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城市林业的管理(执法)相伴城市管理而生,该文从宜昌市城市林业执法现状、存在问题出发,提出以市域森林公安局为统一的行政执法机构。
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新林业——美国林业一场潜在的革命 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文对美国学者J. F. Franklin提出的新林业的产生背景、概念和理论及其对美国林业可能产生的深远影响作了详细介绍,还分析了新林业与我国学者提出的生态林业间的关系,并指出生态林业是我国林业的发展方向。 相似文献
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本文是对赵士洞、陈华两先生《新林业》一文(见本刊1991年第1期)的补充,从另一个侧面介绍美国林业生产与自然保护之间的斗争实质。林务局《新远景》计划三种模式林业,勾绘了又一个美国林业发展思路。中国林业面临的问题远比美国复杂得多。新理论既要兼顾生产与生态环境,又必须便于操作,经济上可行。 相似文献
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当前,城市林业建设成为国内外共同关注的主题,“发展城市森林”和“建设生态城市”正在成为各国各城市人民的共同追求和实际行动。根据最早提出“城市林业”概念的加拿大多伦多大学ErikJorgensen的看法,城市林业不只是对城市树木的管理,更是对受城市居民影响和利用的林地的管理。《加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省林业手册》指出:“城市林业是林业的一个专业化分支,是对树木和森林进行培育和管理,以对城市居民的心理健康、社会福利和经济繁荣发挥作用的一项高尚事业。”我国的一些专家则认为,城市林业是由林业和园林融合而成的,是建设、经营和利用城市森林的事业。经过40多年发展,城市林业已经成为现代林业的重要分支,我国上世纪80年代中后期引入“城市林业”概念后,城市林业获得了长足发展。目前,城市林业已经成为我国林业工作的重要组成部分,对改善人民环境质量,提高城市综合竞争力,促进城市建设协调和经济社会可持续发展、构建和谐社会有着不可替代的重要作用。但我国城市林业起步相对较晚,发展过程中仍然面临诸多问题和压力,甚至难免步入误区,造成生态损失。如何确保城市林业又快又好发展,为改善城市生态和人居环境,实现人与自然和谐共处,促进城市可持续发展作出更大的贡献,是摆在我们面前的一个富有意义的紧迫课题。为及时报道我国城市林业,推动探索我国城市林业持续快速健康发展的良策,本刊特开辟“城市林业”栏目,欢迎读者撰赐稿件,提出宝贵建议。目前,本栏目十分期待城市林业规划、城市林业体制、城市林业理论新见、城市林业探索实践、国外城市林业发展经验等方面的稿件。本栏责编:韦荣华投稿邮箱wrh29@sina.com 相似文献
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在我国集体林权制度改革之后,集体林地实行均山到户政策,由林农单独管理,难以实现统一的可持续经营,由此造成森林质量较低、森林生态服务能力减弱等问题,为此借鉴他国经验具有重要意义。文中从3个方面整理总结美国家庭森林发展与保护方面的经验,首先梳理其由政府主导构建的家庭林业政策扶持体系,其次对非政府环保组织培育的新型林业经营主体——“森林银行”进行分析,最后介绍美国利用市场激励机制通过林业碳汇项目引导家庭林主加强林地管护的做法;据此提出促进我国集体林发展的建议:完善林地产权制度,保障林农合法权益;构筑全方位的政策扶持体系;发展环保非政府组织,培育新型林业经营主体;积极发展林业碳汇项目。 相似文献
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林业行业协会是林业社会化服务体系的重要组成部分。文中介绍美国林业行业协会发展概况及经验,即历史悠久、法律健全、体系完整、功能众多、运作较规范;概述我国林业行业协会发展经历的4个阶段,即缓慢起步阶段、框架初建阶段、快速发展和规范阶段、新时代稳健发展阶段;分析了我国林业行业协会面临的立法缺失、政府扶持不足、数量少、功能单一、运作不尽规范等问题;借鉴美国经验提出新时代我国林业行业协会发展的主要对策,即在“后脱钩时代”应加强党的领导、健全立法、加大政策扶持、借道增能、扩大覆盖面、完善功能等。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):78-91
Abstract Despite a large literature that addresses the gendered structure of forestry occupations in Europe and the USA, relatively little attention has been paid to these issues in Canada. In this paper, it is argued that policy makers and academics have used outdated statistics about forestry employment to shape policies and programs of government and industry. Use of these data has been to the general disadvantage of women working in the forest industry and in forestry communities. This paper draws mainly on three studies, spanning the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Each study relied on secondary sources such as Census data, government and industry documents, as well as primary sources such as interviews or questionnaires. On Vancouver Island, British Columbia, analysis of land reallocation policies and transition strategies for displaced workers in the 1990s did not consider women as forestry workers or consider how job losses and opportunities for retraining might vary between men and women. Consequently, gender-neutral transition strategies were more accessible for men than for women. A study of female forestry workers in Saskatchewan revealed there was very little knowledge about employment conditions for women in forestry. Women reported that they missed out on training and advancement opportunities because they lacked networks, childcare support or other benefits that might encourage them to improve their circumstances. Finally, a survey of forest sector advisory committees across the country revealed a very low rate of participation by women, even though those who did participate had some significantly different viewpoints about forestry than their male counterparts. In combination, these efforts suggest that improvements in the understanding of forestry employment would benefit forestry workers, both male and female, and ensure that all workers made lasting contributions to the industry. 相似文献
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美国的森林经营与森林认证现状及对我们的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国是世界上森林经营水平较高的国家之一,从国家林业计划、森林生态系统经营、可持续经营标准和指标等方面分析了美国森林可持续经营状况,并介绍了美国森林经营及森林认证的有关情况,借鉴美国森林可持续经营的经验,提出了我国森林可持续经营和森林认证的对策。 相似文献
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Policies Affecting Forestry Entrepreneurship 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anssi Niskanen Anders Lunnan Ikuo Ota Keith Blatner John Herbohn Lyndall Bull Ian Ferguson Gordon M. Hickey 《Small-Scale Forestry》2007,6(3):233-255
Many demand and supply-side policies impede or foster forestry entrepreneurship. A study was conducted to consolidate existing knowledge on policies influencing forestry entrepreneurship
in Finland, Norway, Japan, Australia, the Philippines and the USA, and to draw conclusions on these impeding and fostering
factors. From the country studies it was difficult to find common structures on policies affecting forestry entrepreneurship.
This is understandable because most policies in forestry are aimed at supporting sustainable forest management, wood production
and ecological services of the forests rather than entrepreneurship as such. Despite the high variety of policies applied
in the study countries, it can be concluded that strict public control on forests’ use and management potentially impedes
forestry entrepreneurship. While these policies assist to correct market failure and to promote sustainability of forest management,
they may also result into unnecessary and ineffective regulations that limit the opportunities for forestry entrepreneurship.
A common feature promoting the demand for forestry entrepreneurship in some of the countries studied is the strong emphasis
on forestry cooperatives, which were important institutions to support small-scale forestry entrepreneurship. In many study
countries, different ad hoc programs are implemented to find new economic and entrepreneurial opportunities aside from the
current use of wood and forests. Subsidies and tax incentives are commonly applied to reduce risks from making forestry investments
or otherwise increase the economic return from timber production. 相似文献