Research & Operation on Mathematical Methods used in NC System of Profile followed Grinding Robot

Several mathematic methods used in the numerical control system of profile followed grinding robot are described. Cubic parametric Spline surface function is employed to fit the geometric model of the surface grinded with high precision. Improvement of the physics performance of blade is obtained by reconstructing the large size surface of turbine blade based on calculation geometry. Graphic linear transfer technique is provided to users with unique format of programming. Graphic non linear transfer technique is used to solve some more difficult problems successfully including transformation of the coordinates of comtrolled points in multicoordinates system, adjustment of the attitude of grinding head as well as realization of constant pressure grinding. All these mathematics methods are demonstrated feasible and efficient in actual practice and are valuable in developing large size surface grinding robots.     

旋毛虫肌幼虫总RNA提取方法研究初报

【研究目的】探索高质量的旋毛虫(Trichinella spiralis)肌幼虫总RNA提取方法；【方法】利用Trizol试剂采用三种方法提取旋毛虫肌幼虫总RNA。(1)液氮预冷的研钵中研磨新鲜虫体至样品快融化时，加入适量的Trizol，继续研磨至液状后转移到离心管中；(2)A将新分离的虫体放到-20℃预冷的研钵中，在研磨过程中不断地添加液氮以保持虫体冷冻，之后对冷冻状的样品粉末继续操作；B把液氮冻存的新鲜旋毛虫肌幼虫取出，放到-20℃预冷的研钵中重复A的操作；(3)新鲜虫体放入匀浆器中，加适量Trizol，在冰水混合物中研磨20分钟。虫体破碎后按Trizol说明书继续抽提。最后通过凝胶电泳和紫外吸收光度值检测。【结果】用液氮和Trizol结合的方法，使用新鲜样品提取旋毛虫肌幼虫总RNA，在纯度和得率上都较为理想；【结论】使用新鲜的样品，且液氮与裂解液结合，是获得高质量RNA的可行方法。     

The Development in Finish Machining of Hardened Gear

This article summeried the methtods in finish machining of hardened gear and mainly introduced the development of the form grinding technique in grinding wheel dressing and grinding technology. The technique, which makes use of CBN tools, of hardened gear finish machining is also briefed.     

基于Phoenics的稻谷通风过程水分分布模拟初探

通过改进Phoenics软件中的水分、热量和动量控制方程,并引入呼吸产生的水分源项,建立了通风过程中稻谷堆三维水分传递控制方程,可用于研究通风过程中稻谷堆内热湿传递规律。以小型测试平台数据与文献中的高大平房仓通风试验数据为基础,通过编写和导入用户自定义程序(Q1),采用有限体积元法对稻谷堆机械通风过程的水分、热量和动量方程求解。数值模拟研究结果显示,在网格数量较少的情况下,粮堆平均水分预测值仍可与实测值基本吻合,表明机械通风降水过程中稻谷的呼吸作用不可忽略。     

粮情检测系统检测数据的可视化显示

在储藏过程中，粮堆可能出现发热。霉变，虫害孳生等情况。当储粮水分含量高，生虫霉变时，会引起粮堆温度升高，因此，粮堆温度是储粮状态的重要标志，必须准确地检测并适时显示，本文将计算机图形技术引入粮情检测，利用图形消隐向用户提供直观生动的三维温度分布图，用户可用鼠标选取某一点以观察，显示该点的空间位置及温度值，同时显示纵横剖面图，便于发现异常温度点，用Visual Basic6.0编制绘图程序，为研制，开发具有自主产权的储粮信息管理系统奠定了基础。     

Technique of Surface Reconstruction for Three Dimensional Structure of Chinese Medicihnal Materials

To study the technique of surface reconstruction for Chinese medicinal materials from its cross-sectional images and to display its three dimensional structure.The pattern recognition technique is used to complete the classification and matching of various structures, then the triangle surface approximation is used to produce the 3D surface of the structure.The 3D structure is reconstructed and can be viewed by flexible way based on SGI workstation. The technique and method provided by this paper is contributive to the study and view of various structure of Chinese medicinal materials, and is available to biomedical image processing field.     

Metaphase-I analysis of a Triticum aestivum x T. monococcum hybrid by the C-banding technique

Summary The meiotic pairing behaviour at metaphase I of a Triticum aestivum×Triticum monococcum hybrid has been studied by means of the C-banding technique to ascertain the homology between the chromosomes in the A genome of the two species. The technique allowed the A and B genome chromosomes and the 2D, 3D and 5D chromosomes to be identified. Differences in the level of chromosome pairing in the A genome were noted. The T. monococcum 4A chromosome did not pair with any of the T. aestivum chromosomes in any of the metaphase I cells analysed. Two reciprocal translocations between the 2B and 2D chromosomes on one side and the 2A and 3D on the other side have been identified. The usefulness of the C-banding technique in the study of chromosome homology among species related to wheat is discussed.     

