洪泽湖大堤防浪柳林造林成活率低的原因分析

洪泽湖大堤插干植柳的方法更新迎水面原有柳树防浪林,成活率极低。通过对柳树的生长进行观察,对洪泽湖大堤的土壤、气候条件进行测定,分析了各因子与柳树生长的关系,从而明确影响柳树成活的原因:土壤含水量高、土壤黏重板结、插干病虫害严重、插干埋土过深、缺乏管理等因素相互作用、综合影响。     

提高洪泽湖大堤防浪柳林成活率的关键技术

针对洪泽湖大堤防浪柳林成活率低的问题,开展了洪泽湖大堤柳树造林试验。通过对造林后柳树叶绿素含量的测定及成活率、保存率及生长情况的调查,结果表明:使用172杂交柳带根苗与1年生扦插苗造林效果比较好,成活率都在97%以上,以选择1年生扦插栽植方式为最佳。由此归纳出提高洪泽湖防浪柳林成活率的综合技术措施。     

洪泽湖大堤防浪林防浪机理及更新方案合理性的分析

１洪泽湖大堤防浪林工程概况洪泽湖大堤原柳树防浪林是防止风浪侵蚀湖堤的防护工程。它始建于１９６８年,全长２３．６７ｋｍ,宽５０ｍ,树种为柳树,至１９８５年的１８ａ间,尽管洪泽湖水位一直没有超过防浪林台（林台高程１４．５ｍ）,防浪林还是起到了减轻风浪水流...     

西藏雅鲁藏布江宽谷滩地抗旱固沙*造林试验研究初报

在西藏雅鲁藏布江滩地进行多树种抗旱固沙造林试验。结果表明，优胜杨成活率最高，为８３％，其次为新疆杨（５２％）、柳树插干（３３％）、带根柳树（３２％）、北京杨（２８％）；柳树插干在流水低洼地造林成活率显著高于季节性积水低洼地；沙生槐雨季直播固沙造林效果较好，亩均出苗量可达３４６棵，当年平均苗高２．８ｃｍ。指出西藏雅鲁藏布江干旱河谷地区影响造林成活的关键因子是苗木栽植深度，其次为苗木质量。对如何加快“一江两河”地区造林绿化进度和质量提出了一些建议。     

洪泽湖大堤杨树丰产林营造技术

洪泽湖大堤杨树丰产林营造技术措施是：采用新品种、大苗栽植、适当稀植、抚育管理、病虫害防治等。     

乔木柳扦插育苗技术要点

<正>乔木柳是江苏省林业科学院选育出的一个柳树优良无系性品种,具有较强主干生长优势,树干高大笔直、生长迅速,栽植成活率高,易繁殖。作为造纸材     

珍稀濒危树种连香树造林试验

本文通过对连香树造林成活率、中幼龄林生长情况调查,结果表明,连香树在前期生长较快,病虫害少,树体大小中等,适宜作为城市行道树和园林、庭院绿化树种,影响栽植成活率和生长量的主导因子是水分,苗期和幼树易发生日灼危害,平原地区栽植应以4～5年生的大苗为主,栽植幼苗应适当遮荫。     

栽植时间和土球规格对香樟成活率及生长的影响

2010—2012年进行了栽植时间和土球规格大小对香樟栽植成活率及生长影响的研究,结果表明,选择适宜的栽植时间和规范的土球规格,是保证香樟栽植成活率及正常生长的重要保证和措施。     

洪泽湖滩地引种苏柳无性系试验

洪泽湖滩地引种苏柳无性系试验于成景，苏国清（江苏泗洪临淮林场，泗洪２１１９３５）（江苏省林业科学研究所）洪泽湖滩地多为冲积土，土壤深厚，水分条件好，适于柳树生长。６０年代本地区曾大造矿柱林，形成大片人工柳林。由于遗传品质差，故该林分产量低。为提高柳树...     

