玻里马胞质大白菜雄性不育系CMS3411-7温度敏感特性的研究

 采用光照培养箱恒温、变温和田间自然变温, 研究大白菜玻里马胞质雄性不育系CMS 411-7 温度敏感的特性。结果表明: 在3~ 15℃内CMS 3411-7 均有育性转换, 其中昼/夜温度8/ 4~ 14/ 10℃ ( 即日平均温度6~ 12℃ ) 是有效转换的温度范围。在恒温6℃条件下经过3~ 5 d 处理时CMS 3411-7 的育性转换值( 不育级别) 可达到2 级, 该温度下随着处理时间延长( 3~ 9 d) 不育性转换程度逐渐加重。在9℃恒温下处理6 d 较处理3 d 和处理9 d 时的转换程度都大。在14/ 10℃下转换程度与处理时间无关。在17/ 13℃ 下处理时间延长反而抑制不育性转换。虽然不同处理下CMS 3411-7 不育性转换开始和转换结束的时间差异较大, 但显著转换发生的时间一般稳定在温度处理后10~ 27 d, 表现相对集中。就育性转换的启动来看,经过3 d 处理后8/ 4~ 17/ 13℃下均发生了育性转换, 说明3 d 处理就可以启动育性转换基因。     

温度等因子对菜薹两个核不育源育性稳定性的影响

研究温度等环境因子对核不育源A1和A2分别转育的油青四九菜心甲型两用系和100%雄性不育系育性的影响。试验结果表明,不育源A1的油青四九菜心甲型两用系可育株在长日照低温条件下表现不育,大株移栽和高密度栽培均可导致其部分不育,而不育源A1的油青四九菜心甲型两用系不育株不育性在上述试验条件下表现稳定;不育源A2的油青四九菜心甲型两用系可育株和不育株在温度等因子发生变化时育性表现稳定;两种不育源的油青四九菜心雄性不育系在温度等因子发生变化时不育性表现稳定。     

84414—5花椰菜雄性不育两用系的选育

我们从1984年开始进行花椰菜雄性不育系的选育,到目前为止,已初步选育出84414—5雄性不育两用系。在选育过程中,初步掌握了84414—5雄性不育两用系的遗传规律。一、选育过程与花器官形态学观察花椰菜同大白菜一样,自然群体中雄性不育基因出现的频率很低,并且多表现为隐性,含有不育基因的杂合可育株同纯合不育株间的比例相差极大。因此,在自交后代中     

花椰菜细胞质雄性不育系的细胞学研究

以花椰菜细胞质雄性不育系09-R9为试材,以可育材料24为对照,采用常规石蜡切片技术,对花椰菜细胞质雄性不育系的花药败育过程进行细胞学研究。结果表明：花椰菜细胞质雄性不育系的花药可以形成部分外形正常的花粉囊,但囊内物质随着花蕾的发育逐渐解体,最终这种不正常的花粉囊全部解体消失。不育系花药发育受阻于花粉母细胞形成之前,此时花粉囊内未见绒毡层,可能是其本身并未形成绒毡层。     

辣椒不育系3198A雄性不育性状的遗传分析

辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是我国第二大蔬菜作物,而雄性不育性状是辣椒杂交种选育中最重要的性状之一。该研究利用辣椒不育系3198A和恢复系3414-3-5的杂交后代F2分离群体249个植株,在观察花药形态的基础上,对花粉育性的分离情况进行了遗传分析。结果表明:不育系、恢复系、保持系三者的花药形态存在明显的差异,不育系的花药瘦小无花粉,恢复系、保持系的花药大而饱满,成熟花粉中充满淀粉粒;F2代花粉育性分离结果分析表明,辣椒雄性不育系3198A的雄性不育性状受到3对隐性核基因的控制,且存在光温敏不育基因。该研究结果将有助于进一步研究辣椒光温敏雄性不育的遗传特性,分离并选育出光温敏不育系,加速辣椒杂交种的推出。     

京研系列花椰菜新品种

花椰菜为十字花科芸薹属甘蓝类蔬菜。由于其营养丰富、风味鲜美而深受广大消费者的喜爱。近年来花椰菜生产发展很快,栽培面积迅速上升,已成为我国的主要蔬菜作物之一。为了丰富、更新花椰菜品种,提高花球产量和品质,改进育种技术,本课题多年来一直致力于花椰菜品种改良育种研究,利用胞质雄性不育材料,通过多代连续回交转育获得一批不育性稳定的花椰菜胞质雄性不育系,     

甘蓝雄性不育系大800382和二800782及配组

介绍了由萝卜细胞质雄性不育材料转育而成的甘蓝雄性不育系大800382和二800782的特点,两个雄性不育系均表现全不育,其不育率不受环境条件的影响,植株性状与正常植株无明显差异,在甘蓝育科和种子生产上具有广阔的前景。     

辣椒反向温敏雄性核不育突变体E6421S不育特征及遗传规律研究

对辣椒反向温敏雄性核不育突变材料E6421S的育性转换临界温度、生理生化特点及遗传规律进行了研究。结果表明:E6421S育性转换临界温度为28℃,28℃以上表现为可育,28℃以下不育;25℃下显微观察发现E6421S绒毡层在四分体时期与花粉母细胞黏连,导致花粉母细胞发生败育;生理生化分析发现E6421S花蕾各发育时期可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化氢酶活性明显低于正常育性的原品种,而游离脯氨酸含量与正常育性的原品种相反,随着花蕾的发育呈下降趋势;与正常育性的原品种6421杂交后代群体性状调查表明,E6421S不育性状由隐性单基因控制。     

春夏及秋冬萝卜核-质互作型雄性不育系转育的研究

根据不同萝卜可育品系与不育系测交一代的育性表现,确定了萝卜雄性不育基因ms在萝卜品种中的分布频率,同时也明确了萝卜可育父本的基因型.可将萝卜可育父本的基因型分为三种:(1)保持型:与不育系杂交后代表现全不育;(2)部分保持(或恢复)型:与不育系杂交后代表现育性分离;(3)恢复型:与不育系杂交后代表现全可育.父本基因型不同,转育模式不同.本文提出了不育系的两种转育方案,四种不同的转育模式.同时,为选育经济性状优良的雄性不育系,对各种性状的转化速度进行了测定,结果表明,性状转化速度较快,可在较短时间内选育出经济性状符合要求的雄性不育系.     

保护地专用花椰菜新品种‘津品60’

 ‘津品60’为保护地专用花椰菜新品种,是以胞质雄性不育系不育富强–1为母本,自交不亲和系C-8为父本配制而成。植株生长势强,直立紧凑,内叶护球;花球半球形,紧实,洁白,无毛。保护地栽培成熟期61 ~ 65 d,单球质量1.0 kg,平均产量40 000 kg · hm^-2。田间表现抗黑腐病兼抗芜菁花叶病毒病,耐0 ~ 5 ℃的低温和高湿环境。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.