ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞建系初步研究

实验旨在探讨消化方式和胚胎发育阶段对ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)建系效率的影响。ICR小鼠3.5 d囊胚在饲养层上贴壁后采用单一酶消化或机械化与酶消化法相结合分离隆起的细胞集落,进行传代培养;然后选择二者中较优消化方式对不同发育时期囊胚所形成的细胞集落进行处理。结果表明:采用机械化与胰酶消化相结合的方式,形成的类ES细胞超过7代的比率(85.0%)要显著高于单一的胰酶消化(15.0%)(P<0.05);当用二者相结合的方式对ICR小鼠3.5 d(早期囊胚)、4.0 d(扩张囊胚)和4.5 d(孵化囊胚)所形成的细胞集落进行消化传代培养,三者在贴壁率和形成原代细胞集落率上均无显著差别(P>0.05),但传代超过7代的效率上早期囊胚和扩张囊胚均高于孵化囊胚(P<0.05)。结果提示,采用机械化与酶消化法相结合更适合于3.5～4.0 d ICR小鼠囊胚的ES细胞建系。     

山羊类ES细胞的分离与克隆

采集山羊交配后6～8d的桑椹胚、囊胚和孵化囊胚,将桑椹胚和囊胚分别放在小鼠原代胎儿成纤维细胞(PMEF)饲养层和同源原代胎儿成纤维细胞(PGEF)饲养层上比较其脱带时间及脱带率。脱带后,将各自一半胚胎切割,把含ICM的半胚分别放在相应饲养层上进行培养,另一半整胚在各自饲养层上继续培养,而孵化囊胚直接于PGEF饲养层上培养。当ICM增殖一定程度时进行传代,以比较其类ES细胞分离与克隆的效果。结果表明,在2种不同饲养层上,囊胚的脱带时间均短于桑椹胚,囊胚的脱带率均高于桑椹胚,而饲养层的种类对胚胎的脱带时间以及脱带率影响不大。脱带切割囊胚不论在PMEF还是在PGEF饲养层上,其贴壁时间均短于脱带整胚及孵化囊胚,而贴壁率高于脱带整胚,与孵化囊胚相似。脱带整胚及脱带切割胚在PMEF饲养层上所获类ES细胞只能维持3代,而在PGEF饲养层上,脱带切割半胚和孵化囊胚所获类ES细胞传至5代。由此认为,对脱带后的胚胎进行切割处理,有利于ICM的贴壁和增殖;应用同源原代胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层培养系统,有利于类ES细胞的分离与克隆。     

大鼠心肌条件培养基对ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞分离克隆的影响

采用大鼠心肌条件培养基(RH CM)培养ICR小鼠的桑椹胚和囊胚,发现由囊胚分离的ES细胞传代后ES集落的出现率显著高于桑椹胚(P<0.05),囊胚更适合作为ES细胞分离克隆的材料。以RH CM为培养基的试验组ES细胞传代的平均时间间隔为38 h,对照组传代的时间间隔平均为78 h,两者差异显著(P<0.05)。表明RH CM能够促进ES细胞贴壁增殖和ES集落的形成,有效地维持ES细胞未分化状态。试验中设计的3 种培养条件对原代ES集落的形成影响不显著,但对传代后的ES集落的形成和传代的代次有显著差异。其中以MEF作饲养层,添加RH CM培养基的效果最好。     

昆明小鼠胚胎收集时间和培养液对囊胚内细胞团集落分离培养的影响

本研究旨在筛选获取优质ICM集落的实验方法。以昆明系小鼠为实验动物,采集3.5、4 d和4.5 d的胚胎,分别移入DMEM培养液、DMEM+白血病抑制因子(LIF)和小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞共培养体系中进行培养,观察比较内细胞团(ICM)从透明带中孵出的时间、孵化囊胚贴壁情况以及ICM集落形成情况。结果表明:妊娠3.5 d的胚胎61%为桑椹胚,需要经过4～5 d的体外培养才能形成ICM集落;妊娠4 d的扩张囊胚经过3～4 d的共培养后形成ICM集落;妊娠4.5 d的孵化囊胚经过1～2 d的共培养即可形成ICM集落;ICM形成率以妊娠4.5 d的胚胎最高,显著高于妊娠4 d和3.5 d的胚胎(P<0.01),但妊娠4.5 d冲出孵化囊胚数量显著降低(P<0.01);小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞共培养体系优于DMEM和DMEM+LIF培养液。因此,采集妊娠4 d的昆明小鼠胚胎,选择小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞共培养体系,在体外培养3～4 d,能够有效分离培养出可用于胚胎干细胞研究的优质ICM。     

小鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的体细胞核移植

取成年小鼠唇部皮肤进行培养，分离成纤维细胞并血清饥饿培养1周，用作核供体。对成年小鼠进行超排，取卵母细胞用作核受体，核移植重构胚经SrCl2激活处理6h后，同mM16培养液和小鼠输卵管上皮细胞共培养，把发育到早期囊胚的重构胚转移至小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞饲养层上，添加ES细胞条件培养液，消化分离ICM，然后接种培养，对孵出的ES细胞样集落进行鉴定培养。结果显示，小鼠唇部皮肤成纤维细胞为核供体，核移植重构胚2-细胞率为54．05％，桑椹胚率17．14％，囊胚率6．90％，对照组卵丘细胞的核移植重构胚2-细胞率为60．00％，桑椹胚率21．85％，囊胚率11．69％，但2种供体细胞在支持核移植重构胚发育能力上差异不显著。成纤维细胞重构囊胚中6个囊胚分离出ES细胞样集落，3个ES细胞样集落可稳定传代；对照组卵丘细胞重构囊胚中9个囊胚中分离出ES细胞样集落，5个ES细胞样集落可稳定传代。从核移植重构胚中分离出的ES细胞样集落具有岛状或巢状群体生长形态，生长旺盛的集落可自发分化成单个散在或片状存在的上皮样或梭形细胞，碱性磷酸酶检测为阳性，常规冻存复苏，仍显示ES细胞特征。     

饲养层细胞的接种密度对分离培养胚胎干细胞的影响

建立有效的昆明白小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞(Mouse embryonic fibroblast,MEF)饲养层培养体系,用于分离和培养小鼠胚胎干细胞(Embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)的研究.(1)取怀孕14.5 d昆明白小鼠胎儿分离成纤维细胞,利用体外培养体系分离传代,选取生长旺盛并且已纯化的P3代的MEF,经丝裂霉素处理后.用细胞计数板计算活细胞数,分别按1×104、1×106、1×108/mL密度接种,制备饲养层,观察不同密度饲养层的生长状况.(2)取怀孕4 d的昆明白小鼠囊胚,接种在不同密度饲养层上.观察不同密度饲养层上囊胚、ICM及ES细胞的克隆生长情况.结果显示:囊胚在密度为1 × 106/mL的饲养层上,贴壁率和ICM孵出率分别为(97.0±3.606)%和(96.3±2.887)%,显著高于其他2组;密度为1×104/mL饲养层上的ES细胞克隆形成率高于密度为1×104/mL(差异极显著,P<0.01)和1×108/mL饲养层上的ES细胞克隆形成率(差异显著,P<0.05);而1×104/mL饲养层和1×108/mL饲养层上的ES细胞克隆形成率差异不显著(P>0.05).结果表明:以1×104/mL密度接种的MEF作为饲养层,最适合用于分离培养昆明白小鼠ES细胞,有利于囊胚的发育,ICM的增殖,促进ES细胞的增殖,并起到抑制其分化的作用.     

ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞的分离与培养

为了研究不同条件对ICR小鼠ES细胞的影响,试验以12.5～13.5 dICR小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)为饲养层,以3.5 d ICR小鼠胚胎为试验材料,探讨了血清、生长因子及传代方法对ICR小鼠ES细胞分离培养的影响.结果表明:采用含15%FBS的ES细胞培养液的囊胚贴壁率及ICM增殖率(79.3%,69.0%)均...     

ICR小鼠胚胎干细胞的分离与培养

为了研究不同条件对ICR小鼠ES细胞的影响,试验以12.5~13.5 d ICR小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)为饲养层,以3.5 d ICR小鼠胚胎为试验材料,探讨了血清、生长因子及传代方法对ICR小鼠ES细胞分离培养的影响。结果表明:采用含15%FBS的ES细胞培养液的囊胚贴壁率及ICM增殖率(79.3%,69.0%)均比含15%KSR、5%FBS+10%KSR的细胞培养液高(42.9%,28.6%;75.0%,54.2%),ES细胞最高传至6代;培养液中添加10 ng/mL LIF+10 ng/mL SCF的效果比单独添加1种因子的效果好,最高传至6代,高于单独添加1种因子的传代数(4代,2代);用3种传代方法进行传代时,采用差异贴壁法传代效果最佳,最高传至8代,酶消化法传至4代,机械加酶消化法传至6代。     

