水稻土镉污染与水稻镉含量相关性研究

采用盆栽试验的方法,考察了水稻土中重金属镉（Cd）的浓度对水稻生长及Cd富集的影响以及Cd在水稻植株的分布情况,并进一步研究了糙米（可食部位）对Cd的富集量与土壤中Cd总量的关系。结果表明,在各个浓度Cd胁迫下,根、茎叶、稻壳、糙米相比,2个品种水稻都是根累积的Cd含量要高于茎叶和稻壳、糙米,即根〉茎叶〉稻壳〉糙米;在水稻的茎叶细胞中,Cd主要分布在细胞壁,细胞可溶性成分,细胞器Cd的分布量较少,即细胞壁〉可溶性部分〉细胞器及膜部分;随Cd浓度增加,茎叶中的Cd积累量极显著增加,各细胞组分中的Cd含量均显著增加;根据国标GB 2762—2005对大米中Cd的限量标准（≤0.2 mg.kg^-1）,水稻土土壤总Cd临界值分别为2.0 mg.kg^-（1博优225）、3.1 mg.kg^-（1矮糯）。因此,在污染土壤上宜选种食用部位重金属积累低的水稻品种,以减少人类吸收重金属的风险。     

Rhizosphere Cadmium Speciation and Mechanisms of Cadmium Tolerance in Different Oilseed Rape Species

ABSTRACT

The role of rhizosphere processes in cadmium (Cd) uptake by plants and mechanisms of Cd tolerance is unexplored and a matter of debate. Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to investigate rhizosphere Cd speciation and mechanisms of Cd tolerance in different oilseed rape (Brassica juncea L. and Brassica napus L.) species using a sequential extraction technique. A Cd-tolerant oilseed rape, Xikou Huazi, a non-tolerant oilseed rape, Zhongyou 821, and an Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were used in the study. The results showed that three predominant forms of Cd in the plants were NaCl-extractable Cd, acetic acid-extractable Cd, and water-extractable Cd. The concentration of water-extractable Cd in Xikou Huazi was significantly lower than in Zhongyou 821. A significant depletion of exchangeable Cd was observed in the rhizosphere soil of oilseed rapes Xikou Huazi and Zhongyou 821, as well as Indian mustard. At 60 mg kg^?1 of soil Cd concentration, the concentrations of carbonate-bound and organically bound Cd in the rhizosphere soil of Xikou Huazi were significantly higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil. The concentrations of these two Cd speciations were higher in the rhizosphere soil of Xikou Huazi than in the rhizosphere soil of Zhongyou 821. However, for Zhongyou 821, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of these two Cd speciations between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere at 30 and 60 mg kg^?1 of soil Cd concentrations. A significant difference existed in rhizosphere Cd speciations and Cd forms in the plants between Cd-tolerant oilseed rape and non-tolerant oilseed rape. This difference was the main reason that Cd-tolerant oilseed rapes take up and accumulate Cd.     

赤泥对Cd污染稻田水稻生长及吸收累积Cd的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了不同赤泥施用量对酸性Cd污染稻田（潮泥田）水稻生长及吸收累积Cd的影响。结果表明,赤泥施用量为4 948 kg·hm-2时水稻产量达到最高,其主要作用是促进了水稻有效穗的形成。同时施用赤泥能显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤有效态Cd含量和减少水稻Cd累积。与不施赤泥的对照相比,施用赤泥3 000 kg·hm-2的处理水稻增产12.4%（P〈0.05）,水稻根Cd降低22.0%（P〈0.05）,糙米Cd（0.14 mg·kg-1）降低40.8%（P〈0.01）,并达到国家粮食卫生标准（GB2715—2005）;当赤泥施用量增至9 000 kg·hm-2时,土壤pH提高12.0%（P〈0.01）,有效态Cd含量降低24.9%（P〈0.05）,水稻根系、茎叶和糙米Cd分别降低55.7%（P〈0.01）、54.5%（P〈0.01）和69.9%（P〈0.01）。表明利用赤泥修复中轻度酸性Cd污染土壤是可行的,并能起到改良土壤和促进水稻增产的效果。试验所用赤泥重金属含量很低,不会造成二次污染。但将赤泥大面积应用于酸性Cd污染稻田还需要系统研究应用参数,并采取农机配套和激励机制来鼓励农民自发行动的积极性。     

