病原性鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)双重PCR与LAMP检测方法的建立

本研究检测了分离自发病大菱鲆、半滑舌鳎及鲤鱼的22株病原鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)毒力相关基因的携带情况,并建立了病原鳗弧菌的分子生物学检测方法。以PCR方法检测8个毒力相关基因的分布,结果显示,22株病原鳗弧菌均可扩增出6个基因(empA、vah1、vah4、flaA、rtxA和tonB)目的条带,未扩增出virA和angM基因;针对vah4和rtxA设计引物进行双重PCR扩增,同一PCR反应体系可扩增出两条目的条带,灵敏度为2.4×103 CFU/ml,对照菌无任何扩增条带;以vah4设计引物进行LAMP扩增,病原鳗弧菌可扩增出阶梯状条带,呈现阳性反应,6株对照菌无阶梯状扩增条带且呈现阴性反应,LAMP扩增灵敏度为2.4×10~1 CFU/ml。LAMP检测灵敏度是双重PCR的100倍,LAMP技术与PCR比较,操作简便、快速、灵敏度高且不需昂贵仪器,LAMP检测鳗弧菌的方法更适合于养殖生产实际应用。     

病原迟钝爱德华菌毒力基因及双重PCR与LAMP检测方法的建立

为明确牙鲆及大菱鲆病原迟钝爱德华菌毒力基因的携带情况并建立分子检测方法,实验以迟钝爱德华菌fimA、fimB、gadB及citC为靶基因设计特异性引物,进行PCR扩增及环介导恒温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),并对其特异性、灵敏性和实际应用进行了比较。结果显示,10株病原迟钝爱德华菌均扩增出fimA、fimB、gadB及citC 4种毒力基因,目的条带大小分别为240、217、171及119 bp,4株对照菌无任何扩增条带;以fimA和gadB设计的两对引物进行的双重PCR扩增,同一PCR反应体系中病原迟钝爱德华菌可扩增出240和171 bp两条目的条带,且灵敏度为3.0×10³ CFU/mL,4株对照菌无任何扩增条带;以fimA设计的4条特异引物进行的LAMP扩增,病原迟钝爱德华菌可扩增出阶梯状条带,反应产物加入荧光染料SYBR Green Ⅰ后反应液呈现明显的绿色阳性反应,4株对照菌无阶梯状扩增条带且呈现橙色阴性反应,灵敏度为3.0×10¹ CFU/mL,比双重PCR的检测限要低100倍。研究表明,操作简便、快速且特异性及灵敏性强的LAMP检测方法,对迟钝爱德华菌引起的水产动物疾病的快速诊断具有实践意义。     

溶血相关基因缺失降低鳗弧菌感染花鲈的致病性

为阐明毒力因子溶血素对鳗弧菌感染花鲈过程中发挥的作用,实验以花鲈为研究模型,采用临床剖检、组织病理学观察、分子生物学检测、转录组分析等检测方法开展实验。通过对花鲈幼鱼分别注射5.0×105 CFU鳗弧菌野生株和缺失株△vah1-vah4-rtxA,评估了溶血相关基因缺失对花鲈的感染能力、花鲈各组织的病理变化情况以及免疫响应的影响。结果显示,花鲈感染野生株后的LD50为2.103×105 CFU/mL,感染缺失株△vah1-vah4-rtxA后LD50为1.837×106 CFU/mL,溶血相关基因缺失使鳗弧菌毒性降低8.74倍;鳗弧菌主要定殖在花鲈的肠道和鳃中,溶血相关基因缺失降低鳗弧菌在花鲈体内的定殖能力,同时降低对肠道黏膜空泡化、鳃坏死的损伤程度;转录组分析表明vah1、vah4、rtxA缺失后,头肾组织的差异表达基因显著富集到造血细胞谱系、抗原处理和呈递、细胞粘附分子、肠道免疫网络的IgA生产等免疫通路。这些结果表明,溶血相关基因缺失降低了鳗弧菌感染花鲈的致病能力。研究结果有助于进一步了解鳗弧菌的致病机制,并为开发花鲈抗弧菌免疫增强剂或减毒疫苗提供依据。     