云杉人工更新造林与立地因子的关系

对白龙江林区云杉人工更新造林与立地因子关系进行了调查,并应用数量化理论Ⅰ进行了立地因子与成活率关系的分析,得出海拔和坡向是影响成活率的主导因子。造林３年后,再调查主导因子对３年保存率及３年高生长影响,经分析得出海拔越高,３年保存率越低,并且阳坡比阴坡更低;随海拔升高,云杉年高生长量下降。研究结果表明：海拔３０００ｍ以下适宜云杉生长,海拔３０００ｍ以上不适宜云杉生长,为云杉栽植超适生区,人工更新造林应更换树种。     

海滨湿地杨树、柳树新无性系苗期耐盐性研究

在海滨湿地分别4个盐度梯度，12种杨树、柳树新无性系田间扦插试验结果表明：在苗期，不同杨树、柳树无性系的成活率、保存率、生长量等均与土壤含盐量呈负相关；在出苗期的耐盐能力，1-74杨、1-69杨可达0．241％，35杨为0．188％，J30-16、J35-13、J4-34、J31-17柳为0．089％，其余5个柳树无性系均在0．060％以下；在苗木生长期，其耐盐极限分别为0．343％，0．333％和0．201％。     

Pasture production under densely planted young willow and poplar in a silvopastoral system

New Zealand is subject to summer and autumn droughts that limit pasture growth. The planting of willow and poplar trees is one option used to provide green fodder during drought. However, there is a wide concern that such an option can reduce the overall understorey pasture growth. This study evaluated the comparative establishment and growth of densely planted young willow and poplar and their effects on understorey pasture growth. Two experiments were established for 2 years in Palmerston North and Masterton, North Island, New Zealand. In the first experiment, densely planted willow and poplar significantly reduced understorey pasture growth by 24 and 9%, respectively, mainly due to shade, but coupled with soil moisture deficit in summer. In the second experiment, pasture growth in a willow browse block was 52% of that in open pasture as a result of shade and differences in pasture species composition and management. Willow and poplar survival rates were similar (P > 0.05) after 2 years of establishment (100 vs. 90.5%, respectively). However, willow grew faster than poplar in height (1.90 vs. 1.35 m), stem diameter (43.5 vs. 32.6 mm), canopy diameter (69 vs. 34 cm) and number of shoots (8.7 vs. 2.3) at the age of 2 years.     

Study on Cultural Technologies and Salt-resistance of Nitraria sibirica in Coastal Areas with Serious Salt-affected Soil

In this research, five Nitraria sibirica provenances such as Dayilu were selected to do experiment of salt-resistance, combining fixed plots test with typical plot investigation, measuring survival rate and growth as main indicators. The experiments of main cultural technology were done on Nitraria sibirica in 4 types of site preparation, 3 types of planting, 3 designs for planting density. The Nitraria sibirica experiments for the effects of curbing salt and improving soil were done by testing soil nutrients, salt content, soil physical properties as focal points in typical site of 3-4 years woods. The experiment results showed that the Nitraria sibirica could survive well with soil salt content of 0.6%, and that survival rate declined distinctively as soil salt content exceeded 0.8%. However, high soil salt content did not influence growth in the year of planting. There were obvious differences in salt-tolerance among Nitraria sibirica provenances; Dayilu was the best on salt-tolerance, the other 4 pro     

杨、柳软质木材改性工艺研究及其物理性能比较

杨树、柳树是中原地区主要的速生树种,为充分利用速生林软质木材,研究其改性工艺,提高木材品质。作者通过对杨、柳木干燥改性实验,对软质木材进行改性。改性后木材尺寸稳定性增强、硬度大幅增大,杨树、柳树硬度分别提高49.2%、40.1%;木材的抗弯强度分别提高49.0%、51.5%。     

Willows rapidly affect microclimatic conditions and forage yield in two temperate short-rotation agroforestry systems