玉米单株幼芽DNA快速提取新方法

为了攻克利用DNA指纹技术进行玉米种子纯度鉴定中存在的技术难关,对玉米单株幼芽DNA快速提取方法进行了研究,结果表明：利用新方法提取DNA,不用液氮、不用研磨、不用离心、不用沉淀,不用SDS、不用CTAB、不用氯仿,并且提取的DNA不降解、完全可以满足利用SSR分子标记进行DNA指纹分析的需要。一个人提取100株幼芽(1个检测样品)DNA只需30min左右,1d可以提取2000株幼芽(20个检测样品)的。DNA,为DNA指纹技术在玉米种子纯度及真伪快速鉴定中的广泛应用解决了关键性技术难题。     

不同水分磨的粉碎细度对粮食水分含量的影响

选用不同水分梯度的稻谷、小麦和玉米样品,用不同型号的水分测试磨的不同档位进行粉碎处理,得到不同粉碎细度的样品,采用GB 5009.3-2016中的第一法直接干燥法测定其水分含量。结果表明:同一份样品在不同的粉碎细度下水分测定结果有差异,粉碎细度越高,水分含量越高,基本成正相关;A型水分磨的1~2档与B型水分磨的0档粉碎细度基本呈对应关系,测定结果基本一致。     

拉萨市蔡公堂乡大棚果蔬酵母菌的分离与鉴定

蔡公堂乡为拉萨市主要果蔬生产基地,开展该地区大棚果蔬酵母菌多样性的研究,能够为青藏高原酵母菌资源的开发与利用提供理论依据。采用研磨和稀释相结合的方法,从蔡公堂大棚果蔬中分离到140株酵母菌,结合经典分类法及26S rDNA D1/D2区域序列分析,对获得的酵母菌菌株进行分类。结果显示:供试酵母菌最终被归为13个属27个种,其中,Ustilentyloma graminis、Rhodotorula babjevae以及Rhodotorula diobovata这3个种是拉萨市蔡公堂乡大棚果蔬酵母菌优势种;2个属(3个种)的酵母菌为子囊菌纲,相对丰度为2.14%,11个属(24个种)的酵母菌为担子菌纲酵母菌,相对丰度高达97.86%,供试果蔬分离的酵母菌菌株绝大多数为担子菌纲酵母菌;酵母菌种数和属数最多的为红椒,青椒中分离到的酵母菌种类则最少;酵母菌总丰度数据显示,圣女果中酵母菌数量最多;多样性指数表明,玉米、苦瓜、红椒和草莓酵母菌较为丰富和多样。总体而言,拉萨市大棚果蔬酵母菌资源较为丰富,另外不同品种果蔬间酵母菌种群分布差异较大。     

无公害黑加仑原汁加工关键技术研究

利用无公害黑加仑果实,采取复合酶解法(果胶酶与纤维素酶的质量比为7∶3)A4B1C3D4E2处理,实际生产验证其出汁率达87.0%。采用磨间狭腔为0.050～0.075mm的胶体磨进行20min均质,能提高果汁的稳定性。采用0.20um微孔膜过滤器,过滤压力0.2～0.3MPa,可以满足常规生产要求。高温瞬时灭菌机灭菌适宜条件为进口温度18℃,杀菌温度121℃,杀菌时间5s,蒸汽进口温度142℃,冷却水进口温度15℃。适温的热处理对黑加仑果汁稳定性作用明显,而冷处理对黑加仑果汁稳定性的作用不明显,先冷处理后热处理的交替方法对黑加仑果汁稳定性作用也较明显。离子交换纤维处理后的黑加仑果汁,透明度稳定,不产生沉淀物,无褐变、变质现象,达到真正的无公害生产加工。     

SOME NEW MACHINING METHODS WITH THE AID OF COMPOUND MOTIONS

The paper describes a new theory and methods for designing hyperbola, degenerate circles, involute and roulette curves which have been applied in grinding convex involute gears, cutting special profiles on a gear shaper, grinding the race-way of ball thrust bearings, form grinding and grinding cyclo-cycloidal gears with an abrasive belt. All these applications have been used in industruy with considerable benefits. The curves are produced by different combinations of straight line and circle motions, Given the curve parameters of the workpieces to be machined, the best approximate curve can be obtained from a computer program designed for this purpose.     