圆叶决明（Chamaecrista rotundifolia）对重金属镉胁迫的响应及镉吸收效果研究

以圆叶决明2228（Chamaecrista rotundifolia）为材料,采用土培法,研究重金属镉对圆叶决明2228保护酶（SOD和POD）、生长（生物量、株高、SPAD值和含水量等）的影响,同时分析圆叶决明对镉的吸收效果。结果表明,重金属镉胁迫下圆叶决明2228保护酶活性均随着镉处理浓度的升高呈先升后降的趋势,其中20mg·kg^-1镉胁迫下SOD酶活性最强,50mg·kg^-1镉胁迫下POD酶活性最强;镉对圆叶决明的生长抑制表现为抑制植物的生长,降低株高和生物量,但与叶绿素相关的SPAD值无显著变化。通过镉含量分析可知,圆叶决明2228吸收的镉量均未超过镉临界指标含量,因此该植物不是镉超富集植物,但生物富集系数大于1,为镉耐性植物。由于圆叶决明生长过程中生物量大,在生长过程中可通过生物量带走部分重金属镉,圆叶决明2228具有修复轻度镉污染土壤的潜能。     

Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance of Two Salix Genotypes Hydroponically Grown in Presence of Cadmium

Abstract

In general, according to previous studies, pioneer species do not require arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to increase their growth and survival in tropical systems. The aim of this study was to determine the dependence response to AMF of Heliocarpus appendiculatus, a pioneer species, at different phosphorus (P) levels. In a greenhouse experiment, H. appendiculatus seedlings were grown in pots with a sterile vermiculite-sand mixture (1:1). Two sets of pots were set up: One set was inoculated (150 spores per pot) with indigenous AMF from a tropical rain forest at “Los Tuxtlas” (Veracruz, Mexico); the other set was not inoculated. To each set, 0, 0.02, 0.2, and 2 g L^?1P was added. All pots were watered with 250 mL of nutrient solution. Mycorrhizal plants showed a higher total dry weight and relative growth rate in 0.02 g L^?1P concentration, while nonmycorrhizal plants responded positively at 0.2 g L^?1P; a decrease in plant responses at higher P levels was observed in both treatments. H. appendiculatus showed to have higher relative dependence at lower P concentration (≈50%). As levels of P increased, mycorrhizal colonization decreased. Successful growth of pioneer species during succession process may be improved if there is AMF content in soils, prior to disturbance.     

中华稻蝗（Oxya chinensis）对重金属镉的累积及排泄

为了研究重金属镉（Cd）在植食性昆虫体内的累积和排泄规律,通过Cd慢性染毒的方法,用不同浓度Cd溶液培养的麦苗饲喂中华稻蝗（从4龄若虫至成虫）,采用原子吸收法测定Cd在中华稻蝗（Oxyachinensis）整虫和中肠的蓄积及Cd在其粪便和蜕中的排泄量。研究结果表明,Cd在中华稻蝗整虫和中肠中的累积规律相似,即随着麦苗中Cd含量的增加,整虫和中肠中Cd的累积量明显升高,且各处理间存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。部分Cd可以通过粪便的排泄和蜕皮过程而排出体外。用不同Cd浓度的麦苗饲喂中华稻蝗后,其粪便和蜕中的Cd排泄量与对照组相比显著升高（P〈0.05）,且各处理间差异显著（P〈0.05）。中华稻蝗整虫、中肠、粪便和蜕中的Cd含量与食物（麦苗叶片）中的Cd含量存在显著的剂量-反应关系,其相关系数分别为：整虫0.977、中肠0.920、粪便0.967、蜕0.840。研究结果可为进一步研究Cd在中华稻蝗体内积累和排泄的动态变化规律提供理论和实验依据。     