Temperate short-rotation agroforestry systems are promising solutions for environmentally and economically sound production of crops and woody biomass. Accurate estimates of microclimatic conditions and tree-crop interactions in these systems are clearly needed to improve their adoption and management, especially in northeastern North America. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a windbreak and an alley cropping system that were planted with strips of short-rotation willow on microclimate and forage crop yields. Microclimatic conditions (wind speed, air temperature, air relative humidity, light availability, soil moisture, snow depth) and forage yields were measured at different distances from the willow strips in these two agroforestry systems and in agricultural control plots between the third (2020) and fourth years (2021) after experiment establishment. Willow strips significantly reduced wind speed in both experiments, despite their relatively short stature (260 cm, June 2021). Wind speed reduction was greatest (50 and 58% in alley cropping and windbreak systems, respectively) close to the willow strips (5 m), intermediate at 20 m (22% in both systems), and negligible at 50 m (windbreak system). A significant increase in daytime air temperature that reached almost 1 °C was measured close to the willow strips in the agroforestry systems, compared to control plots. Higher soil moisture was measured close to the windbreak. In both agroforestry systems, snow depth was significantly greater near the willow strips. In both systems, forage yield close to the willow strips was not different from that at any other measured distances and in the control plots, which suggests that no competition for resources occurred between the willows and the forage crop during the study. In July 2021, forage yield within the windbreak (0–50 m from the willow strip) was 44% greater than that in the control plots. The alley cropping system had significant negative (-12%, June 2020) and positive (+?13%, September 2021) effects on forage yield, possibly as a result of temporal variation in climatic conditions. Results of this study stress the importance of better understanding of intra- and inter-annual forage crop variability within agroforestry systems.

     

草炭杯容器育苗实验

为提高苗木质量和造林成活率,选用了几种不同容器(草炭杯、塑料杯、蜂窝纸杯、泥土杯),进行了其中以草炭杯为主的对比育苗实验。通过实验调查对比分析,得出结论:草炭杯育苗可以提高苗木质量,增加苗木产量,降低育苗成本。在林业生产建设上具有较高的推广应用价值。     

Willow biomass production under conditions of low-input agriculture on marginal soils

In this study, the biomass yield and morphological traits of plants were reported from an experiment involving six genotypes of willow in northern Poland. Willow was planted using a pole cutting system, which we designated Eco-Salix, on sites that were unsuitable for food crops. The results presented here are from the first rotation of a four-year cutting cycle. In the field trial, the average willow biomass yield of oven-dry matter was 7.87 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Willow plants that were planted as pole cuttings after four growing seasons reached a height of 6.64 m and a stem diameter of 50.5 mm. Clone UWM 043 produced higher yields and more favourable morphological traits when compared to registered Polish cultivars. The willow biomass yield obtained on peaty muck soil was significantly higher than from willow that was grown on heavy textured silt soil. The biomass harvested from plots planted at a density of 5,200 plants ha⁻¹ was 14% lower than plots that had a density of 7,400 plants ha⁻¹.     

油茶组培苗移栽及施肥试验

通过油茶组培苗移栽基质、时间和施肥肥料浓度对苗木生长影响的试验,结果表明,组培苗移栽成活率最高的基质是红心土,高达98．26％;但为利于苗木的生长,移栽方式是以先把瓶苗移栽于7cm×11cm的红心土营养杯内培养60d,苗木恢复生长,并长出2～3张叶片时再移栽到9cm×13cm椰康基质营养杯内培养适宜苗木生长,培育120d,苗高9．48cm,比使用红心土的苗高（4．04cm）高134．6％;施肥浓度为1％时,油茶组培苗生长效果良好,培养100d,苗高比施肥前高5．428cm,比对照的高143．8％。     

不同产地的2种灌木柳品种抗旱性初步研究

通过对不同产地北沙柳、黄柳一年生无性系扦插苗的成活率、高生长量等生长指标和干物质积累量,应用隶属函数法进行了抗旱性评价,认为不同产地灌木柳无性系苗的成活率、干物质积累量、高生长量、地径等指标均存在不同程度的差异;其中伊金霍洛旗掌岗图、达拉特旗响沙湾和解放滩产地的北沙柳具有良好的生长表现,是抗旱性较强的北沙柳产地,可用于西部干旱沙区造林推广;辽宁章古台和呼伦贝尔市鄂温克产地的黄柳在试验中表现出较好的抗旱性,原本处于半湿润区的黄柳定植到干旱的沙区还能表现出很好的抗旱性,可以在东部湿润沙区进行推广。