绵羊类胚胎干细胞的分离与克隆

从胚胎发育阶段、饲养层和培养体系等方面对影响绵羊类ES细胞分离、克隆效率的因素进行探讨。结果显示：致密桑葚胚和囊胚的ICM增殖率高于囊胚和孵化囊胚。绵羊类ES细胞在同源绵羊胎儿成纤维细胞（SEF）上生长比较缓慢,最终传代次数也低于小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞（MEF）组。培养液中同时添加胎牛血清（FBS）和Knock-out血清替代品（KSR）,绵羊类ES传至7代,添加了碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）后,最高可传至8代,而单纯添加KSR或FBS,分别传至4代和5代。对类ES细胞进行AKP染色、核型分析、体外分化试验,证实分离的类ES细胞符合ES细胞的主要特征,而且表达多潜能性细胞因子Nanog。由此认为,致密桑葚胚和囊胚更适合绵羊类ES细胞的体外分离和培养,而且MEF更适合于绵羊类ES细胞的分离传代,培养液中添加5%FBS和15%KSR,比较适合类ES细胞的分离传代,bFGF对绵羊类ES细胞的增殖具有促进作用。     

山羊原始生殖细胞分离与培养的影响因素

以本地白山羊胎儿的生殖嵴为试验材料,从原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells,PGCs)中分离培养得到胚胎生殖细胞(embryonic germ cells,EGCs),对其进行体外培养和鉴定等。胎儿生殖嵴在室温(25℃)下消化15 min,使用0.125%胰酶+0.02%EDTA比0.25%胰酶+0.04%EDTA效果好,差异显著(P<0.05);挑取集落法和胰酶消化法均能将PGCs传至第2代,两种方法差异不显著(P>0.05);以GEF为饲养层,在培养液中添加不同浓度和种类的细胞因子:①LIF:10 ng/mL;②LIF:20 ng/mL;③LIF(10 ng/mL)+SCF(10 ng/mL);④LIF(20 ng/mL)+SCF(20 ng/mL)。4种情况对于原代集落形成率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),均能得到传至第2代的EGCs;研究不同胎龄胎儿分离培养PGCs的效果,结果发现4例冠臀长小于15 mm的胎儿仅观察到一个原代集落,6例大于30 mm的胎儿没有观察到原代集落。     

Study on Time Period Model for Efficiently Collecting Hatched Blastocysts Flushed from Murine Uterus

The persent study was aimed to investigate the optimization of mice cage time after superovulation, and efficient acquisition of mouse hatched blastocysts.The experiment selected 150 ICR female mice aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 5 groups, the same time superovulation treatment according to 1:1, after the male and female in 18:00, 19:00, 20:00, 21:00 alloy cage overnight, the next day as early as 08:00 check, found that vaginal suppository for the first day of the pregnancy (D1).Take the pregnant the fifth day (D5) mice were sacrificed, their bilateral uterine horns, rushed from the embryonic.Statistics each thrust ratio and the total number of embryos hatched blastocysts/take not hatched blastocysts, was used as the index to evaluate embryos to obtain efficiency;Statistical trophectoderm cell number/inner cell mass number, as a reference index to evaluate the quality of embryo.The results found that groups of Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were no significant difference in the blastocyst number (P>0.05), but there was increasing trend, group Ⅳ was significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05).Groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ within the cell mass cells number/trophectoderm cell number were 23.18%, 23.55%, 21.72% and 23.28%, there was no significant difference in each group (P>0.05).The results showed that the corresponding set of Ⅳ cage got the time of mouse hatched blastocysts to obtain the highest efficiency, there was no significant differences in embryonic blastocyst quality.     