生物炭对镉胁迫下花生根系形态学特性及根镉含量的影响

试验采用盆栽方式,在3种不同镉(Cd)污染土壤中分别施用4种用量生物炭(C),探讨生物炭对镉胁迫下花生根长、根直径、根体积、侧根数、根系生物量和根镉含量影响。研究结果表明,在花生同一生长时期,相同镉处理条件下,花生的各项根系指标随着生物炭施入量的加大而逐渐增加,且这种趋势随着生育时期的延长变得更明显。在C100、C150处理下,苗期花生的根直径、侧根数和根系生物量随着Cd浓度的增加呈现Cd1Cd10Cd0的趋势,表明生物炭的施入,增加了花生苗期的镉耐性;而花生结荚期,不同生物炭施入处理下,花生各形态学指标均呈现Cd0Cd1Cd10的趋势,显示出在花生生殖后期,前期低浓度镉产生的刺激作用逐渐消失,生物炭对镉胁迫的缓解作用与花生发育时期有关。花生根镉含量与生物炭施用量之间存在极显著负相关关系,相关系数范围在-0.988至-0.922之间。灰色关联度分析显示,在花生苗期和花针期,侧根数、根系生物量是影响根镉含量的主要因素。研究未发现过多的生物炭施入对作物根系形态学指标的抑制作用。     

Response of Cadmium Uptake in Different Barley Genotypes to Cadmium Level

A greenhouse hydroponic experiment was performed out to study the cadmium (Cd) uptake by four different barley cultivars at two Cd levels. The results showed that Cd concentrations in roots and shoots increased with Cd levels in the solution and Cd concentration in roots was much higher than that in shoots. The amount of Cd accumulated by plants increased continually with the duration of treatment, and the highest Cd concentration in roots and aboveground tissues was found approximately at the 100th and 70th day after Cd addition, respectively. Genotypes differed significantly in relation to Cd concentration in roots and aboveground tissues. Wumaoliuling showed a higher Cd concentration than the other three genotypes, while Mimai 114 had the lowest concentration. Cadmium uptake rate per plant increased slowly before the booting stage, then increased sharply during the 70–100 d period (approximately late elongation to booting stage), and after that Cd uptake rate tended to slow dramatically. However, the Cd uptake rate per unit of dry biomass showed a significant reduction after booting stage (70 d after Cd exposure), and the Cd uptake pattern varied by Cd levels in the medium. At the lower Cd level (0.1 μM), there were two peaks in Cd uptake rate, appearing at the seedling (20–30 d after Cd exposure) and stem elongation stages (50–70 d after Cd exposure), respectively, while there was only one peak at the stem elongation stage at the higher Cd level (1 μ M).     

耐性植物秸秆覆盖对荠菜生长及镉积累的影响

[目的]研究秸秆覆盖对富集植物重金属积累的影响,筛选能促进荠菜生长和镉积累的镉耐性植物.[方法]通过盆栽试验研究镉污染条件下,覆盖4种镉耐性植物(扬子毛茛、通泉草、邻近风轮菜和车前)秸秆对荠菜生长及镉积累的影响。[结果]覆盖扬子毛茛、通泉草、邻近风轮菜和车前秸秆后,荠菜的地上部分生物量、总生物量和叶片叶绿素含量值均低于未覆盖处理。覆盖扬子毛茛、通泉草、邻近风轮菜和车前秸秆的荠菜总生物量则较未覆盖分别降低了34.04%,49.85%,40.27%和18.39%。只有覆盖邻近风轮菜秸秆提高了荠菜根系镉含量,而覆盖扬子毛茛和通泉草秸秆则提高了荠菜地上部分镉含量(较未覆盖分别提高了18.61%和12.87%)。然而,覆盖4种耐性植物的荠菜根系、地上部分及整株镉积累量均低于未覆盖。[结论]在盆栽条件下,覆盖镉耐性植物(扬子毛茛、通泉草、邻近风轮菜和车前)秸秆不能提高荠菜对镉污染土壤的修复能力。     

土壤中水分和镉供应量对油菜器官中镉分布特征的影响

为探究油菜作为镉(Cd)污染农田修复植物的可行性,本研究以德油5号为试验材料,采用全生育期土培盆栽试验,设置高、中、低3个水平的土壤水分及4个水平的土壤镉含量,研究不同土壤水分条件下油菜对镉的吸收和富集规律。结果表明,土壤水分与镉浓度对油菜的吸镉能力影响显著,且其吸收量随着土壤水分与镉浓度的增加而增大;油菜不同器官的镉含量差异较大,其地上部分吸镉量为土壤总镉含量的0.41%～1.17%,叶片镉含量为总吸收量的46.4%～72.6%;不同水分条件下,油菜器官的镉富集量差异明显,高水、中水处理下油菜各器官的镉富集表现为叶>茎>根>角果壳>籽粒,低水处理下表现为叶>根>茎>角果壳>籽粒。综上,油菜整体具有较强的吸镉能力,但镉离子不溶于菜籽油,说明油菜可吸收土壤中的镉,又不影响菜籽油食用,是修复镉污染农田土壤的理想植物。本研究为利用油菜进行重金属土壤综合治理提供了理论依据。     