环介导等温扩增技术与横向流动试纸条法快速检测鳗利斯顿氏菌的研究

采用环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)、横向流动试纸条技术(Lateral flow dipstick,LFD),建立一种鳗利斯顿氏菌快速检测方法。针对鳗利斯顿氏菌金属蛋白酶基因设计一套特异性引物及异硫氰酸荧光素(Fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)标记的探针,结合生物素标记的环介导等温扩增技术扩增反应和横向流动试纸条技术对鳗利斯顿氏菌进行检测;比较LAMP-AGE、LAMP-LFD和PCR-AGE的灵敏度;选取4株鳗利斯顿氏菌和6株非鳗利斯顿氏菌验证LAMP-LFD特异性。试验结果表明,应用LAMP-LFD,能在30 min内完成鳗利斯顿氏菌的检测;LAMP-LFD检测的灵敏度为7.7 cfu/ml,LAMP-AGE和PCR-AGE检测的灵敏度均为77 cfu/ml;4株鳗利斯顿氏菌均呈阳性反应,其他6株非鳗利斯顿氏菌均为阴性。应用LAMP-LFD检测鳗利斯顿氏菌特异性强、灵敏度高、并且操作安全、简便、快捷。     

基于toxR基因病原哈氏弧菌PCR检测方法的建立

基于toxR基因序列设计检测哈氏弧菌的1对特异性引物,通过PCR反应条件优化、PCR反应特异性及敏感性检测,建立一种哈氏弧菌的特异性分子检测方法.试验结果表明,该引物可使哈氏弧菌扩增出大小为390 bp的toxR基因片段,3种水产动物病原弧菌未扩增出任何条带,敏感性检测结果为该PCR反应最低能检测出0.375 ng/μ...     

中国对虾糠虾幼体病原哈氏弧菌的鉴定及毒力基因检测

2011年春季对江苏连云港某对虾育苗场中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis病死糠虾幼体分离到优势生长菌,对分离菌进行致病性、形态与生理生化特征及16S rRNA和gyrB基因同源性与系统发育分析。结果显示,引起糠虾幼体大量死亡的病原为哈氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi,菌株kx1对中国对虾仔虾和日本对虾仔虾的半数致死量LD50分别为2.0×106CFU/ml和7.0×105CFU/ml。为进一步明确分离菌株毒力基因的携带情况,进行了分离鉴定的4株病原菌对群体效应调节基因(luxR)、毒力调控基因(toxR)、溶血素基因(vhhA和vhhB)、金属蛋白酶基因(vhpA和vhpB)、毒力相关基因(toxS)、鞭毛结构基因(flaA)及锌金属蛋白酶基因(pap6)共9种毒力基因的检测,结果表明,4株病原菌均可检测到luxR、toxR、vhhA、vhhB和pap6毒力基因,扩增片段大小分别为679、390、1324、216和355 bp,其他4种毒力基因未检测到。分离鉴定的4株病原哈氏弧菌携带相同的毒力基因,这些毒力基因可作为检测致病性哈氏弧菌的生物学标记。     

溶藻弧菌溶血素基因反向PCR克隆及其原核表达

溶藻弧菌的胞外产物(ECP)在其致病过程中发挥重要作用,已经观察到溶藻弧菌ECP所致的溶血现象,关于溶藻弧菌溶血素的种类和其对溶藻弧菌的致病性贡献的报道非常稀少。本文利用已经报道的多种弧菌溶血素基因序列设计通用引物,检测溶血素基因在溶藻弧菌中的分布,发现96个菌株中有74株扩增出溶血素基因(vah)片段。对致病株ZJ0451的 vah片段测序。根据已测得的片段序列设计引物,通过反向PCR扩增及后续克隆测序获得全长vah基因及部分侧翼序列。经比对证实溶藻弧菌vah与多种弧菌的TLH类溶血素高度相似,且其肽链N端有信号肽。利用pET32a载体构建了两种包含不同长度融合标签的vah表达载体,并均在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得可溶性表达。在26℃的诱导温度下,9h时vah表达量达到相对最大。在原核表达系统中,vah蛋白信号肽可以被切除。     