通过优化超排后合笼时间高效获取小鼠孵化囊胚

本试验旨在优化小鼠超排后的合笼时间,高效获取小鼠孵化囊胚。试验选用150只ICR系8周龄雌性小鼠,随机分为5组,同一时间超排处理后雌、雄按1:1于18:00、19:00、20:00、21:00合笼过夜,次日上午08:00查栓,发现阴道栓这为妊娠第1天(D1)。取妊娠第5天(D5)小鼠处死,剪取双侧子宫角,冲取胚胎。统计每组冲取胚胎的总数及孵化囊胚/未孵化囊胚的比值,作为胚胎获取效率的评价指标;统计内细胞团数/滋养外胚层细胞团数,作为评价胚胎质量的参考指标。结果发现,在数量上组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ囊胚数差异不显著(P>0.05),但有增高趋势,组Ⅳ囊胚数显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ、组Ⅳ内细胞团数/滋养外胚层细胞团数分别为23.18%、23.55%、21.72%和23.28%,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,组Ⅳ所对应的合笼时间获取小鼠孵化囊胚获取效率最高,胚胎囊胚质量无明显差异。     

程序化冷冻前后小鼠正常孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中C3基因表达的研究

试验旨在研究程序化冷冻前后小鼠正常孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中C3蛋白的分布及转录水平的差异表达情况,为阐明哺乳动物胚胎在抗冻过程中的相关调控机制提供理论依据。试验选用ICR系雌性小鼠,从妊娠第5天小鼠子宫回收正常孵化囊胚;构建延迟着床模型获取小鼠休眠胚胎,利用激光共聚焦和实时荧光定量PCR技术对各组胚胎进行细胞免疫荧光和C3 mRNA相对表达量的检测。结果发现,程序化冷冻前后的正常孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中C3在转录和翻译水平均有表达;正常孵化囊胚经冷冻处理后C3 mRNA相对表达量显著上调（P < 0.05）;休眠胚胎冷冻后C3 mRNA相对表达量与冷冻前相比显著下调（P < 0.05）;冷冻前休眠胚胎C3 mRNA相对表达量显著高于冷冻前正常孵化囊胚（P < 0.05）;冷冻后休眠胚胎C3 mRNA相对表达量显著低于冷冻后正常孵化囊胚（P < 0.05）。结果表明,胚胎中C3基因在转录水平的下调表达对胚胎抗冻具有一定的积极作用,C3基因很可能参与了胚胎抗冻过程的相关调控。     

Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell‐Like Cells and Preimplantation Embryos Exhibit Comparable Expression of Pluripotency‐Related Antigens

In this study, inner cell mass (ICM) cells were isolated from in vitro produced buffalo blastocysts and were cultured on mitomycin‐C treated buffalo foetal fibroblast feeder layer for producing embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among different sources (hatched vs expanded blastocysts) or methods (enzymatic vs mechanical), mechanical isolation of ICM from hatched blastocysts resulted in the highest primary colony formation rate and the maximum passage number up to which ES cells survived. Putative ES cells expressed alkaline phosphatase and exhibited a normal karyotype up to passage 7. Putative ES cells and embryos at 2‐ to 4‐cell, 8‐ to 16‐cell, morula and blastocyst stages strongly expressed stage‐specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)‐4 but lacked expressions of SSEA‐1 and SSEA‐3. Putative ES cells also expressed tumour rejection antigen (TRA)‐1‐60, TRA‐1‐81 and Oct4. Whereas in all early embryonic stages, TRA‐1‐60 was observed only in the periplasmic space, and TRA‐1‐81 expression was observed as small spots at a few places inside the embryos, both these markers were expressed by ICM. Oct4 expression, which was observed at all the embryonic stages and also in the trophectoderm, was the strongest in the ICM. Buffalo putative ES cells possess a unique pluripotency‐related surface antigen phenotype, which resembles that of the ICM.     

Enhancing effects of serum-rich and cytokine-supplemented culture conditions on developing blastocysts and deriving porcine parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells

The present study was conducted to develop an effective method for establishment of porcine parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (ppESCs) from parthenogenetically activated oocyte-derived blastocysts. The addition of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the medium on the 3rd day of oocyte culturing improved the development of blastocysts, attachment of inner cell masses (ICMs) onto feeder cells, and formation of primitive ppESC colonies. ICM attachment was further enhanced by basic fibroblast growth factor, stem cell factor, and leukemia inhibitory factor. From these attached ICMs, seven ppESC lines were established. ppESC pluripotency was verified by strong enzymatic alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of pluripotent markers OCT3/4, Nanog, and SSEA4. Moreover, the ppESCs were induced to form an embryoid body and teratoma. Differentiation into three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) was confirmed by the expression of specific markers for the layers and histological analysis. In conclusion, data from the present study suggested that our modified culture conditions using FBS and cytokines are highly useful for improving the generation of pluripotent ppESCs.