毛薯多糖提取分离工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

毛薯是海南的传统杂粮，富含植物多糖。本研究以毛薯块茎粉末为材料探究毛薯多糖的提取工艺和抗氧化活性。采用热水提取法分别进行单因素和三因素三水平L9(33)正交实验，优化毛薯多糖提取工艺。毛薯粗多糖溶液经Sveag法除蛋白、透析、DEAE-52纤维素柱和SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析分离纯化得到毛薯精多糖。采用DPPH法、羟自由基法、超氧阴离子法和还原法检测毛薯多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明：热水提取法最佳工艺条件为温度70℃、料液比1∶15、提取时间3 h，毛薯多糖提取率为1.94%；毛薯多糖经过多次分离纯化后，得到纯度均一的中性多糖；毛薯精多糖DPPH自由基清除能力较弱，1～5 mg/mL的清除率保持在10%左右，且随着多糖浓度的升高，清除能力逐渐下降；毛薯精多糖羟自由基活性随着多糖浓度的升高，活性逐渐增加，在5 mg/mL时清除率最高达到34.74%；毛薯精多糖超阴氧离子自由基活性随着多糖浓度的升高，活性逐渐降低，在1 mg/mL时清除率最高达67.35%；毛薯精多糖还原能力较弱，1～5 mg/mL的还原力最高为0.17。该研究优化了毛薯多糖的提取工艺，毛薯多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性...     

大麻叶中总黄酮提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性测定

为优化大麻叶总黄酮提取工艺并评估大麻叶总黄酮抗氧化活性,研究在单因素试验基础上,以提取时间、提取温度、料液比和乙醇体积分数为影响因素,总黄酮浸提量为评价指标,采用响应面试验设计优化提取工艺。采用FRAP总抗氧化能力测定试验、DPPH自由基清除试验以及ABTS自由基清除试验对总黄酮提取物进行抗氧化活性评价。结果表明:提取大麻叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1∶20(g/m L)、提取时间2.0 h、提取温度70℃。在该最优提取条件下,大麻叶总黄酮浸提量为14.28 mg/g。抗氧化试验表明,大麻叶总黄酮的总抗氧化能力相当于1.288 mmol/L Fe SO4,对DPPH自由基的清除能力(IC50=3.7μg/m L)低于VC的清除能力(IC50=2.3μg/m L),而对ABTS自由基的清除力相当于0.391 mmol/L的Trolox。该工艺提取大麻叶得到的总黄酮含量较高,且具有一定的抗氧化性,可为未来大麻叶总黄酮的开发提供一定的科学依据。     

油松松塔多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

目的研究油松松塔多糖的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,为充分开发利用油松松塔多糖提供依据。方法:研究单因素试验,再通过正交实验考察各因素对多糖提取率的影响,以确定油松松塔多糖的最佳提取工艺。采用DPPH、ABTS及还原力法测定油松松塔多糖的抗氧化能力。结果单因素对多糖提取率的影响由大到小依次为:料液比提取温度提取时间,热回流提取油松松塔多糖的最佳条件为:料液比1:30(g/mL),回流时间8h,回流温度100℃,其多糖含量为1.12g/100g。油松松塔多糖对DPPH、ABTS自由基有较好的清除作用,当浓度为10mg/mL时清除率分别为86.2%和83.7%。其还原力也较强。结论得出热回流法提取油松松塔多糖的最佳提取工艺,其抗氧化效果良好。     

玫瑰茄总黄酮超声波-微波协同提取及抗氧化活性

采用Box-Behnken响应面试验设计法对玫瑰茄总黄酮超声波-微波协同提取工艺进行优化,研究了乙醇浓度、液固比、提取时间、微波功率、提取次数5个单因素对总黄酮提取量的影响,建立了乙醇浓度、液固比和微波功率的三因素回归模型,并研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明,提取的最佳工艺参数为乙醇浓度40%、液固比50∶1（mL/g）、微波功率250 W、提取时间20 min、超声波功率50 W,在此条件下提取2次,总黄酮提取量为40.2 mg/g。同时以维生素C作对照,研究了玫瑰茄总黄酮粗提物和纯化物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,玫瑰茄总黄酮粗提物和纯化物都具有较强的抗氧化活性,能够有效清除O₂^-?自由基和DPPH自由基,清除能力与浓度呈较明显的量效关系,但抗氧化能力较维生素C弱。     

