南四湖河蟹养殖区气单胞菌的分离鉴定及胞外酶分析

细菌分泌的明胶酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、磷脂酶等均属于胞外酶,在细菌致病机理中可以和溶血毒素一起进行协同作用,分解并破坏宿主组织成分,对河蟹的生长不利。为了研究南四湖河蟹养殖区水体中气单胞菌胞外产酶的情况,对该养殖区的水体微生物进行了初步筛选和分离,得到了气单胞菌菌株。该菌产胞外酪蛋白酶、淀粉酶、磷脂酶、明胶酶和溶血素,不产胞外脲酶。     

溶藻弧菌胞外产物对大黄鱼的致病性

采用杯碟法测定了由网箱养殖濒死大黄鱼体内分离的溶藻弧菌胞外产物的成分及酶活性 ,并用胞外产物粗提液对大黄鱼进行致死试验 ,电镜观察了致死大黄鱼肝、肾、脾等组织的细胞病变。结果表明 ,溶藻弧菌胞外产物具有明胶酶、淀粉酶、酪蛋白酶、脂肪酶、卵磷酯酶、几丁质酶以及溶血活性 ,该胞外产物对大黄鱼具有明显的致死作用 ,可造成大黄鱼肝、肾、脾等组织严重病变     

维氏气单胞菌TH0426胞外产物酶活性及免疫原性分析

为研究维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonasveronii)胞外产物的合成及其功能,本试验采用超滤浓缩法提取Aeromonasveronii TH0426的胞外产物,通过平板琼脂扩散法对其主要酶成分进行初步研究,对蛋白酶、脂酶、卵磷脂酶、淀粉酶、脲酶、明胶酶和溶血活性进行测定,对斑马鱼腹腔注射胞外产物测定其致病性,并对其免疫原性进行初步分析。结果显示,菌株胞外产物具有脂酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶和溶血活性,人工感染试验结果表明,菌株胞外产物对斑马鱼具有致病性,其半数致死量为3.355 0μg/条。SDS-PAGE表明,ECP由19条蛋白带组成,利用鲤鱼抗ECP血清进行Western blot显示,组成ECP的19条蛋白带中有5条具有免疫原性,能够引发机体的免疫应答反应产生抗体,其相对分子质量为别为110 000,47 000,45 000,42 000和38 000,为Aeromonasveronii胞外产物亚单位疫苗的研制与开发提供理论依据。     

青虾源维氏气单胞菌胞外产物生物学特性及蛋白成分分析

为了研究维氏气单胞菌胞外产物在青虾感染中的致病作用以及维氏气单胞菌的致病机理,本试验以青虾源维氏气单胞菌QXF0711B为研究对象,提取其胞外产物,采用打孔法测定其胞外产物的酶活性,并对溶血活性进行溶血谱分析,同时分析其致病性。应用液相质谱与串联质谱相结合方法(LC-MSMS)对其胞外产物蛋白成分进行鉴定,利用Gene Ontology(GO)对已鉴定蛋白进行生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分的分类分析。结果表明:QXF0711B菌株胞外产物具有淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性和溶血活性,不具有明胶酶活性;其可溶解多种动物红细胞,尤以对鱼类红细胞溶血性更强,但对鸡、鸭红细胞无溶血活性。通过对菌株胞外产物蛋白成分分析显示有90种蛋白:共参与45种生物学过程,主要涉及碳水化合物代谢过程、运输等;共有46种分子功能,主要涉及DNA结合、ATP结合、金属离子结合等;为12种细胞组分,主要包括膜的有机组成、细胞质、细胞外膜等。     

