碧护在戈壁滩山葡萄上的应用效果

山葡萄品种‘双红'、‘双优'在我国西部嘉峪关戈壁滩上栽培不下架、不埋土,虽能抵御严冬和春旱,但产量很低.用德国阿格福莱农林环境生物技术股份有限公司生产、北京诚禾佳信农资公司代销的复合植物激素碧护喷施后,增产效果明显、质量提高.经分析施用碧护后增产的原因是提高了山葡萄的抗性.     

优质抗寒葡萄新品种‘凌丰红’

‘凌丰红’是从欧亚种葡萄‘红地球’和山葡萄品种‘双优’杂交后代中选育的优质抗寒酿酒、制汁葡萄新品种,2019年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记并命名。1品种特征特性果穗圆锥形,松紧适中,平均穗重254.1 g。果粒圆形,平均粒重3.3 g,果皮蓝黑色,无涩味。果肉可溶性固形物含量21.5%,无香味。果实含种子三四粒。     

山葡萄新品种‘北冰红’和‘左优红’在吉林省柳河县大面积生产栽培的表现

于2005～2010年,在吉林省柳河县进行酿造冰红、干红山葡萄酒新品种‘北冰红’和‘左优红’的大面积生产栽培,并采用山葡萄定向栽培技术管理。结果表明:‘北冰红’和‘左优红’适宜当地的土壤和气候,主要表现抗霜霉病、果粒和果穗大、出汁率和果实含糖高、总酸和单宁低,用其果实酿造的干红和冰红山葡萄酒酒质好,比对照品种‘双红’增产平均30.8%,种植‘北冰红’和‘左优红’效益是种植玉米2.76～2.94倍,效益显著。     

‘左优红’葡萄苗木绿枝繁殖技术

‘左优红’葡萄可用于酿造干红葡萄酒,酒质好。其抗病性强、抗寒性强、产量高。生育期120～130d,3～6年生树每1hm^2产量7．0～10．0t。适宜在年无霜期125d,≥10℃活动积温2700℃以上,冬季极端最低气温不低干-37℃的地区生产栽培。在辽宁沈阳和沈阳以南的地区或类似气候区,树越冬不需下架埋土防寒,无冻害,但在沈阳以北为安全起见,植株越冬需下架简易防寒（下架枝蔓埋严土即可）。     

酿酒葡萄冻害发生及补救措施

集安市位于鸭绿江北岸,因气候较好被称为吉林省的小江南。由于耕地少（七山一水二分田）,而且种植粮食作物产量低,从土壤和气候适宜山葡萄生长出发,20世纪70年代开始人工栽培山葡萄,到目前已经发展近2667hm2,为国内最大的山葡萄产区,经济效益较高。主栽培品种有‘双红’‘双优’‘公酿一号’‘北冰红’。     

山葡萄“双优”、“双红”露地防寒技术

正山葡萄"双优"和"双红"自2003年引入松原职业技术学院酿酒葡萄试验园区以来,现已在松原地区推广栽培250hm2。栽植实践证明,在松原地区一般不需埋土防寒,可自然立地越冬,但经2009～2011年调查研究发现,山葡萄"双优"、"双红"经埋土防寒,在生长势、结实力、产量和品质等方面均有显著提高。     

酿酒山葡萄新品种‘紫晶甘露’

‘紫晶甘露’是以优质酿酒山葡萄酒品种‘左山二’为母本，‘哈桑’为父本杂交选育而成的能够单品种酿造干红酒的山葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形，有岐肩或副穗。果实圆球形，果皮黑色，果肉绿色，无肉囊，种子2 ~ 4粒。生长势强，抗寒、抗病性极强，4年丰产，4 ~ 6年平均产量1 876 kg • km-2。果实可溶性固形物含量达到21.0%，总酸11.6 g • L-1，出汁率65.5%。     

吉林市松花湖林区‘左优红’山葡萄引种栽培

以‘左优红’山葡萄为试材,研究了吉林市松花湖退耕还林地‘左优红’山葡萄品种的栽培表现。结果表明:‘左优红’5月上旬萌芽,9月中下旬果实充分成熟;栽培成活率达95.5%;结果系数2.07;果穗平均重211.8g,可溶性固形物含量20.8%,总酸含量15.5g/L;3年生开花株率达到65.5%,产量达1 830.0kg/hm2;4年生产量3 750.0kg/hm2,5年进入丰产期,产量稳定,5~7年平均产量达18 360kg/hm2。     