超声辅助提取澳洲坚果青皮总黄酮工艺优化及抗氧化性能研究

以澳洲坚果青皮为原料,研究了超声辅助提取总黄酮工艺条件以及抗氧化活性。通过L₉(3 ⁴)正交试验得到超声功率为300 W条件下的最佳提取工艺:提取时间为45 min、乙醇浓度为50%、提取温度为50 ℃、料液比为1:60 （g/mL）,在此条件下总黄酮提取量为(1638.59±44.26) mg/100 g。通过抗氧化实验发现,澳洲坚果青皮总黄酮ABTS自由清除能力约为Trolox的2.48倍,总抗氧化还原能力约为Trolox的1.90倍,由此表明澳洲坚果青皮总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

绿茶和白茶中茶多酚提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性比较

通过正交试验优化绿茶和白茶中茶多酚提取工艺,采用羟基自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力评价其抗氧化活性.结果表明:绿茶中的茶多酚最佳提取工艺为超声温度60℃、料液比为1:50 g/mL、乙醇浓度70％、超声时间110 min,提取率为19.68％;白茶中的茶多酚最佳提取工艺为超声温度70℃、料液比为1:60 g/mL、乙醇浓度80％、超声时间90 min,提取率12.07％.对羟基自由基的IC50值为:绿茶76.76μg/mL、白茶101.29μg/mL、Vc 145.17μg/mL;对DPPH自由基的IC50值为:绿茶47.53μg/mL、白茶69.55μg/mL、Vc 156.12μg/mL.两种茶均具有很强的抗氧化活性,且绿茶强于白茶.     

鱼腥草总黄酮超声-微波辅助提取及其抗氧化活性

在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面法优化鱼腥草总黄酮超声-微波辅助提取最佳工艺条件,并采用清除 DPPH·和·OH 法评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度 41%,料液比（g∶mL）1∶40,超声 功率 200 W,超声温度 50 ℃,超声时间 40 min,微波功率 260 W,微波时间 40 s。该工艺条件下,鱼腥草总黄酮提取 率为 5.65%,与模型预测值相符。说明超声-微波辅助提取鱼腥草总黄酮的工艺稳定可靠。鱼腥草总黄酮对 DPPH·和·OH 的清除率具有一定的量效关系,均明显高于同浓度的 BHT 溶液。说明鱼腥草总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

菠萝皮可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺的研究

为了提高菠萝的综合利用水平,以菠萝皮为原料,采用纤维素酶水解法从菠萝皮中提取可溶性膳食纤维,以单因素试验为基础,对正交试验的工艺参数进行优化。结果表明：菠萝皮可溶性膳食纤维最佳的提取工艺条件为：纤维素酶浓度0.7％、料液比1 ∶ 30、酶解温度60 ℃、浸提4次、pH 5.6、酶解时间75 min;在此工艺条件下,可溶性膳食纤维的提取率可达23.89％;膳食纤维的持水力为11.86 g/g,溶胀性为15.5 mL/g,持油力6.94 g/g。此结果表明菠萝皮膳食纤维具有良好的理化性能。     

台湾青枣多糖抗氧化活性的研究

以热水浸提法(料水比1∶4,100℃下提取4h)从台湾青枣(Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)果实中提取的多糖为材料,通过清除超氧阴离子自由基(O.-2)、清除羟基自由基(.OH)能力和还原能力等来评价台湾青枣多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明:台湾青枣多糖清除.OH能力和还原能力均随多糖浓度的增加而上升;10mg/mL的多糖对.OH的清除率高达98%,0.5mg/mL的多糖对O.-2的清除率为29.1%,6mg/mL多糖的还原能力在700nm下的吸光值为0.82。说明台湾青枣多糖有较强的抗氧化能力,对体外自由基有较好的清除作用。     

