杆菌对16种抗菌药物的耐药率为16.7％～100％,耐药谱较广,耐药性较严重.16株同时携带ESBLs和PMQR基因的阳性菌株对11种及11种以上药物耐药的菌株占87.5％,14株仅携带PMQR基因的阳性菌株对11种及11种以上药物耐药的菌株占28.5％,表明携带PMQR基因的同时携带ESBLs基因大大增强了菌株的耐药性,携带耐药基因的数量和种类与菌株的多重耐药性相关.     

潍坊市肉鸭源大肠杆菌喹诺酮类药物耐药性的检测

为研究近年来山东省肉鸭源致病性大肠杆菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性,本研究将2010年以来分离自山东省潍坊市发病肉鸭的232株大肠杆菌进行了洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星等4种喹诺酮类药物的药敏试验,并对其进行了质粒介导喹诺酮类药物耐药基因的PCR检测。结果表明,山东省潍坊市肉鸭源大肠杆菌对4种喹诺酮类抗生素均产生了较高耐药性(54.31%~82.760%),质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药(PMQR)基因携带率达到58.19%(135/232),26.29%(61/232)的菌株携带两种产PMQR基因,1.72%(4/232)的菌株携带三种PMQR基因。未检测到qnr A、qnr B、qnr C、qnr D与Qep A基因,qnr S、oqx A和oqx B基因在山东省禽源致病性大肠杆菌中分布较为广泛,其检出率依次为19.83%(46/232)、41.81%(97/232)和26.29%(61/232)。     

不同地区鸡源大肠杆菌质粒介导的喹诺酮类药物耐药基因调查

喹诺酮类药物是兽医临床治疗动物细菌性疾病一类常用抗菌药物,此类药物的广泛应用,使动物源大肠杆菌对其耐药性也随之逐渐上升[1].细菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药机制主要是染色体介导的靶位改变、膜通透性改变和主动外排.近年来,质粒介导的喹诺酮类药物耐药(plasmid mediated quinolone resistance,PMQR)基因qnrA[2],qnrB[3]、qnrS[4]相继出现,aac(6’)-Ib-er和qepA这两种质粒介导的耐药基因也被证实[5-6].本试验通过微量肉汤稀释法,检测2009年鸡源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,选择耐喹诺酮类药物的菌株,采用PCR方法检测PMQR基因,以了解不同地区鸡源大肠杆菌中PMQR基因的流行情况.     

鸡源大肠杆菌喹诺酮类药物耐药基因的检测与分析

为了解湖北地区鸡源大肠杆菌喹诺酮类耐药基因(PMQR)的流行现状与耐药表型的相关性,采用纸片扩散法对2014~2015年分离的54株鸡源大肠杆菌临床分离株进行7种喹诺酮类药物体外敏感性测定,通过PCR检测qnrA、qnrB、qnrS基因,对基因检测阳性株进行Ⅰ类整合子检测。结果:54株鸡源大肠杆菌对萘啶酸、依诺沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、左旋氧氟沙星耐药率分别为72.2%、53.7%、53.7%、51.8%、50.0%、44.4%和22.2%;54株鸡源大肠杆菌中,10株(18.5%)检出qnrA基因,未检出qnrB、qnrS基因,且qnrA基因阳性株Ⅰ类整合子为阳性。结果表明,湖北地区鸡源大肠杆菌对兽医临床常用的喹诺酮类药物耐药严重,且存在质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrA的流行,而qnrA基因与Ⅰ类整合子具有相关性,应加强监测。     