酿酒葡萄新品种‘北馨’

<正>中国葡萄主产区冬季埋土防寒,生长季喷施化学农药,加大了生产成本与生产风险(李文超和王振平,2012)。选用适合中国气候条件的高抗逆的酿造品种是中国葡萄酒产业目前急需解决的问题之一(刘玺华等,2013;张振文等,2013)。‘北馨’是山葡萄与欧亚种杂交后代。2004年选为优良单株,2007年开始在北京海淀、朝阳、大兴、延庆及天津静海等地进行区域试验,结果表明其抗寒性强,在北京、天津等地冬季不埋土防寒可以安全越冬,生长季病害较少,结实性强,稳产性优于‘北玫’,酿酒品质优良。2013年12月通过北京市林木品种审定委员会的审定,定名为‘北馨’。     

‘辽峰’葡萄无核及膨大栽培技术

瓦房店市万家岭镇于2010年秋从辽阳灯塔市引入葡萄新品种‘辽峰’进行试验,并在栽培上应用无核剂及膨大剂进行果穗处理.经过4年多的栽培观察,该品种生长势强,比‘巨峰’丰产,抗病且不裂果,经无核及膨大处理,可实现果实无核,且口感好、外观美,综合性状和品质优于‘巨峰’.当地销售价格是‘巨峰’的2倍以上,是优良的中熟鲜食葡萄品种,市场前景看好.     

英国黑加仑优良品种

该文介绍了近30年英国选育的12个黑加仑优良品种。分析了我国黑加仑生产中存在的问题。建议积极开展国际合作和引种，利用我国现有的优良种质资源培育适应我国气候条件的新品种，选择适宜的主栽品种和搭配品种，搞好种苗繁育工作，杜绝使用带病毒种苗和未经审定的实生后代扦插苗。     

Stolon Development and Cultural Production Practices of Winter-Grown Strawberries

ABSTRACT

The four experiments described here are part of a 5-year program focused on determining whether day-neutral and short-day strawberries would be suitable for commercial off-season/winter (temperate climate) production in greenhouses. All research was performed using container-grown plants fertigated through a capillary mat production system with heat supplied under the benches. The first experiment focused on stolon development. The second experiment investigated the influence of stolon removal on berry production and included the removal of flowers for the first three weeks. The third and fourth experiments were conducted as a comparison of university research (experiment 3) versus a commercial operation (experiment 4). In experiment one, of 13 cultivars, ‘AC Wendy’ plants produced significantly more stolons than the other cultivars. In experiment two, stolon production peaked at weeks 12 and 13, with ‘Chandler’ plants producing significantly more stolons (starting at week 9) than the other cultivars. At week 13, ‘Seascape’ plants produced more total berry weight than the other cultivars. The influence of stolon removal on total berry weight varied, with ‘Evie-2+’ plants (large crowns) producing higher total berry weight with the stolons on as compared to ‘Evie-2’ plants, which produced higher total berry weight with the stolons removed. In experiment 2, fruit production was low and was probably a result of deflowering for three weeks. Consequently, it may not be advisable to deflower during the ‘off-season’ for greenhouse-grown strawberries. In the final two experiments, which involved a commercial cooperator as well as the university greenhouse, it was found that of the five cultivars trialed, the same cultivars at both sites produced the maximum total berry weight. Stolon production differed at the two locations, but the optimal time for stolon removal was similar. Thus, it is recommended that for winter greenhouse production, stolons be removed initially at week 8 and then at weeks 11–12 of the production cycle.     

Screening of cold-resistant seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of eastern Gansu province,China, as rootstocks

Seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of Eastern Gansu province, China, were evaluated to screen cold-resistant rootstocks in Lanzhou area. After 14-year investigation two selections of LDP-191and LDP-294 were screened as rootstocks for two table grape cultivars, ‘Fujiminori’ and ‘Red Globe’, respectively. The two graft unions demonstrated very high cold-resistance as well as good graft compatibility. Furthermore, they could survive through low temperatures in winter without soil coverage together with good fruit quality of the cultivars grafted.     

