施氮和木薯-花生间作对木薯养分积累和系统养分利用的影响

【目的】木薯-花生间作是一种生态高效的种植模式,研究分析施氮和木薯-花生间作对木薯氮磷钾素积累和系统氮磷钾素利用的影响规律,以期为木薯-花生合理间作和养分高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2015和2016年,以木薯品种华南205和花生品种粤油200为材料,设计不施氮、施氮2个水平和木薯单作、花生单作、木薯间作1行花生、木薯间作2行花生及木薯间作3行花生共5种种植模式,研究不同木薯-花生间作系统的木薯养分积累和系统养分利用特征。【结果】随着木薯生育时期的推进,块根氮磷钾素的积累量和分配率增加;茎秆氮磷钾素积累量和氮素分配率增加,磷钾素分配率先增加后降低;叶片氮磷钾素积累量先增加后降低,分配率下降。不同生育时期、不同施氮水平和不同种植模式间块根、茎秆、叶片和植株的氮磷钾素积累量变化规律存在差异。同一种植模式,施氮处理生产100 kg荚果所需氮钾量、生产100 kg鲜薯所需氮磷钾量、木薯氮素收获指数、木薯磷钾肥偏生产力、钾素间作优势、系统氮钾素积累总量和系统内木薯氮磷钾素比例较不施氮处理提高或显著提高,而花生氮钾素利用效率、花生磷素积累总量、木薯氮钾素利用效率、木薯钾素收获指数、系统内花生氮磷钾素比例、氮素间作优势和氮磷钾素的土地当量比较不施氮处理降低或显著降低。同一施氮水平,间作花生的氮磷素积累总量、氮磷钾肥偏生产力显著低于单作花生,间作木薯的氮磷钾肥偏生产力、钾素利用效率和磷素收获指数低于单作木薯。随着间作花生行数的增加,氮磷钾素的土地当量比和间作优势、系统内花生氮磷钾素比例、花生的氮磷钾素积累总量和氮磷钾肥偏生产力提高或显著提高,系统内木薯氮磷钾素比例下降。【结论】与单作模式相比,木薯间作2行和3行花生模式虽降低了系统内单一作物的产量、氮磷钾肥偏生产力和氮磷钾素积累总量,但提高了系统氮磷钾素积累总量,表现出明显的间作优势,氮磷钾素间作优势分别为63.91—112.11、19.37—42.67和68.29—105.62 kg·hm~(-2)。     

Nutrient deficiency limits population development,yield formation,and nutrient uptake of direct sown winter oilseed rape

Direct-sowing establishment method has great significance in improving winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production and guaranteeing edible oil security in China. However, nutrient responses on direct sown winter oilseed rape (DOR) performance and population development dynamic are still not well understood. Therefore, five on-farm experiments were conducted in the reaches of the Yangtze River (RYR) to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) deficiencies on population density, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and yield components of DOR plants. Four fertilization treatments included the balanced NPK application treatment (NPK, 180 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 100 kg K, and 1.8 kg borax ha–1) and three nutrient deficiency treatments based on the NPK treatment, i.e., –N, –P, and –K. The results indicated that DOR population density declined gradually throughout the growing season, especially at over-wintering and pod-development stages. Nutrient deficiency decreased nutrient concentration in DOR plants, limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, and thereby exacerbated density reduction during plants growth. The poor individual growth and reduced population density together decreased seed yield in the nutrient deficiency treatment. Averaged across all the experiments, seed yield reduced 61% by N deficiency, 38.3% by P deficiency, and 14.4% by K deficiency. The negative effects of nutrient deficiency on DOR performances followed the order of –N>–P>–K, and the effects were various among different nutrient deficiencies. Although N deficiency improved DOR emergence, but it seriously limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, which in turn led to substantial plants death and therefore resulted in a very low harvested density. The P deficiency significantly reduced initial density, limited plants growth, and exacerbated density reduction. The K deficiency mainly decreased individual growth and yield, but did not affect density dynamic. Our results highlighted the importance of balanced NPK application in DOR production, suggesting that management strategy of these nutrients should be comprehensively considered with an aim to build an appropriate population structure with balanced plant density and individual growth.     

Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China

Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making. Datasets from a total of 5 408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield, the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield, defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application), and N, P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat. The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha~(-1), with a coefficient of variation(CV) of 24.9% across all sites. The yields in North-central China(NCC) and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR) were generally higher than 7 t ha~(-1), whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC), Northeast China(NEC), and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC) were usually less than 6 t ha~(-1). The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70, 0.85, and 0.85 for N, P, and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3, 74.7, and 95.9%, respectively. Variation existed in N, P, and K fertilizer requirements, with a CV of 24.8, 23.9, and 29.9%, respectively, across all sites. More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions. The average fertilizer requirement was 162, 72, and 57 kg ha~(-1) for N, P_2O_5, and K_2O fertilizers, respectively, across all sites. The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.     

湖北省花生平衡施肥技术研究Ⅴ.花生养分积累分配规律

分析了花生的养分积累及分配变化规律。结果表明,花生总干物质量、养分积累量除钙、镁在荚果膨大期最大外其余均随生育进程而增加,至收获期达到最大。每生产100 kg荚果,花生带走氮3.63 kg,磷0.47kg,钾1.45 kg,钙0.90 kg,镁1.00 kg,铁1.38 kg,铜0.02 kg,锌0.26 kg,硼0.05 kg。开花下针期是花生养分积累的关键时期。开花下针期后,花生除钙、镁外的营养元素主要从叶片和茎向荚果逐渐转移,根系分配变化较小。     

基于猕猴桃树体养分携出量确定果园合理施肥量——以周至县俞家河流域为例

为定量年生长周期内猕猴桃树体各器官养分含量及养分携出量,确定猕猴桃果园年养分需求量和合理施肥量,在猕猴桃年生长周期内采集秦美、哑特和华优3个品种猕猴桃树体各器官样品,测定养分含量,计算养分携出量。同时在参照研究区成龄果园树体养分贮藏量的基础上,通过果园养分吸收量推算猕猴桃果园合理施肥量。结果表明:不同品种猕猴桃果实产量、单果质量、单叶质量及叶个数、枝条修剪量间均没有显著差异,各器官氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分含量亦无显著差异。猕猴桃果园每生长1 kg叶片吸收的养分量为N 2.81 g、P 0.31 g、K 2.13 g;每收获1 kg鲜果移出的养分量为N 1.40 g、P 0.47 g、K 2.23 g;每修剪1 kg枝条移出的养分量为N 3.70 g、P 0.47 g、K 2.94 g。年生长周期内果园因叶片吸收、果实收获、枝条修剪和树体贮藏的总养分量为N 162kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、P 36 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、K 146 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),其中来自肥料的养分为N 38.0 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、P 5.4 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、K 20.0 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。研究表明,不同品种成龄猕猴桃果园的推荐施肥量均为N 380 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、P 77 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)、K 87 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O为1∶0.5∶0.3。     

四季豆丽芸2号生长动态及其养分吸收规律

对四季豆品种丽芸2号的生长动态和养分吸收特征进行研究,以明确四季豆生长过程中养分的吸收规律,为科学合理的农田养分管理提供参考。田间试验于2016年在浙江省丽水市进行,四季豆生产中农艺管理措施与当地农民习惯一致。在四季豆苗期、伸蔓期、开花期、结荚期、收获期,采集植株样品,测定植株干物质质量和营养元素氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、铁、锰、锌、钼、铜、硅等含量,并进行分析。结果表明,四季豆干物质累积量随着生长呈增加趋势,其中收获期经济产量干物质累积量最高,达到2 304.6 kg·hm^-2。四季豆不同生长时期对养分元素的需求为收获期>结荚期>伸蔓期>苗期和开花期。四季豆对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收比例为1.0∶0.4∶1.0,并分别将氮、磷、钾养分吸收量约79.0%分配到经济产量中。根据四季豆产量、养分含量和肥料利用率等指标,估算出单产30 000 kg·hm^-2(丰产水平)四季豆的合理施肥量为N 155~181 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 82~103 kg·hm^-2,K₂O 136~156 kg·hm^-2。该研究可以为四季豆生产中养分管理提供参考,同时减轻因肥料过量施用而导致的环境问题。     