滑菇胞内多糖的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

为了探讨滑菇胞内多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,本研究采用热水浸提的方法,在单因素试验结果的基础上,建立以滑菇胞内多糖得率为响应值的二次回归模型。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为浸提温度84℃,浸提时间1.5 h,液固比40:1 m L/g,测得滑菇胞内多糖提取得率为(34.020 8±0.043 3)%。同时以清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、ABTS自由基及还原能力为指标,对滑菇胞内多糖的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果显示,滑菇胞内多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力。本研究对滑菇胞内多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化活性进行研究,旨在为后续研究滑菇胞内多糖提供试验依据,为进一步综合开发和利用提供一定的理论支持。      

苦丁茶不同提取物抗氧化活性比较及其GC-MS分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）,对苦丁茶超声辅助不同有机溶剂（乙醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚）提取物及超临界CO₂萃取物的体外抗氧化活性（DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除活性、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性和ABTS ⁺自由基清除能力）进行比较分析。结果表明,苦丁茶不同提取物DPPH清除能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除活性依次为：超声-乙醇提取物>超临界CO₂萃取物>超声-乙酸乙酯提取物>超声-石油醚提取物,羟基自由基和ABTS ⁺自由基清除能力依次为：超声-乙醇提取物>超声-乙酸乙酯提取物>超临界CO₂萃取物>超声-石油醚提取物。GC-MS结果显示,苦丁茶不同提取物中主要有5类物质,共有49种化学成分,7种共有成分。     

辣木籽多糖的超高压辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

超高压辅助提取技术是一种天然产物新型绿色高效提取技术,在保证提取效率的同时能最大限度保持天然产物的生物活性。为探究超高压辅助提取技术对辣木籽多糖的提取效果及其抗氧化活性的影响,本研究以辣木籽为原料,通过超高压辅助提取技术提取辣木籽中的水溶性多糖,以多糖得率为考察指标,以提取压力、提取时间、料液比、粉碎度作为单因素,在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验设计方法优化辣木籽多糖的超高压辅助提取工艺,并通过测定总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH自由基（DPPH•）和羟自由基（•OH）的能力来分析辣木籽水溶性多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,辣木籽多糖最佳的超高压辅助提取工艺条件为：提取压力100 MPa、保压时间6 min、料液比（g/mL）1:15、粉碎度100目筛,在最佳提取工艺条件下辣木籽多糖最大提取得率为0.346%;在测试范围内辣木籽多糖清除DPPH自由基能力随多糖浓度的增加而增加,并有较好的线性关系,清除率达到50%时对应的浓度（IC₅₀）为0.0439 g/L,但是其抗氧化能力低于相同浓度的Vc,在测试范围内清除羟自由基能力也随辣木籽多糖浓度的增加而增加,也有较好的线性关系,IC₅₀为0.1666 g/L,其抗氧化能力与同浓度的Vc较接近,辣木籽多糖的总抗氧化能力为0.0482 mmol/L（以硫酸亚铁的当量浓度表示）。与热水提取方法相比,超高压辅助提取方法能够缩短提取时间,提取温度大大降低,提取效率显著提高;而且提取的辣木籽水溶性多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力,可以作为天然抗氧化剂进行开发利用。本研究结果可为天然抗氧化剂的开发、辣木资源的综合开发及高值化利用提供技术支持和参考。     

纤维素酶辅助法提取柚子皮中多糖的工艺研究

目的纤维素酶辅助法在柚子皮多糖提取的应用。并筛选出最佳提取条件。方法采取单因素及正交实验的方法,对料液比、反映时间、酶解温度、pH值以及酶含量进行考察,以柚子皮多糖的提取量作为评价指标,找到最佳提取条件。结果酶辅助提取的最佳提取工艺：料液比1：30、反映时间5．5h、酶解温度60℃、pH值5．5、酶含量0．1％。结论纤维素酶辅助法可作为柚子皮多糖提取的一种有效方法。     