Application of frequency shifting in truncating substructure low order normal modes

A method to cutoff substructure low order normal modes in component mode synthesis is proposed. Frequency shifting technique is introduced in substructure free vibration differential equation. Quasi-static constraint mode is taken into coordinate transformation and the contribution of substructure low order normal modes to system middle frequency modes is reduced,thus substructure low order normal modes truncation is achieved. This technique is used to compute dynamic characteristics of a body-in-white FEM mode in the frequency band of 160~190 Hz. The results show that compared with traditional component mode synthesis,which keeps 1 836 normal modes,this method only needs 297 normal modes and saves 27.7% calculation time. It means frequency shifting technique can improve the computational efficiency for middle frequency band dynamic characteristics of complex structure.     

Study of Modern Applied Technology for Design and Manufacture of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears

A new method of computing the cutter specifications and machine settings for the manufacture of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is studied. And a software system which includes the program models of new and old methods is developed. The system can perform the computations such as blank dimensions,cutting and grinding settings,tooth contact analysis and under cut check of SGM,SFM,SGT,SFT,HGM,HFM,HGT,HFT cutting methods. The new method can allow the user to give the position and length of contact pattern,the direction of contact path and the relative anglar acceleration. The system can be easily operated.     

Magnetic Fluid Model of Discharge Path in Internal Gears of E. D. M. Grinding

In this paper, the moving laws at any point of meshing discharge are stuied about internal gears E. D. M. grinding. It is the first time that the meshing theory of gears is combined with electric discharge machining, and the discharge principles of infernal gears of E. D. M. are described.     

The design and application of heavy-duty CNC abrasive belt grinding machine with high precision controllable pitch propeller

Aiming at the backward hand-grinding ways of controllable pitch propeller in China shipbuilding industry, a highly efficient precision grinding method is brought forward, and a four axes simultaneous grinding machine is designed which can machining complex profile with abrasive belt grinding technology by CNC. The key techniques to develop this new grinding machine is presented in detail such as heavy-duty belt grinding head, NC grinding computer aided software, etc. The application experiments of grinding and polishing propeller blade are carried out on the basis of different parameters, and the trial results provide foundation for the confirmation and application of reasonable belt grinding and polishing parameters.     

Accurate mathematical models for relief grinding of gear hob cutters

A mathematical model for accurate relief grinding of gear hob cutters along radial directions is presented based on the analysis of grinding geometry. Both the design and manufacturing models of gear hob cutters are carefully derived and presented. By employing the plane envelope theory, the reference contour of the grinding wheel is determined in order to attain the design tool profile precisely. The tooth profile error model after regrinding is also given to confirm the grinding parameters. The model provides accurate solutions for both the tool profile and the sectional contour of the grinding wheel. It is simple and straightforward and can be used to produce high precision hob cutters systematically. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The model computing results indicate that the proposed method is practical, precise and reliable. The method provides valuable reference for the design and machining of hob cutters.     

Transfer Matrix Solutions for Multi layered Soils in Rectangular Coordinate System

Starting with the governing equations of three dimensional elasticity problems in rectangular coordinate system, constructing a decoupled transform and getting the uncoupled state equations; the transfer matrix of a single soil layer is obtained by employ     

苦瓜破壁超微粉碎工艺优化研究

为得到破壁超微苦瓜粉,使存于苦瓜细胞中的有效成分充分游离释放利用,为苦瓜袋泡茶和片剂加工提供原料,采用可调参数式球磨机对苦瓜进行了破壁超微化粉碎工艺试验研究。运用四因素二次回归正交旋转组合试验设计方案,建立了试验因素与苦瓜细胞破壁率间影响关系的数学模型,并通过优化计算得到了苦瓜破壁超微粉碎的最佳工艺参数为：转速423~436 r/min,粉碎时间1.9~2.1 h,球料比6.7~7.2,物料含水率5.6%~6.7%,此时苦瓜破壁率达95%以上。同时,研究表明苦瓜破壁超微粉碎可极大地提高总皂苷溶出速率与溶出量,为苦瓜的实际有效利用奠定了基础。     

Numerical analysis of indoor natural convection heat transfer under different heat source location

The research object is indoor natural convection heat transfer under different heat source location,using FVM numerical method to dispersed solving for mass conservation equation and energy conservation equation.Researched distribution of streamline and isotherm and variation of Nu in powerhouse with Ra among 10 3~10 6 when different heat source location.The results of analysis indicate that when Ra=10 3, the isotherms expand outward centring on the heat source and present shapely arcuation.When increasing Ra,isotherm shape changes gradually,thin boundary layers appear on cold wall and hot wall.The streamlines are two symmetrically reverse vortexs.As increasing Ra, the vortexs change in size and move. As Ra=10 3,Nu reaches maximum in the case of D=0. the effect of heat source location on heat transfer quantity is obvious.The curve of Nu is steepest when D=0.5 and smoothest.There is a power relationship between Nu and Ra, the linear correlation fitting 90%.The conclusion provides a theory basis for the research of complex indoor heat transfer mechanism.