15株临床分离耐药大肠杆菌耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素基因的检测与序列分析

15株动物源性耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠杆菌进行PCR检测、测序、WDNASIS软件分析gyrA基因中的氟喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDR)、AcrA以及编码与质粒介导的氟喹诺酮类药物耐药机制相关的qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因。结果表明,15株耐药菌中,QRDR基因在其编码第72、75、83位或第87位氨基酸均发生突变;AcrA基因未检测到氨基酸的突变;qnrS、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr耐药基因阳性菌各检测到1株,序列分析表明不存在氨基酸突变。QRDR基因编码的氨基酸4个位点发生突变,其中Ser83→Leu和Asp87→Asn 2个基因的突变均与文献报道的突变相同,双突变的7个菌株均表现为高度耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素,表明gyrA基因为大肠杆菌耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的一个重要机制。高度耐氟喹诺酮类抗生素的菌株中有2株没有检测到氨基酸突变的存在,但是aac-(6′)-Ib-cr基因和qnrS检测为阳性,表明质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药也可单独导致菌株的耐药。存有一个菌株gyrA基因编码的氨基酸发生突变Ser83→Leu,AcrA基因和qnrA、qnrB、qnrS、qepA和aac(6′...     

Detection of Resistance and Resistance Genes of Salmonella from Swine in Xinjiang

The objective of this study was to investigate the resistance of Salmonella and prevalence of resistance genes isolated from a pig farm in Xinjiang, and their coexistence with the major β-lactamases, 16S rRNA methylation enzyme genes and PMQR. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Salmonella isolated from the pig farms were determined by agar dilution method, PCR was used to detect bla_TEM, bla_CMY-2, bla_CTX-M, bla_LAP-1, bla_KPC, bla_OXA and bla_SHV genes, 16S rRNA methylation enzyme genes armA and rmtB, and PMQR including qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, oqxB and aac(6')-Ib genes. The positive strains were performed by using DNA sequencing to determine the purpose of the belt. The result showed that resistant rate of Salmonella isolates from swine were highest to ciprofloxacin and apramycin sulfate (77.9%, 102/131). Resistant mainly based on 8 kinds of drug resistance (29.0%, 38/131), 11 kinds of resistance genes were detection, the coexistence of different genotypes had 24 types. The main types were bla_TEM+bla_OXA+qnrS+aac(6')-Ib-cr+oqxA+oqxB (27.6%, 32/116), bla_TEM+bla_OXA+qnrS+oqxA+oqxB (24.1%, 28/116) and bla_TEM+qnrS (18.0%, 21/116). The Salmonella isolated from the farm had phenomenon seriously resistance, it coexisted with the main β-lactamase, 16S rRNA methylation enzyme genes and PMQR factors. The result suggested that it should strengthen monitoring to the β-lactamase enzymes, 16S rRNA methylation enzyme genes and PMQR factors.     

牛源大肠杆菌质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因的检测分析

为研究近年来新疆地区牛源大肠杆菌中质粒介导喹诺酮类药物耐药基因的分布及其对喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药情况,本研究于2016-2018年从新疆石河子、沙湾、奎屯、玛纳斯和伊犁5个地区12个规模化奶牛场分离出116株牛源大肠杆菌,药敏试验检测其耐药性,同时利用PCR扩增PMQR耐药基因。药敏试验结果显示,62.93%的菌株对氨苄西林耐药,耐药率最高。对链霉素、四环素、卡那霉素和恩诺沙星的耐药率依次为56.90%、54.31%、43.10%和42.24%。对头孢他啶和头孢噻肟的耐药率较低,分别为7.76%和11.21%。分离菌主要携带qnrA、qnrS和aac（6'）-Ⅰb-cr 3种耐药基因;116株大肠杆菌中有31株携带PMQR的耐药基因,检出阳性率为26.72%,其中26株仅携带1种PMQR耐药基因,占所有菌株的22.41%,4株携带2种PMQR耐药基因,占所有菌株的3.45%,1株携带3种PMQR耐药基因,占所有菌株的0.86%。综上所述,新疆地区牛源大肠杆菌质粒介导喹诺酮类药物基因主要为qnrA、qnrS和aac（6'）-Ⅰb-cr 3种,且对恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星均产生不同程度的耐药性。     

Molecular characterisation of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from animals in Turkey