Corn Tolerance to Atrazine and Cadmium and Sunflower to Cadmium in Soil and Hydroponic Culture

Abstract

Hydroponic culture is often used for screening plant tolerance or remediation efficacy to environmental pollutants. Field experiments are usually avoided because of soil and groundwater contamination; thus pot experiments are the next step. In this study, the effect of various levels of atrazine in corn and cadmium (Cd) in corn and sunflower on physiological traits was comparatively investigated in hydroponic and soil culture. Also, Cd absorption and transfer factor to shoots were determined in soil. Atrazine affected corn growth at about 20% at the rates of 2 mg L^?1 and 20 mg kg^?1. In both species, Cd was largely stored in the root (75–88%), and the transfer factor was higher in corn than sunflower (0.59 vs. 0.37, at 20 mg kg^?1). Cadmium threshold of 20% reduction in shoot growth, leaf area, and chlorophyll in corn was observed at about 20, 40, and 80 mg kg^?1, respectively. The ratio of hydroponic–soil pollutant rate that similarly affected plant growth was about 1:10 and 1:5 for atrazine and Cd, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient between traits was also studied.     

Phytotoxicity of Cadmium in Radish and Its Effects on Growth,Yield, and Cadmium Uptake

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of cadmium (Cd) on growth, biomass yield, and Cd uptake in three radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India, during 2008–2009. Plants were subjected to different Cd levels by application of cadmium nitrate [Cd (NO₃)₂] at the rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Cd kg^?1 soil. Length and fresh and dry biomass yields of shoots and roots decreased because of the phytotoxic effect of Cd. Among three varieties, Japanese White Long showed the greatest sensitivity to Cd toxicity. The accumulation of Cd in shoots and roots was greatest in Japanese White Long, which had greater bioconcentration factor values. Variety Arka Nishanth recorded lower bioconcentration factor values and greater transfer coefficient values, indicating lower Cd accumulation in root tubers in this variety. Hence, variety Arka Nishanth can be preferred in Cd-contaminated soils.     

两种基因型龙葵对镉胁迫的生理响应及镉吸收差异

采用盆栽试验,通过研究不同浓度镉（0、5、25、50、100μg·g-1）胁迫下红果龙葵和少花龙葵幼苗根、茎和叶的生物量变化、镉吸收量、镉转移率、镉富集系数和叶片抗氧化酶（SOD、POD）活性、叶片可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量等指标的变化,比较2种基因型龙葵富集镉的差异。结果表明,2种基因型龙葵富集重金属镉存在明显差异。与对照相比,在Cd胁迫浓度≥25μg·g-1时,2种龙葵的生物量显著下降（P〈0.05）,而少花龙葵的下降趋势较红果龙葵小;随着Cd胁迫浓度的增加,2种龙葵根、茎和叶的Cd吸收量显著上升（P〈0.05）,且根部Cd含量高于茎和叶,而少花龙葵的根、茎和叶中的Cd含量均高于红果龙葵,2种龙葵的镉转移率和富集系数除5μg·g-1Cd胁迫外,均小于1,且少花龙葵对镉转移率和镉富集系数均大于红果龙葵。2种龙葵叶片可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量以及抗氧化酶（SOD、POD）活性均表现为先上升后下降,均表现为少花龙葵上升幅度大而下降幅度较小。综合各项指标表明,2种龙葵均不是Cd的超积累植物,少花龙葵的耐Cd胁迫能力较红果龙葵强。     

Plant Availability of Cadmium in Soils: I. Extractable Cadmium in Newly and Long-Term Cultivated Soils