乌鳢源维氏气单胞菌胞外产物的生物学活性分析

为研究维氏气单胞菌胞外产物在乌鳢感染中的致病作用以及维氏气单胞菌的致病机理,以乌鳢源维氏气单胞菌WL161为研究对象,提取其胞外产物,采用打孔法测定其胞外产物的酶活性,并对与毒力密切相关的溶血活性进行进一步的溶血谱研究,同时分析其致病性。应用LCMSMS方法对其胞外产物蛋白成分进行鉴定,利用Gene Ontology(GO)对已鉴定蛋白进行生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分的分类分析。结果表明,WL161菌株具有淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性和溶血活性,不具有明胶酶活性;ECP对其他多种动物红细胞均有溶血活性,对鱼类红细胞溶血性较强,但对鸡红细胞无溶血活性。其胞外产物共检测出118种蛋白,共参与40种生物学过程,主要涉及碳水化合物代谢过程、几丁质分解代谢过程、DNA结合等;69种分子功能主要涉及ATP结合、金属离子结合、碳水化合物结合等;19种细胞组分主要包括胞外区、细胞质、细胞外膜等。     

大菱鲆源美人鱼发光杆菌胞外产物生物学特性及蛋白成分分析

为了研究美人鱼发光杆菌胞外产物对大菱鲆的致病作用以及美人鱼发光杆菌的致病机理,本试验以大菱鲆源美人鱼发光杆菌为研究对象,提取其胞外产物,采用打孔法测定其胞外产物的酶活性,并对溶血活性进行溶血谱分析,同时分析其致病性。应用LC-MSMS方法对其胞外产物蛋白成分进行鉴定,利用Gene Ontology(GO)对已鉴定蛋白进行生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分的分类分析。结果表明:美人鱼发光杆菌胞外产物具有淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性、卵磷脂酶活性和溶血活性,不具有明胶酶活性和脂肪酶活性;其可溶解多种动物红细胞,尤以对鱼类红细胞溶血性更强,但对鸡、鸭红细胞无溶血活性。通过对菌株胞外产物蛋白成分分析显示,有45种蛋白共参与34种生物学过程,主要涉及碳水化合物代谢过程、运输等;共有41种分子功能,主要涉及脱氢酶、磷酸酶、氧化还原酶和金属离子结合等;包括15种细胞组分,主要有细胞质和细胞外膜等。     

大鲵肺炎克雷伯菌的部分生物学特性与致病性分析

为确定从患病大鲵分离鉴定到的肺炎克雷伯菌的生物学特性及其对大鲵的致病性,本研究采用比色法和平板扩散法对肺炎克雷伯菌的生长条件及胞外产物进行研究,并对人工感染该菌的大鲵主要靶器官进行组织病理学分析。结果表明:肺炎克雷伯菌最适宜在37℃、pH7.5和1.0%NaCl浓度的条件下生长;其胞外产物具有脂肪酶、蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶活性,无淀粉酶、明胶酶、脲酶及溶血活性;感染该菌后大鲵各器官均表现出不同程度的炎性反应,其中以肝炎和坏死性脾炎最为明显。本研究确定了肺炎克雷伯菌的最适生长条件,分析了其胞外产物主要成分,并对其感染大鲵后主要靶器官的组织病理变化进行了探究,为该菌的有效防控与致病机理的研究奠定了基础。     

致水貂出血性肺炎铜绿假单胞菌胞外产物生物活性及免疫保护力分析

胞外产物在细菌致病过程中发挥重要作用,为探索胞外产物在铜绿假单胞菌致病过程中的作用,首先从铜绿假单胞菌培养液提取其出其胞外产物,利用小鼠模型分析其致病性,并通过细胞证实了该产物对巨噬细胞功能的抑制作用,进一步测定其胞外产物的酶活性并利用LC-MSMS方法对铜绿假单胞菌胞外产物蛋白成分和功能进行分析。结果表明,铜绿假单胞菌胞外产物对小鼠有致病性,能够显著抑制巨噬细胞吞噬细菌活性,其具有淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶活性和溶血活性可能在这一过程中发挥关键作用。LC-MSMS分析鉴定所提纯的胞外产物中有153种蛋白成分,涉及多种酶类、细胞结构蛋白和功能性蛋白。用低剂量胞外产物免疫动物对于铜绿假单胞菌感染具有较明显的保护率,可达90%。本试验为揭示铜绿假单胞菌致病机理,研制新型疫苗奠定基础。     

