大豆黄酮与染料木黄酮对产蛋鸡生殖内分泌和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加大豆黄酮和染料木黄酮对产蛋鸡蛋品质及下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴内分泌激素的影响.选用50周龄的农大3号矮小型162只蛋鸡,随机分成3组,对照组、大豆黄酮(Da,10 mg/kg)处理组和染料木黄酮(Gen,10 mg/kg)处理组.试验8周后测定蛋品质、卵黄蛋白原和生殖激素水平.结果表明,日粮中添加Da和Gen均显著提高蛋壳和蛋黄色泽.Gen组血清卵黄蛋白原含量显著提高;Da和Gen均显著提高垂体β-内啡肽和血清雌二醇水平.     

大豆黄酮的功能及其在鸡饲料中的应用

正大豆黄酮是一种大豆异黄酮类植物雌激素,具有一定的雌激素样作用,是一种重要的生理活性物质。天然大豆黄酮主要存在于豆科植物中,尤其是成熟的大豆种子中的含量特别高[1]。大豆黄酮是天然的有效活性成分之一,研究发现它具有抗氧化、提高机体免疫功能、调节脂肪分解与合成、调节血脂血压等作用[2]。大豆黄酮这种非常有效的饲料添加剂,已广泛应用于畜牧生产中。1大豆黄酮的来源及其理化性质天然大豆黄酮的主要来源是大豆及其他豆科植物。大豆黄酮和染料木素合称为大豆异黄酮。大豆异黄酮主要存在于大豆种子的子叶和胚轴,种皮中含量很少。大豆黄酮化学名称为4,7一二羟     

大豆黄酮及其在动物生产中的应用

1　大豆黄酮的理化特性及吸收代谢途径1.1　大豆黄酮的理化特性大豆黄酮(Daidzen,DA)的化学名称为4,7-二羟基异黄酮。大豆黄酮在常温下呈白色粉末状,无毒、无味、不溶于水,在醇和酮类溶剂中有一定的溶解度,极易溶于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,生物测定它的雌激素活性约为17-β-雌二醇的10-3～10-5。天然大豆黄酮存在于豆类、谷物、水果和蔬菜等众多饲料或食品中,大豆及其他豆科植物是其主要来源。大豆黄酮是多酚类化合物,其组成、存在形式主要有3种,染料木黄酮(genistein)、黄豆苷原(glycitein)和大豆黄素(daidzein)。大豆黄酮是大豆生长过程中…     

大豆黄酮及其生理功能的研究进展

大豆黄酮(daidzeln)又称大豆甙元或葛根黄豆甙元,是异黄酮类植物雌激素中的一种,主要存在于大豆(soybeans又称黄豆)及其豆科植物中[1]。大豆黄酮是一种天然的有效活性成分,具有雌激素和抗雌激素样作用、抗氧化作用、提高机体免疫力及对内分泌系统影响等多种生物学功能。大豆黄酮在医药、食品、畜牧业和化妆品等行业有着极其广泛的用途,其应用前景非常广阔,受到国内外越来越多学者的极大关注,是目前国内外研究的热点。本文结合国内外近年来的研究成果,对大豆黄酮及其生理功能进行了综述,以期对大豆黄酮的进一步研究提供指导作用。1大豆黄酮的…     

大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究大豆黄酮对余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的作用。选择产蛋率相近的60周龄余干乌骨鸡180只,分为大豆黄酮组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。大豆黄酮组在基础饲粮中添加30g/t的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。试验共8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,大豆黄酮组的产蛋率提高了11.67%(P<0.05),料蛋比降低了8.1%(P<0.05);大豆黄酮组的哈氏单位提高了7.7%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加30 g/t的大豆黄酮能提高余干乌骨鸡产蛋后期的产蛋性能和蛋品质。     

大豆黄酮在产蛋鸡生产上应用的研究进展

大豆黄酮具有弱的雌激素样活性,对产蛋前期、高峰期以及产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋性能的提升有较好效益。近年来针对大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡的卵巢机能和安全性国内学者展开了大量研究,表明大豆黄酮是一种相对安全有效的饲料添加剂。本文简要综述了相关的研究进展情况,为大豆黄酮在产蛋鸡生产上应用提供参考。     