Abstract

Effects of long-term use of phosphate fertilizers on extractable soil Cd in relation to its concentrations in plants were investigated. “Paired” soil samples were collected from newly and long-term cultivated fields and analyzed for Cd by extraction with NH₄OAc, DTPA, NH₄OAc-EDTA, NH₄NO₃, HCl and CaCl₂. Plant samples were also collected and analyzed for Cd. Significant differences in extractable Cd by all the extractants except NH₄NO₃ were observed between the newly and long-term cultivated soils. The Cd concentrations in plants were not increased by the elevated extractable Cd. Although significant relationships were observed between plant Cd and extractable soil Cd, none of the extractants used alone gave a good assessment of plant-available Cd for all the samples used in this study.     

Genotypic Variation in Shoot Cadmium Concentration in Rice and Soybean in Soils with Different Levels of Cadmium Contamination

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate whether the shoot cadmium (Cd) concentration in 11 rice and 10 soybean cultivars varied among 4 soils with different levels of Cd contamination. Significant differences in shoot Cd concentration were found among rice or soybean cultivars grown in the 4 soils. The ranking of the rice cultivars for the shoot Cd concentration varied considerably among the soils. On the other hand, the soybean cultivars were ranked similarly in terms of shoot Cd concentration in the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations were found between the Cd and Zn concentrations and between the Cd and Mn concentrations in the shoot of rice cultivars, when they were grown in 2 soils with relatively moderate levels of Cd contamination. The shoot Cd concentration in the soybean cultivars, however, was not correlated with the concentrations determined for any of the metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe) across the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations between the concentrations of Cd in younger shoots and mature seeds were detected among the soybean cultivars in 2 soils used, unlike among the rice cultivars, indicating that it may be difficult to evaluate the genotypic variation in seed Cd concentration using relatively younger shoots in the case of rice. These results revealed that genotypic differences in shoot Cd concentration in rice or soybean are variable or invariable among soils, respectively.     

土壤中Cd高浓度污染背景下小麦幼苗富集Cd特征

为了研究土壤中高浓度Cd污染对小麦幼苗富集Cd的影响,取样分析了新乡市长期采用Ni-Cd电池生产废水灌溉的土壤和小麦幼苗中Cd含量。结果表明,污灌区土壤中Cd的含量为10.69～173.64 mg kg-1,平均含量为74.24 mg kg-1,是国家土壤环境二级标准的123.74倍。污灌区土壤Cd主要以有机结合态、碳酸盐结合态和可交换态存在,其生物有效性较高。小麦幼苗根部和茎叶部Cd含量显著高于对照样品,Cd在小麦幼苗分布规律是根部>茎叶部。由于小麦幼苗根和茎叶中Cd含量与土壤Cd含量和迁移性最强的可交换态含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),小麦子实中Cd大量富集超标,平均含量为2.55 mg kg-1,是国家食品卫生标准(GB 2715-2005)的25.5倍。     

石灰和硅肥对非污染土壤Cd有效性和花生Cd含量的影响

本文研究了花生盆栽过程中,不同用量石灰及石灰、硅肥配施对非污染土壤有效态Cd和花生籽仁Cd含量的影响。结果表明：（1）在常规施肥条件下,施用石灰及石灰、硅肥配施均能显著提高土壤pH值,同时使得花生叶片细胞膜透性具有降低的趋势;石灰施用量为0.67g·kg-1土时的土壤有效态Cd含量降低了12.6%（显著低于CK）,而石灰、硅肥配施组合对降低土壤有效Cd含量的作用不显著,可能与硅肥中Cd含量较高有关。（2）不同石灰施用量均有降低花生籽仁中Cd含量的趋势,其中石灰施用量为0.67g·kg-1土时花生籽仁Cd含量比CK降低26.1%;但石灰、硅肥配施对降低花生籽仁Cd含量的作用不显著。（3）花生籽仁Cd含量与土壤有效态Cd含量达正相关显著水平,表明土壤Cd有效性是影响花生籽仁Cd含量的主要原因。     