蟹源致病性拟态弧菌的编码鉴定及其特性分析

从病蟹体内分离到 1株致病菌 (H4株菌 ) ,经细菌编码鉴定法确定为拟态弧菌 (Vibrio mimicus)。对 H4株菌及其胞外产物的生物学特性检测结果显示 :(1) H4株菌对弧菌抑制剂 O/ 12 9、多粘菌素敏感 ,能在无盐胨水中生长 ,拉丝试验阳性 ,氧化酶阳性 ,VP阳性 ,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气。这些生物学性状符合《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》中对拟态弧菌的描述 ,证实了编码鉴定结果的正确性 ;(2 ) H4株菌能粘附人及多种动物红细胞 ,使红细胞发生凝集 ,且该凝集现象不能被 D-甘露糖所抑制 ,推测红细胞膜上存在的血凝素受体不含有甘露糖结构 ;(3) H4株菌的胞外产物具有致死性、溶血性和蛋白酶活性 ,表明胞外产物中至少存在溶血素和胞外蛋白酶 2种致病因子     

不同基质传代白僵菌菌株胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶产生水平与菌株对桑天牛幼虫毒力的关系

研究了对桑天牛幼虫具有不同致病力的各种传代白僵菌菌株胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶的产生水平,并分析其与菌株致病力变化的关系。结果表明:不同基质传代菌株随着培养时间的延长,胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性逐渐升高,达到最高值后基本趋于稳定,几丁质酶产生时间要滞后于胞外蛋白酶;通过寄主桑天牛幼虫传代的白僵菌菌株比通过普通查氏培养基传代的菌株具有更强的产酶能力;不同菌株胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶产生水平与菌株毒力有一定相关性,尤其是产酶高峰值与菌株的LC50呈显著相关性,可将其作为菌株初步筛选的参考性毒力指标。     

Extracellular virulence factors of fish Vibrio: relationships between toxic material, hemolysin, and proteolytic enzyme

Biological activities of cell-free culture filtrate of 3 virulent strains of fish Vibrio were examined to determine the relationship to the pathogenesis of fish vibriosis. Among the 3 strains examined, V anguillarum strains NCMB6 and NCMB571 produced hemolysin and protease, whereas V ordalii strain N7802 did not. Culture filtrate of strain NCMB571 were lethal to rainbow trout and produced a cytotoxic effect on fish cell line. Results revealed that the extracellular products may be involved in the pathogenesis of fish vibriosis.     

Biochemical and toxigenic characteristics of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased mammals, moribund and healthy fish

In this study we describe biochemical, toxigenic and surface characteristics of 33 motile Aeromonas isolated from diseased mammals, 3 from moribund marine mammals, 24 from healthy fish and 4 from moribund fish. Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae and A. sobria were isolated from both mammals and fish but at a different incidence. Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant species isolated from clinical specimens; it was isolated from pneumonia, wound infections, septicemia and abortion in horses, cattle and pigs. Aeromonas sobria was isolated from one mammal and 11 healthy fish. Aeromonas caviae was isolated in 2 cases from healthy fish and in 9 cases from diseased mammals. Variations in some biochemical tests including sorbitol, amylase and citrate, were observed between isolates from different sources. However, these differences did not allow the differentiation of isolates from diseased mammals and healthy fish. The majority of A. hydrophila isolates produced different extracellular products; A. sobria isolates produced less exotoxin. With A. caviae isolates no hemolysin, protease, enterotoxin or elastase were detected. There was no quantitative difference in hemolysin, protease, enterotoxin or elastase production between isolates from mammals and fish. It is suggested that A. hydrophila could be a potential pathogen for domestic animals, and fish may represent a potential reservoir of infection.     