鳗源创伤弧菌的鉴定与血清型分析

本研究对分离自发病鳗鲡的疑似创伤弧菌进行鉴定及血清型分析,经生化鉴定,从发病鳗鲡中得到7株创伤弧菌;设计了创伤弧菌溶血素基因(vlly)特异性引物,并对分离菌进行了PCR检测,创伤弧菌均可扩增出溶血素基因352 bp的目标片段,而非创伤弧菌未扩增出相应的片段;制备了创伤弧菌抗O抗原血清,凝集反应显示所得到的鳗源创伤弧菌抗O抗原血清不能与人源创伤弧菌1.1758发生凝集反应,菌株FJ03-X2抗O抗原血清可与大部分的鳗源创伤弧菌发生凝集反应。以上研究结果表明,基于溶血素基因设计的PCR引物具有良好的特异性,可用于创伤弧菌检测,鳗源创伤弧菌血清型不同于其他来源的创伤弧菌,菌株FJ03-X2的O抗原具有良好的免疫原性,可作为创伤弧菌疫苗研发的候选菌株。     

应用多重PCR检测水生动物源气单胞菌安徽分离株的毒力基因型分布

粘附素(aha1)、气溶素(aerA)和细胞兴奋性肠毒素(alt)是气单胞菌的主要毒力因子。根据aha1、aerA和alt基因序列设计三对引物建立了可同时检测三种毒力基因的多重PCR方法(MPCR)。该方法扩增出气单胞菌的aha1大小为1087bp,aerA为721bp,alt为480bp,其敏感度为102CFU·mL-1。而对金黄色葡萄球菌、恶臭假单胞菌、拟态弧菌以及非致病性气单胞菌均未扩增出任何条带。用限制性内切酶EcoRⅤ、BamHⅠ和FbaⅠ分别酶切PCR扩增产物,均获得与预期一致的酶切图谱。用建立的MPCR对15株水生动物源气单胞菌安徽分离株进行毒力基因检测,结果显示在13株致病性气单胞菌中10株细菌的毒力基因型为alt aha1 aerA ,2株为alt aha1-aerA-,1株为alt aha1 aerA-;alt、aha1和aerA基因在气单胞菌中的携带率分别为100%、84.62%和76.92%。表明气单胞菌安徽分离株的主要毒力基因型是alt aha1 aerA 的高毒力表型,alt毒力基因普遍存在于不同表型种气单胞菌中。     

Application of the rpoS gene for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in flounder and prawn by polymerase chain reaction

Vibrio anguillarum , an opportunistic fish pathogen, is the main species responsible for vibriosis, a disease that affects feral and farmed fish and shellfish, and causes considerable economic losses in marine aquaculture. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect V. anguillarum . PCR specificity was evaluated by amplifying the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, in six strains of V. anguillarum and 36 other bacterial species. PCR amplified a species-specific fragment (689 bp) from V. anguillarum . Furthermore, the PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect rpoS expression from 3 pg of genomic DNA , or from six colony-forming units (CFU) mL⁻¹ of cultured V. anguillarum . However, the assay was less sensitive when genomic DNA from the infected flounder and prawn was used (limit of detection, 50 ng and 10 ng g⁻¹ tissue, respectively). These data demonstrate that PCR amplification of the rpoS gene is a sensitive and species-specific method to detect V. anguillarum in practical situations.     