葡萄越冬期间枝条水分含量变化的研究

对比冬季埋土与不埋土葡萄枝条水分含量变化表明:葡萄枝条冬季对低温的适应和自我锻炼过程需要相当长的时间;不埋土与埋土相比,冬季葡萄1 a生枝条水分含量变化的总体趋势是一致的,即自由水含量降低,而束缚水含量升高,只是变化幅度比埋土防寒的要大一些,表明,露地越冬的葡萄枝条能更快地适应外界环境的变化.北京地区,早春季节是葡萄1 a生枝条水分散失的主要时期.     

完全花山葡萄四倍体种质的发现及鉴定

 山葡萄种质2413为75—2-200(通化3号×双庆)植株的一个枝蔓变异的自然授粉后代。对2413及75-2-200进行了形态学、组织学、孢粉学、细胞学鉴定。结果表明,2413叶片大而厚,叶柄和枝条粗壮,节间长,气孔大,花粉粒大,花粉发芽率低,体细胞染色体2n：76,证明其为四倍体。     

牡丹促成栽培管理技术

牡丹是我国特有的木本名贵花卉,它雍容华贵、端妍富丽,深受国人喜爱。但由于牡丹的花期短,大大降低了其观赏时间。牡丹的促成栽培方法可以有效增加在同一生长季内牡丹的开花次数,缓解北方地区冬季无牡丹可赏的状况,同时这种促成栽培方法也可以达到牡丹开花数量大,品种多,时间准的要求,丰富各种节日的节日用花。     

杨梅雌、雄种质遗传关系的RAPD和ISSR分析

为获得与主栽的杨梅品种遗传基础相近的杨梅雄株,文章采用了22个多态的RAPD引物和7个多态的ISSR引物,对浙江杨梅的栽培品种东魁、荸荠种、晚稻杨梅、丁岙梅和早色等10个雌株与17个雄株种质资源间的遗传关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同杨梅产地收集的这17个杨梅雄株种质资源中,雄株与品种间的遗传关系呈规律性,即同一产区的地方品种与当地的雄株间遗传相似程度最高,而同一地区不同雄株与当地主栽品种间的遗传相似程度也有不同。通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析,上述5个杨梅主栽品种分别获得了与其亲缘关系相对接近的雄株,成对遗传相似系数最高为0.958,最低为0.878。     

Maintaining product quality in raisins throughout the introgression of powdery mildew resistance

The availability of powdery mildew-resistant raisin accessions will lower grower production costs and enhance the environment through reduced fungicide use. To achieve this objective, backcrossing has been employed with Vitis romanetii as the source of non-race-specific powdery mildew resistance. Initial crosses of powdery mildew-resistant F₁ hybrid B36-45 with seeded raisin cultivars ‘Rangspray’ and ‘Raisin de Palestine’ yielded seedless powdery mildew-resistant first-generation backcross selections C87-41 and C87-106, which were used to develop second-generation backcross populations. Principal component analyses consistently identified ‘wrinkle,’ ‘meatiness,’ ‘product attractiveness’ and ‘skin persistence’ as being the quality characteristics most important in discriminating among powdery mildew-resistant raisin accessions and commercial raisin cultivars. Raisin quality ratings were much improved across most evaluated characters in second-generation backcross families as compared with parental powdery mildew- resistant accessions C87-41 and C87-106. After two generations of backcrossing, powdery mildew-resistant raisin selections were identified with product quality characteristics similar to those of commercial raisin cultivars.     

中国野生毛葡萄芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23调控抗白粉病的研究

利用同源克隆法得到抗白粉病的中国野生毛葡萄‘丹凤–2’芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23的开放阅读框，并构建过表达载体；通过器官发生途径诱导不抗白粉病的欧洲葡萄‘无核白’分生愈伤组织并采用农杆菌介导法对其进行转化；经过PCR检测和Western blot鉴定，获得了5株VqSTS11超量表达植株和3株VqSTS23超量表达植株；人工接种白粉菌发现，转基因植株中白粉菌菌丝生长速度慢，孢子萌发受到一定的抑制，并且转基因植株中芪合酶基因相对表达量升高，抗病相关基因表达上调，芪类物质含量积累增多。本研究结果进一步证明中国野生毛葡萄‘丹凤–2’芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23对白粉菌具有抗性，‘丹凤–2’可以为改良欧洲葡萄品种抗病性提供抗病基因，作为抗病育种的资源。