Purification and partial characterisation of a fish lethal extracellular protease from Vibrio pelagius

The purification, characterisation and lethal effect of an extracellular protease present in the extracellular products (ECPs) of a pathogenic Vibrio pelagius (7P) strain are described. The extracellular protease was purified by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography and characterised by enzymatic assays. The lethal effect was evaluated by injection into fish. The native protease had a molecular mass of 39 kDa, was active on casein and L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide (LNA) and its metalloprotease nature was shown by the LNA inhibition profile. Kinetic studies on the hydrolysis of casein and LNA confirmed a competitive inhibition of one substrate with respect to the other. The temperature assays showed that both aminopeptidolytic and caseinolytic activities were labile at 70 degrees C for 3 min. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of 7P protease revealed a high degree of homology with other metalloproteases of Vibrio species that are implicated in virulence. The purified 7P protease showed an LD(50) of 1.77 microgprotein/g fish for turbot. The quick lethal effect (<24h) and the macroscopic damage (external haemorrhagic areas, principally on fins and mouth, petechial haemorrhages in internal organs, but with no external or internal apparent necrotic areas) detected in the host were similar to those obtained by injection of total ECP and live cells of 7P strain.An extracellular protease with endopeptidolytic and exopeptidolytic activities, responsible for the lethal effect of ECP and clinical signs of vibriosis in turbot was purified from a pathogenic V. pelagius (7P) strain.     

无乳链球菌致病因子的研究进展

无乳链球菌是人和动物的主要致病菌之一,该菌可引起人和动物的脑膜炎、肺炎、败血症等疾病。目前已发现的无乳链球菌主要致病因子包括荚膜多糖、溶血素、透明质酸酶、环磷酸腺苷(CAMP)因子、超氧化物歧化酶和丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶等。作者就上述几类致病因子进行综述,介绍了近年来国内外无乳链球菌的致病性及致病机理等方面的一些研究进展。     

Biochemical differentiation of Listeria from cheese

Listeria spp. isolated from cheese were tested for biochemical characteristics together with reference strains from culture collections. Microtitration plates were used for testing the fermentation patterns. The results were subjected to a numerical cluster analysis based on linkage maps. The variation of the group structures calculating the characteristics with and without the hemolysin reactions is demonstrated. The pathogenic species L. monocytogenes could only be separated from the avirulent species L. innocua by the hemolysin tests. Most of the cheese isolates were identified as L. innocua, some as L. monocytogenes and L. seeligeri. There is a need for an inexpensive commercial test kit to identify the serovars or virulence factors of Listeria spp. in the quality assessment of food. The present study sets up doubts for a sufficiently ensured separation of L. innocua from L. monocytogenes.     

Research Advance on Intestinal Microbial-epithelial Cell Barrier Interactions

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms of animal organism, which are important component of mucosal mechanical barrier, immune barrier and chemical barrier, they have absorption and barrier double function. In the intestine, there are many kinds of microorganisms. According to its relationship with the host, it is divided into three types of commensal bacteria, conditional pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, it plays an important role in the construction of intestinal barrier. Firstly, IECs identify the intestinal microbes by direct or indirect ways, and distinguish their own and non-self, it is immune tolerance to their own substances (such as, commensal bacteria), and produce specific immune response to non-self-substances (pathogenic bacteria). Both of IECs and intestinal commensal bacteria together against pathogens maintain intestinal health. When the pathogenic microorganisms invade the intestine, IECs defense pathogenic microorganisms mainly through extracellular secretions and cell surface mucus layer, and the former largely include mucin, antibacterial molecular and antimicrobial immunoglobulin. The intestinal symbiotic bacteria can resist the pathogenic microorganisms and maintain the normal intestinal mucosal barrier function through the competitive identification sites, the secretion of antimicrobial substances, the increase of mucus secretion, the induction of IECs renewal, proliferation and repair. In the process of resisting invasion of gut microbes, pathogenic microorganisms through their own movement, secretion of toxins and enzymes to destroy the intestinal epithelial barrier, and directly contact with IECs to damage them. So the interaction between IECs and intestinal bacteria maintain the intestinal homeostasis. In this paper, a review is made of the IECs and intestinal microbial structure and functional adaptations, and hope to elaborate the mechanism of intestinal microbial-epithelial cell barrier interaction.