生物炭和菌肥对土壤镉形态和棉花镉吸收的影响

【目的】为了明确生物炭和菌肥修复石灰性土壤镉(Cd)污染的效果,探寻适宜石灰性土壤重金属Cd修复技术。【方法】采用盆栽的试验方法,研究施用3%的生物炭(B3)和1.5%的菌肥(M1.5)对不同外源Cd浓度(0、1、2、4 mg kg^-1)石灰性土壤的pH值、Cd形态分布、酶活性以及棉花各器官Cd含量的影响。【结果】结果表明,生物炭和菌肥均能显著提高土壤的p H,但随着培养时间的延续添加改良剂处理的土壤的pH值呈现出下降的趋势：生物炭和菌肥的施用均能降低土壤可交换态Cd比例,提高土壤残渣态Cd比例,与对照相比,生物炭和菌肥处理下可交换态Cd的含量分别下降了18.42%～48.46%和15.21%～50.19%。生物炭和菌肥的添加显著提高土壤酶活性,其中蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的最大增幅分别为89.1%、140.1%、39.7%和38.1%,菌肥处理总体优于生物炭处理。生物炭和菌肥的施用降低了植株各器官Cd含量,其中生物炭处理各器官中Cd含量最大降幅为34.0%,菌肥处理下最大降幅为39.5%。相关性和主成分结果表明,可交换态Cd与土壤酶活性呈显著负相关(...     

钝化剂对酸性高镉土壤钝化效果及水稻镉吸收的影响

以海泡石、磷酸二氢钾、钙镁磷肥、钢渣、生石灰及生物炭为重金属镉钝化材料,研究钝化剂对湖南省酸性高镉(Cd)稻田土壤及水稻中Cd含量的影响。以土壤pH值和有效态镉作为评价指标,筛选出三种效果较优的钝化剂,通过正交试验进行复配,选择最优的钝化剂配方进行田间验证。结果表明,海泡石、钙镁磷肥、钢渣在施用比例为1%时均可显著提高土壤pH,pH的提升效果排序为钢渣钙镁磷肥海泡石;除钢渣外,其余钝化剂在施用比例为1%时均可不同程度降低土壤有效态Cd含量,钝化效果排序为磷酸二氢钾钙镁磷肥生物炭海泡石生石灰。选取海泡石、钙镁磷肥和磷酸二氢钾复配钝化剂,依据正交试验结果并综合考虑钝化效果、成本及材料易得性,确定钝化剂的最优施用量组合为海泡石500 mg kg-1、钙镁磷肥500 mg kg-1、磷酸二氢钾170 mg kg-1。大田试验结果表明,施用钝化剂后,土壤pH值提高0.5个单位,土壤有效Cd含量降低34.00%,糙米中Cd含量降低19.44%,水稻各器官Cd的富集与迁移系数明显降低,水稻产量明显升高。     

基于农田土壤镉污染修复后糙米镉的指标筛选

目前农田土壤镉污染修复以降低糙米镉含量为标准,而忽略了其变化的关键性的土壤物理、化学及生物指标。基于此,采用方差分析、多元回归分析、通径分析、随机森林和结构方程模型等统计方法分析了土壤pH值、有机质、容重、阳离子交换量、速效养分、质地、微团聚体、酶活性、微生物数量等23个土壤指标对土壤有效态Cd和糙米Cd含量重要性排序。结果表明,总体上施用土壤调理剂提高了土壤pH值、容重和阳离子交换量,改变了土壤质地组成,增加了大粒级团聚体,并影响了微生物环境,有效降低了土壤有效态Cd和糙米Cd含量,但抑制了部分酶活性和微生物数量。通过逐步回归分析,表明土壤pH值和放线菌可以解释土壤有效态Cd 64.32%的变化,阳离子交换量、速效钾、有效磷和蔗糖酶可以解释糙米Cd 82.10%的变化;通径分析表明大粒径团聚体、有机质、黏粒、砂粒、放线菌和真菌对土壤有效态Cd和糙米Cd的直接效应较大;随机森林分析表明土壤pH值是影响土壤有效态Cd和糙米Cd含量的主导因素;结构方程模型表明糙米Cd含量主要受土壤pH值、有机质、阳离子交换量和有效磷的影响,土壤有效态Cd主要受土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响。不同分析方法侧重点不同,总体上对糙米Cd含量影响较大的是pH值、阳离子交换量、有效磷和有机质等,对土壤有效态Cd含量影响较大的是pH值、放线菌和有机质等。