反相高效液相色谱法测定猪尿中的莱克多巴胺

本文对猪尿中莱克多巴胺的高效液相色谱检测方法进行了优化,猪尿碱化后用叔丁基甲基醚提取莱克多巴胺,用硅胶柱净化;以乙腈-水-冰乙酸-辛烷磺酸钠为流动相,反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法进行测定,激发波长226nm,发射波长305nm,方法的检测限为10μg/L,定量限为50μg/L,回收率大于70%,变异系数小于10%。     

饲料中莱克多巴胺的HPLC法测定

用碱性甲醇提取试样中的莱克多巴胺,经SLA固相萃取柱净化,浓缩后用2%乙酸溶液定容,过膜后用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法分离测定;色谱柱类型Waters Svmmetry C18柱,250mm×4.6mm(i.d.),粒径5μm;流动相为戊烷磺酸钠溶液:乙腈(体积比80:20);激发波长为226nm,发射波长为306nm;流速1ml/min;进样量50μl;饲料中莱克多巴胺的检测限为0.5mg/kg;莱克多巴胺的测定在0.02-0.50μg/ml范围内具有良好的线性关系,平均回收率在85.1%以上,RSD小于7.5%;方法简单,灵敏度高,可用于饲料中莱克多巴胺的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中黄曲霉素B1

试验建立了免疫亲和色谱-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定饲料中黄曲霉素B1,采用甲醇-水提取饲料中的黄曲霉素B1,用免疫亲和色谱柱净化,以甲醇和水为流动相,反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法进行测定,激发波长为365nm,发射波长为435nm。方法的检测限为0.01μg/kg,定量限为0.03μg/kg,平均回收率为77.5%,变异系数为0.03%。     

高效液相色谱法测定猪肉组织中莱克多巴胺的残留

用乙酸乙酯-正丁醇混合液为提取剂提取猪肉组织中的莱克多巴胺,经固相萃取柱净化,浓缩后用2%乙酸溶液定容,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法分离测定;色谱柱为C18柱,长250mm,内径4.6mm,粒度5μm;流动相为戊烷磺酸钠溶液:乙腈(78:22,V/V);激发波长为226nm,发射波长为306nm;流速1mL/min;进样量50μl;猪肉组织中莱克多巴胺的检测限为5μg/kg;莱克多巴胺的测定在2.5～25ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,平均回收率在85.0%以上,RSD小于2.5%;方法简单,灵敏度高,可用于猪肉组织中莱克多巴胺残留的测定。     

高效液相色谱-紫外串联荧光检测法测定猪饲料中五种β-兴奋剂

采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外串联荧光检测法测定猪饲料中5种β-兴奋剂类药物(克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、非诺特罗、莱克多巴胺和班布特罗)。用0.1mol/lHCl-甲醇(9+1,V/V)提取药物,旋蒸至干,用0.3%乙酸复溶,正己烷洗涤杂质。用MCX固相萃取柱净化,以C18色谱柱、甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行分离;以紫外检测器249nm波长,荧光检测器激发波长226nm、发射波长306nm进行串联检测。方法的检测限为20μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg,平均回收率范围为86.7%～103.5%,变异系数范围为1.5%～9.5%。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中的黄曲霉素B1

试验建立了免疫亲和色谱-高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定饲料中黄曲霉素B1，采用甲醇-水提取饲料中的黄曲霉素B1，用免疫亲和色谱柱净化，以甲醇和水为流动相，反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法进行测定，激发波长为365nm，发射波长为435nm。方法的检测限为0．01μg／kg，定量限为0．03μg／kg，平均回收率为77．5％，变异系数为0．03％。     

猪饲料中莱克多巴胺的GC/MS快速测定

本实验对猪饲料中莱克多巴胺的气相色谱-质谱快速检测方法进行了研究.采用酸性甲醇-水提取饲料中的莱克多巴胺,经乙酸乙酯萃取和酸性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,衍生化后用气相色谱-质谱法检测和确证.结果表明,方法平均回收率为70.8%～83.8%,日间变异系数为4.5%～11.1%(n=3),配合饲料检测限和定量限分别为0.5μg/g和1.0 μg/g,预混合饲料检测限和定量限分别为0.3 μg/g和0.7 μg/g.该方法适合饲料中莱克多巴胺的确证和定量分析.     

猪肉及组织中β-受体激动剂UPLC-MS/M检测方法研究

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测猪肉中克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇3种β-受体激动剂残留方法.选用盐酸葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶水解,混合型阳离子交换固相萃取净化,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液-甲醇为流动相,超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测,在1.0、5.0、10μg/kg浓度添加水平,空白肌肉组织中3种药物添加平均回收率范围84~95%,标准偏差3.6~8.1%.该方法检测限为0.1μg/kg,定量限为0.3μg/kg,具有准确敏感特性.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究猪毛发中克仑特罗和莱克多巴胺的残留及代谢规律

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测猪毛发中克仑特罗和莱克多巴胺残留的方法。猪毛发经1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液水解、乙酸乙酯萃取、MCX固相萃取柱净化,流动相溶解后用HPLC-MS/MS进行检测。克仑特罗在1.9～463.2 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999 0);回收率为83.3%～86.6%,相对标准偏差为6.7%～9.2%;检出限为0.3μg/kg,定量限为0.8μg/kg。莱克多巴胺在2.8～562.9 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999 2);回收率为83.4%～88.4%,相对标准偏差为7.2%～9.6%;检出限为0.4μg/kg,定量限为1.2μg/kg。应用该方法研究了克仑特罗、莱克多巴胺在猪毛发中的代谢规律并进行了猪毛发样品检测。结果喂药7 d至停药21 d猪毛发中均检出克仑特罗、莱克多巴胺残留;检测猪毛发样品25份,1份样品检出克仑特罗,残留量为58.68μg/kg。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中三种β-兴奋剂

对饲料中三种β-兴奋剂类药物沙丁胺醇、非诺特罗和莱克多巴胺的高效液相色谱检测方法进行了研究.采用0.1 mol/L HCl-甲醇(9/1,V/V)提取药物,旋转蒸发至干,4 mL 0.3%乙酸复溶,依次用二氯甲烷和正己烷洗涤杂质.再用MCX固相萃取柱进一步净化样品.以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法进行测定,激发波长220 m,发射渡长306 nm.结果表明,三种β-兴奋荆类药物方法的检测限均为17μg/kg,定量限均为50 μg,kg,平均回收率为88.6%～107.1%,变异系数为0.5%～9.7%.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.