Phenolics,Sugars, Antimicrobial and Free-Radical-Scavenging Activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melicoccus bijugatus</Emphasis> Jacq. Fruits from the Dominican Republic and Florida

Edible fruits of the native South American tree Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. are consumed fresh or in traditional food, drink and medicinal preparations. Some therapeutic effects of these fruits may be due to phenolics and sugars. Aqueous acetone, methanol or ethanol tissue extracts of different cultivars or collections of M. bijugatus fruits from the Dominican Republic and Florida were analyzed for total phenolics and free radical scavenging activity by UV-vis spectroscopy, sugars by gas chromatography, and antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion assay. Total phenolics and free radical scavenging activities ranked: seed coat > embryo > pulp extracts. Montgomery cultivar fruits had the highest total phenolics. For sugars: pulp > embryo and highest in Punta Cana fruit pulp. In all extracts: sucrose > glucose and fructose. Glucose:fructose ratios were 1:1 (pulp) and 0.2:1 (embryo). Pulp extracts had dose-response antibacterial activity and pulp and embryo extracts had antifungal activity against one yeast species. Phenolics and sugars were confirmed with thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Sugar-free pulp fractions containing phenolics had slightly more antimicrobial activity than H₂O-soluble pulp fractions with sugars. Results indicate M. bijugatus fruits contain phenolics, sugars and other H₂O-soluble compounds consistent with therapeutic uses. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Determination of the Extraction,Physicochemical Characterization,and Digestibility of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Seaweed—Porphyra haitanensis

The aim of the study was to extract Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides (PHPs) using the water extraction and alcohol precipitation methods and explore their antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties. The single-factor and Box-Behnken response surface methodologies were used to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis. Our results showed that the polysaccharide yield was as high as 20.48% with a raw material to water ratio of 0.04, and extraction time of 3 h at 80 °C. The extraction rate observed was similar to the actual extraction rate, thus proving the reliability of the optimization model. The extracted polysaccharides primarily consisted of galactose, glucose, and fucose in the molar ratio 76.2:2.1:1, respectively. The high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) results showed that the molecular weight of the PHPs obtained was 6.3 × 10⁵ Da, and the sulfate content was 2.7 mg/mL. Fourier infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the functional groups and structures of the polysaccharides. The effect of concentration, temperature, and pH on the apparent viscosity of the PHPs solution were studied using rheology experiments, which revealed that PHPs were a “non-Newtonian fluid” with shear-thinning behavior. The viscosity of the PHPs gradually increased with increasing sugar concentration, and decreased with increasing temperature, acidity, and alkalinity. Detection of the antioxidant activity of OH*, DPPH*, and ABTS* revealed that the scavenging activity of ABTS* was higher than that of OH* and DPPH* in the concentration range of 1–5 mg/mL. In the experiments of simulating gastric juice and alpha amylase in vitro, it was found that PHPs can better resist digestion of alpha amylase, and have better resistance than fructooligosaccharide (FOS), so PHPs have potential prebiotic activity. These findings demonstrate the potential of PHPs for use in the food and cosmetic industries.     