发病鲆鲽类分离菌株的16S rRNA基因测序分析

细菌性疾病是中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的主要病害,为全面了解病原菌种类,本研究对1999~2012年从山东、江苏、河北、天津等沿海地区养殖场发病鲆鲽鱼类中分离得到的124株优势菌株进行了16S rRNA基因测序和系统发育学分析。将基因序列与GenBank核酸序列数据库进行相似度比对分析,结果显示,有83株与弧菌属(Vibriosp.)细菌相似度最高,11株与气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.)细菌相似度最高,4株与爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella sp.)细菌相似度最高,26株为其他15种属的细菌。根据系统发育学分析结果,进一步将66株菌鉴定为16个种,优势种为溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、哈氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和迟缓爱德华氏菌(E.tarda)。选择其中的9株鳗弧菌和4株迟缓爱德华氏菌进行人工感染实验,结果显示,其中7株鳗弧菌和3株迟缓爱德华氏菌对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)有较强的致病性。研究结果可为阐明中国海水养殖鲆鲽类的流行病发生历史、病原种类、病原监测及疾病控制提供重要参考。     

Evaluation of the AQUARAPID-Va, AQUAEIA-Va and dot-blot assays for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum in fish tissues

The comparative accuracy of the serological assays AQUARAPID-Va, AQUAEIA-Va (BIONOR AS), and dot-blot for a rapid diagnosis of vibriosis in fish was evaluated. Twenty-one Vibrio anguillarum strains, representative of pathogenic and environmental serotypes, and 13 strains of other fish pathogenic bacteria were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the detection methods. The serological assays tested detected all the strains of V. anguillarum serotypes O1 and O2. The dot-blot assay was the most specific and sensitive method, detecting almost all isolates from serotypes O1, O2 and O3, with an average sensitivity of 1 x 10(6) bacteria g(-1) of fish tissue. The AQUARAPID-Va and the AQUAEIA-Va systems were able to detect 5 x 10(6) and 5 x 10(7) bacteria g(-1) of fish tissue, respectively. The simplicity, effectiveness and speed of the AQUARAPID-Va system confirmed this method as the most suitable serological test for the detection of V. anguillarum in field analysis and small-scale laboratory studies.     

致病性哈维氏弧菌溶血素基因克隆及其检测

从山东沿海的发病鲈鱼（Lateolabrax japonicus）分离到1株致病性哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi），从该菌的染色体DNA扩增出一条长约1．4kb的特异性片段。DNA序列分析表明，该克隆片段含有完整的1254bp溶血素基因，该溶血素基因与哈维氏弧菌VIB645的溶血素基因VhhA和VhhB的相似性分别为99．0％和98．5％；与副溶血弧菌（V．parahaemolyticus）热稳定性溶血素基因（TDH）的相似性为74．5％；与拟态弧菌（V．mimicus）、创伤弧菌（V．vulnificus）、霍乱弧菌（V．chderae）磷脂酶基因的序列相似性分别为57．4％、59．2％、53．0％；与最小弧菌、创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌、霍氏弧菌（V．hollisae）、河流弧菌（V．tguvialis）、鳗弧菌（V．anguillarum）的溶血素基因的相似性仅为19．9％～24．8％。根据溶血素基因的保守区段，设计了1对特异引物。分析表明，该引物能特异检测哈维氏弧菌。其可检测的DNA最小量为0．001ng。用该方法对55株不同来源的患病鱼分离的疑似病原菌进行检测，结果检出8株哈维氏弧菌，检出率为14．55％，从健康动物中检出数占所检弧菌数的6．25％，海洋环境为10．53％，海水养殖环境为26．53％，表明哈维氏弧菌在不同的海水环境及健康海洋动物中普遍存在，在养殖水体中的数量高于其他海水环境。     

Rapid and sensitive detection of Vibrio harveyi by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick targeted to vhhP2 gene

Vibrio harveyi is a causative agent of the Vibriosis or luminescent bacterial disease in worldwide aquaculture industry. A reliable assay for identification of V. harveyi infection is important to prevent the bacterial spread. In this study, biotinylated loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) amplicons were produced by a set of four designed primers that recognized specifically the V. harveyi vhhP2 gene, encoding a putative outer membrane protein with unknown function, followed by hybridization with an fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled probe and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) detection. A novel set of PCR primer was also designed specifically to vhhP2 gene and appear to be a species‐specific tool for V. harveyi detection. The optimized time and temperature conditions for the LAMP assay were 90 min at 65°C. The LAMP‐LFD and PCR methods accurately identified 22 isolates of V. harveyi but did not detect 16 non‐harveyi Vibrio isolates, and 34 non‐Vibrio bacterial isolates. The sensitivity of LAMP‐LFD for V. harveyi detection in pure culture was 1.1 × 10² CFU mL^?1 or equivalent to 0.6 CFU per reaction, while that of PCR was 6 CFU per reaction. For spiked shrimp sample, the sensitivity of LAMP was 1.8 × 10³ CFU g^?1 or equivalent to 5 CFU per reaction, while that of PCR was 50 CFU per reaction. In conclusion, the established LAMP‐LFD methods provided a valuable tool for rapid identification of V. harveyi and can be used to distinguish V. harveyi from V. campbellii.     