The aim of this study were to detect the gyrA, parC and marR mutations and qnr genes (qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) in 120 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from animals. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, respectively, were used to determine fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance, and molecular methods were used to detect the mutations and the genes. E coli isolates with an MIC of ≥8 mg/l had mutation at Ser-80 in parC in addition to mutations at Ser-83, Asp-87 or both in gyrA. The nucleotide change was detected in marR (Ser-3?→?Asn, Ala-53?→?Glu, Gly-103?→?Ser, Tyr-137?→?His). Only four E coli isolates (3.3 per cent) contained qnrA and qnrS, and qnrB was not detected. Two E coli isolates from healthy calves also contained qnrA and qnrS. The MICs of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin for qnr-containing E coli isolates ranged from 32 mg/l to 256 mg/l. The results of this study indicated that the FQ-resistant E coli isolates presented an alteration in gyrA (Ser-83?→?Leu, Asp-87?→?Asn) and parC (Ser-80?→?Ile) with high MICs (8-256 mg/l), and there was a low prevalence of qnr genes among E coli isolated from animals.     

PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF QUINOLONE RESISTANCE GENES IN PROTEUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM PET TURTLES

Proteus spp. are widely recognized as opportunistic pathogens causing urinary tract and septic infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region in association with the detection of quinolone susceptibility of 24 strains of pet turtle-borne Proteus spp. Susceptibility of 4 antimicrobials including nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin was examined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration test. Six isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid showing either intermediate resistance or resistance to other quinolones. All nalidixic acid, resistant isolates harbored mutations in gyrB (N440T/A401G/Q411S). Two of the isolates had both gyrA (S83I) and parC (S80I) mutations. Twenty-one isolates were positive for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes; the qnrD gene had the highest prevalence with 19 (79.2%), while qnrS, qnrA, qnrB, and aac(6′), Ib-cr genes were present in 9 (37.5%), 2 (8.3%), 1 (4.2%), and 11 (45.8%) isolates, respectively. These results suggest that pet turtle-associated Proteus spp. should be considered a potential source of antimicrobial resistance determinants.     

Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in poultry and swine clinical isolates of Escherichia coli

The prevalence of qnr genes was investigated in veterinary clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in Guangdong province, China, and the aac (6')-Ib gene and the mutations in QRDRs of gyrase and topoisomerase IV were examined in qnr-positive strains. A total of 232 E. coli strains isolated from pig and poultry were screened for the presence of the qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes by PCR and sequencing. The aac (6')-Ib gene was detected in qnr-bearing strains by PCR and sequencing. For all strains carrying qnr, MICs for six quinolones were determined. Mutations within the gyrase and topoisomerase were analyzed by PCR and sequencing for all the QRDRs of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. Among 232 E. coli isolates, 14 (6%) isolates were positive for the qnr gene, including one for qnrB, 13 for qnrS, but no qnrA was identified in this population. Detection of the aac (6')-Ib gene showed that one qnrS-positive isolate from pig and one qnrB-positive isolate from duck carried aac (6')-Ib gene, and both were the cr variant allele of aac (6')-Ib. All of the 14 isolates had MICs of ciprofloxacin more than 0.25 mg/L. Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA mutations were observed in 5 (35.7%) of the 14 strains. Three fluoroquinolone-resisting strains showed one mutation S83L of gyrA, while one S83I. One high-level resistance strains harboured gyrA S83L and A87N of gyrA. A singe mutation in site 58 of parC was detected in 3 (21.4%) strains. None mutations were found in QRDRs of gyrB and parE. The emergence of qnr genes in veterinary clinical E. coli isolates is described for the first time. This is also the first report of aac (6')-Ib-cr gene in E. coli isolates from food-producing animals.     

鸡源肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定和耐药性分析

为探究鸡源肺炎克雷伯菌的流行性和耐药情况,本试验采集蛋鸡新鲜粪便60份(雏鸡36只/产蛋鸡24只),通过分离培养、VITEK2 Compact生化鉴定、特异性基因PCR扩增和微量肉汤稀释法对分离菌株进行了菌种鉴定、耐药表型、耐药基因以及毒力基因检测。结果显示,从粪便样本中共分离出48株肺炎克雷伯菌;分离菌株对氨苄西林、大观霉素、四环素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异噁唑和复方新诺明表现出高度耐药,耐药率范围为50.00%~100.00%,对奥格门丁、庆大霉素、头孢类和喹诺酮类药物耐药程度较低,耐药率范围为14.58%~27.08%,对黏菌素和美罗培南敏感;75.02%的菌株表现为多重耐药,最高表现为8重耐药,占10.42%。耐药基因和毒力基因检测结果显示,48株肺炎克雷伯菌共检出aadA1、tetA、oqxA、oqxB、blaTEM和qnrB 等6种耐药基因,以及entB、wabG、uge和kfuBC 等4种毒力基因,本试验结果可为临床用药、动物源细菌耐药性监测和健康养殖提供数据支持。     