大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响

本文旨在研究添喂大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响.试验选取产蛋后期肉种鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组设8个重复.试验组在基础日粮中添喂10 mg/kg的大豆黄酮,第5周后收集种蛋,每组随机取30枚做蛋品质分析,剩余种蛋按正常程序孵化,出雏后饲养至63日龄,宰杀取肌肉做肉品质分析.结果表明母鸡饲喂大豆黄酮后,蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比重分别增加了0.03 mm(P ＜ 0.01)和0.45%(P ＜ 0.05);蛋白的Haugh单位增加了4(P ＜ 0.05);入孵蛋出雏率和受精蛋出雏率分别降低了11.5%和8.3%(P ＜ 0.05).添喂大豆黄酮对后代仔鸡生长无显著影响,但显著降低了雌仔鸡肌肉比重和肌肉的蒸煮损失率(P ＜ 0.05),显著降低雄仔鸡肌肉的滴水损失率(P ＜ 0.05);显著增加胸肌黄度(P ＜ 0.05);但对腿肌的快慢肌纤维比例、纤维密度以及快慢肌纤维的横截面积均无显著影响(P ＞ 0.05).以上结果提示10 mg/kg剂量的大豆黄酮应慎用于种蛋禽上,而在商品蛋禽上则具有良好的应用前景.     

伊普黄酮与大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用672羽依莎蛋鸡,分成7组,研究不同添加量的伊普黄酮和大豆黄酮对产蛋率、料蛋比、蛋品指标、骨骼指标等的影响。经60d饲养试验,结果表明,两种黄酮在等量添加时,从产蛋率、料蛋比等指标上比较,大豆黄酮使用效果要优于伊普黄酮;但从蛋壳质量指标与骨骼指标上比较,伊普黄酮的使用效果要优于大豆黄酮;经济指标分析两种黄酮无差异。     

女贞子、五味子、四君子汤、大豆黄酮和黄霉素对蛋鸡脂质稳定性的影响

试验选用51周龄海兰褐蛋鸡144只,随机分为6个处理组,试验1、2和3组分别添加1%的女贞子、五味子和四君子汤,试验4组添加10mg/kg的大豆黄酮,试验5组添加5mg/kg黄霉素,试验6组为对照组。研究中草药及大豆黄酮对蛋鸡脂质稳定性的影响及其机理,同时比较中草药、大豆黄酮和黄霉素的效果。设预试期1周,正试期为6周。结果表明:1)添加3种中草药和大豆黄酮均有降低蛋鸡组织、血清或蛋黄中脂质过氧化物含量的作用,其中3种中草药的作用明显优于大豆黄酮和黄霉素(P<0.05),黄霉素的作用不明显;2)中草药、大豆黄酮和黄霉素对超氧化物歧化酶活性没有显著提高(P>0.05),但能显著提高谷胱甘肽还原酶活性(P<0.05);3)3种中草药和大豆黄酮均可显著提高蛋鸡组织或血清中谷胱甘肽含量(P<0.05)。结论为:3种中草药和大豆黄酮均有增强蛋鸡抗氧化水平和脂质稳定性的作用;3种中草药的抗氧化作用优于大豆黄酮;黄霉素对蛋鸡的抗氧化机能没有影响。     

大豆黄酮对产蛋初期和后期绍兴鸭产蛋性能及血清激素水平的影响

日粮中添加3mg/kg 大豆黄酮分别饲喂产蛋初期和产蛋后期绍兴鸭 ,观察其对产蛋性能、血清GH、IGP -1和E2 水平的影响。结果表明 ,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮显著降低绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重 ,饲料转化率下降 ,并伴随有血清GH水平显著降低。相反 ,产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮 ,绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重均显著增加 ,血清GH水平也明显提高。无论在产蛋初期还是后期添加大豆黄酮对血清IGF -1和E2水平均无显著影响。结果表明 ,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮对绍兴鸭的产蛋性能具有抑制作用 ,而产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮可以促进绍兴鸭的产蛋性能 ,血清生长激素水平的相应变化提示GH可能是大豆黄酮作用途径的一个环节。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.