基于lolB基因的SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR检测病原霍乱弧菌方法的建立

基于霍乱弧菌lolB基因保守序列设计1对特异性引物,建立了SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR检测霍乱弧菌的方法。常规PCR检测仅霍乱弧菌扩增出大小为519bp的目的片段,其他3种病原弧菌均为阴性;SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR,在Tm为86.5～87℃,扩增产物的熔解曲线只出现1个单特异峰,无引物二聚体,表明该引物具有较好的特异性。SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量PCR扩增曲线反映了PCR的指数增长阶段和平台阶段;所制作的标准曲线在2.59×108～2.59×100拷贝数之间有较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.993,能对霍乱弧菌进行准确的定量分析。该方法检测时间从核酸抽提到结果分析仅需4～5h,较传统方法敏感、操作简单、耗时短,是霍乱弧菌引起的水产动物疾病的快速诊断及流行病调查的有效方法。     

环介导恒温扩增技术检测血卵涡鞭虫

血卵涡鞭虫病是海水甲壳类的重要寄生虫病,其流行范围广、死亡率高、危害非常严重。本研究根据GenBank中已登录的血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium sp.)ITS1序列设计了1套引物,该引物可识别目标基因中6个不同区段。以此套引物建立了一种基于环介导恒温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)的血卵涡鞕虫病诊断方法。特异性试验结果表明,该套引物对血卵涡鞕虫检测具有较高的特异性,能有效检出血卵涡鞕虫。敏感度试验结果表明,该LAMP技术的灵敏度比常规PCR技术高4个数量级。分别运用LAMP和常规PCR技术对25份临床疑似病例进行检测,LAMP方法共检出感染病例25份,常规PCR检出感染病例23份。该技术能在65℃恒温条件下45～60min完成目的DNA的扩增,可直接通过肉眼观察反应产物中是否产生白色沉淀或经SYBRGreenI染色后通过颜色变化、扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳来定性判断结果,这将为血卵涡鞕虫病的临床诊断提供一种更加简便、快速、实用的方法。     

Identification and Detection of the Pathogenic Bacteria Responsible for Swollen Abdomen Disease in Cultured Turbot,Scophthalmus maximus,and Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

Swollen abdomen disease (SAD) seriously threatens the aquaculture of turbots and flounders. Two dominant bacterial strains, FS1 and FS2, were isolated from the livers and kidneys of fish with diagnosed SAD. Applications of biochemical analyses, sequence analyses of 16S ribosomal RNA gene and heat shock protein 60 gene revealed two distinct pathogenic bacterial species, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio alginolyticus. These two hypothesized SAD‐causing pathogens were validated by challenge trials on flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Challenges with E. tarda and V. alginolyticus demonstrated lethal dose 50 (LD₅₀) values at 1.51 × 10⁵ colony‐forming units (CFU) and 1.05 × 10⁵ CFU, respectively. To develop a rapid SAD diagnosis method in flounders and turbots, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay method was developed to simultaneously detect E. tarda and V. alginolyticus. Our multiplex PCR assay successfully detected as low as 10⁵ CFU/mL E. tarda and V. alginolyticus in flounders and turbots. No other common fish pathogens were detected with the multiplex PCR, suggesting a high specificity of this assay. The multiplex PCR assay developed in this study showed a great reliability in detecting SAD‐causing bacterial pathogens. Further optimization of this assay may contribute to the development of a novel SAD diagnosis tool in aquaculture.