Prevalence of ESBLs and PMQR genes in fecal Escherichia coli isolated from the non-human primates in six zoos in China

The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli from captive non-human primates. A total of 206 E. coli isolates were collected from primates in six zoos in China in 2009 and their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials were tested by broth microdilution. The susceptibility patterns of E. coli strains varied greatly among different zoos reflecting different backgrounds of antimicrobial usage. Both the ESBL-encoding genes and the PMQR genes were detected by PCR. Of the 206 strains, 65 (32%) were confirmed as phenotypic ESBL producers with bla(CTX-M) (27%, bla(CTX-M-15), n=31, bla(CTX-M-3), n=23 and bla(CTX-M-14), n=2) mainly mediating the ESBL phenotype. qnrS1 (18%, n=36) and oqxAB (15%, n=31) were the predominant PMQR genes and the prevalence of PMQR genes was much higher among phenotypic ESBL producers than that among phenotypic non-ESBL producers from any zoo. Notably, the PMQR genes qnrS1 and oqxAB and β-lactamase genes bla(TEM-1) and bla(CTX-M-3) were found together in 23 E. coli isolates in two zoos in Shanghai. PFGE analysis of these 23 isolates demonstrated nearly identical PFGE profiles (similarity matrix >97%) indicating this specific E. coli genotype was prevalent in these two zoos. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of these four genes coexisting in an E. coli genotype and the first report of antimicrobial resistance profiles in E. coli isolated from primates in China.     

广西畜禽产品中沙门氏菌血清型、耐药性及耐药基因调查

试验旨在了解广西部分地区畜禽产品中沙门氏菌血清型分布和耐药状况,以及β-内酰胺酶bla_TEM、bla_CTX-M基因和氟喹诺酮类抗生素耐药基因qnrA、oqxA、oqxB、aac（6'）-Ⅰ b-cr的流行情况。对沙门氏菌进行分离鉴定与血清型分型,采用K-B纸片法对其中随机挑选的80株分离株进行24种抗菌药物敏感性试验,并采用PCR方法进行耐药基因检测。结果显示,从零售生鲜畜禽肉中分离的176株沙门氏菌分属5个血清群,共26种血清型,主要优势血清群为B群60.23%（106/176）、E群18.75%（33/176）和C群15.91%（28/176）,主要优势血清型为德尔卑沙门氏菌35.23%（62/176）、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌11.93%（21/176）和伦敦沙门氏菌9.66%（17/176）。80株分离株对24种抗菌药物均产生不同程度的耐药,其中对复方新诺明、林可霉素、利福平的耐药率最高,均高于90.00%,对青霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、强力霉素、头孢拉啶、头孢氨苄、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、阿奇霉素的耐药率介于50.00%~90.00%之间,对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、氟苯尼考的耐药率小于10.00%;所有分离株均为多重耐药株,其中最少为2重耐药,最多为17重耐药,多重耐药性主要集中在10~16重耐药,共占总数的78.75%（63/80）。PCR结果显示,80株分离株各基因的检出率分别为：bla_TEM 98.75%（79/80）、bla_CTX-M 26.25%（21/80）、oqxA 26.25%（21/80）、oqxB 21.25%（17/80）、qnrA 16.25%（13/80）、aac（6'）-Ⅰb-cr 50.00%（40/80）。结果表明,广西畜禽产品源沙门氏菌血清型呈多样性分布,分离株的耐药情况严重,临床日益严重的耐药现象与耐药基因的普遍存在有很大的关系。