微波真空干燥对铁皮石斛品质特性影响的研究

本研究以新鲜铁皮石斛为原料,采用微波真空干燥方法干燥,通过测定铁皮石斛的多糖含量、色泽、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、水分分布状态、组成氨基酸以及多酚的DPPH?和?OH清除率,研究微波真空干燥对铁皮石斛品质特性的影响。结果表明：相比于新鲜样品,当微波强度为9 W/g,干燥后样品的多糖含量最高可达52.21%;氨基酸分析仪分析结果表明,微波真空干燥后铁皮石斛的总游离氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量显著提高。在微波强度9 、12 、15 W/g下,微波真空干燥的铁皮石斛的PPO活性分别在干燥16、12、6 min后不再存在,表明微波真空干燥能够在较短时间内钝化铁皮石斛的PPO活性,且微波强度越大时间越短。干燥过程的非酶促褐变主要由Maillard反应引起。低场核磁共振结果表明,自由水驰豫时间T₂₃和A₂₃均显著降低。自由基清除能力研究结果表明,铁皮石斛多酚仍具有较强的羟基自由基清除能力。通过观察干燥后样品的微观结构发现,随着微波功率密度的增大,样品孔状结构受到更严重破坏,微波强度越大,铁皮石斛的复水特性越好。     

乌龙茶加工过程多糖的变化、组分分离及特性研究

在乌龙茶加工过程中,多糖含量以及组成多糖的中性糖、蛋白质含量呈递减趋势,从鲜叶至第2次摇青结束,下降幅度小,但第3次摇青后大幅度下降,而糖醛酸的变化较小;加工过程多糖清除·OH和自由基的趋势基本一致,呈现抛物线变化,活性最高峰出现在第2次摇青结束,多酚类保留量为85%左右可以作为制定乌龙茶加工过程高活性茶多糖的形成指标。采用纤维素和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法分离纯化乌龙茶多糖,各级分中性糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸含量以及清除OH、的作用有较大差异。获得的乌龙茶多糖主要组分OTPS2-1是富含糖醛酸和少量蛋白质的三元糖复合物,相对重均分子质量为8.877×104,糖基由半乳糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖和鼠李糖组成,其摩尔比为7.58:2.14:7.05:1.76:1.02。O2.O2.     

The effect of extraction process on polyphenol content, triterpene composition and bioactivity of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) extracts

Crude ethanol extracts from different tissues of Betula alleghaniensis: wood, inner and outer bark, foliage, and twigs were evaluated for their nitric oxide (NO)-radical scavenging activities and inhibitory effects on the production of NO in LPS/INFγ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As a renewed interest in plant-derived drugs has led to an increased need for efficient extraction methods, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was investigated and compared with conventional maceration. The lower energy consumption by the UAE process compared to maceration determined in our study qualifies also this extraction as an environmentally friendly process. Our results indicate that the foliage extract has the most potent radical scavenging capacity while wood and twigs extracts exert the highest inhibitory effects on the production of NO in LPS/INFγ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Extracts obtained by UAE present lower cytotoxic activity on RAW cells. Our results also demonstrate that ultrasounds help to selectively extract the bioactive molecules from foliage, twigs and wood, which inhibit the production of NO by macrophages. The highest total phenol content has been determined for the inner bark extracts and the flavonoids are the major phenolics present in foliage extracts. Poor correlations determined between the total phenols and radical scavenging capacity of the extracts indicates to the synergistic or antagonist effects of molecules present, various polyphenols and triterpenes being identified in the extracts studied in this research.     

Antioxidant and Immunity Activity of Water Extract and Crude Polysaccharide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ficus carica</Emphasis> L. Fruit

The antioxidative activities of water extract (WE) and crude hot-water soluble polysaccharide (PS) from Ficus carica L. fruit were investigated using various assays in vitro, including scavenging abilities on DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reducing power. The immunity activities of PS were evaluated using the carbon clearance test and serum hemolysin analysis in mice. In addition, total phenolics and flavonoids contents were also determined. Both WE and PS have notable scavenging activities on DPPH with the EC₅₀ values of 0.72 and 0.61 mg/ml, respectively. The PS showed higher scavenging activity than WE on superoxide radical (EC₅₀, 0.95 mg/ml) and hydroxyl anion radical (scavenging rate 43.4% at concentration of 4 mg/ml). The PS (500 mg/kg) also has a significant increase in the clearance rate of carbon particles and serum hemolysin level of normal mice. The results indicate that both WE and PS might be applicable in healthy medicine and food industry.