稻草覆盖对马铃薯土壤养分释放及养分平衡的影响

【目的】探索马铃薯种植过程中稻草覆盖还田模式下稻草N、P、K释放和土壤N、P、K养分平衡的特征。【方法】采用盆栽试验的方法,对稻草覆盖还田后的腐解速率及养分释放状况进行研究。【结果】稻草覆盖还田82 d后,其C、P含量变化较小,K含量降低93.96%,而N含量却提高了49.22%;覆盖稻草可为土壤提供大量养分且以K居多,每覆盖还田100 kg稻草可为马铃薯生长提供N 0.42 kg、P 0.14 kg(P_2O_5)和K 1.70 kg(K_2O);稻草腐解率为70.87%;各养分累积释放率表现为:KCPN,C、N和P累积释放率分别为71.89%、56.85%和68.75%,K累积释放率最高,为98.22%。覆盖稻草和施用钾肥对土壤K平衡影响较大,不施钾肥和稻草土壤的K亏缺达163.80 kg/hm~2,覆盖稻草或施用钾肥均可有效降低土壤钾素亏缺量,稻草与钾肥配合施用可使土壤K收支平衡,甚至盈余。【结论】在稻草覆盖还田情况下,可适当减少钾肥用量,以降低生产成本,缓解我国钾肥资源匮乏的困境。     

Sunflower response to potassium fertilization and nutrient requirement estimation

Field experiments were conducted in oil and edible sunflower to study the effects of potassium(K) fertilization on achene yield and quality, and to estimate the nutrient internal efficiency(IE) and nutrient requirement in sunflower production. All trials in edible sunflower and 75% trials in oil sunflower showed positive yield responses to K fertilization. Compared with control without K fertilization, the application of K increased achene yield by an average of 406 kg ha~(–1) for oil sunflower and 294 kg ha~(–1) for edible sunflower. K application also increased 1 000-achene weight and kernel rate of both oil and edible sunflower. K fertilization improved the contents of oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in achenes of oil sunflower, and increased contents of oil, total unsaturated fatty acid and protein in achenes of edible sunflower. The average agronomic efficiency of K fertilizer was 4.0 for oil sunflower and 3.0 kg achene kg~(–1) K_2O for edible sunflower. The average IE of N, P and K under balanced NPK fertilization was 22.9, 82.8, and 9.9 kg kg~(–1) for oil sunflower, and 27.3, 138.9, and 14.3 kg kg~(–1) for edible sunflower. These values were equivalent to 45.5, 14.1, and 108.1 kg, and 39.0, 8.0, and 71.7 kg of N, P and K, respectively, in above-ground dry matter required for production per ton of achenes. The average harvest index of N, P and K was 0.47, 0.56 and 0.05 kg kg~(–1) in oil sunflower, and 0.58, 0.58 and 0.14 kg kg~(–1) in edible sunflower.     

Nutrient Budget and Soil Nutrient Status in Greenhouse System

This paper is based on nutrient budget and its effects on soil nutrient status in typical greenhouse system in China to provide a basis for raising the utilization rate of fertilizers and maintaining the sustainable development of agriculture in the greenhouse.By investigating the management of 18 representative greenhouses in Shouguang,Shandong Province,China,and analyzing both the greenhouse and open field soil samples,the soil nutrient budget and the trend of nutrient accumulation and translocation in soils were thus studied.The results under greenhouse system showed that the average annual inputs of N,P2O5 and K2O were 4 088,3 655 and 3 437 kg ha-1,respectively.The total inputs of N,P2O5 and K2O provided by chemical fertilizers which are the main source of soil nutrient were 63,61 and 66%,respectively.The utilization rates of N,P2O5 and K2O were only 24,8,46% and the input ratio among N,P2O5 and K2O （1：0.9：0.8） was quite different from the uptake ratio （1：0.3：1.4）.It had caused the excess of N,P2O5 and K2O in the soil,and the theoretical surpluses were 3 214,3 401 and 2 322 kg ha-1,respectively,for N,P2O5 and K2O.The level of the organic matter,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium was increased substantially,and their maximum level was observed in the topsoil （0-20 cm） with an average value being 1.4,1.9,21.2,5.4,and 3.7 times higher than that of the open field soil,respectively.The greenhouse soils showed leaching of the nutrients,especially NO3- which would cause a potential risk to the quality of groundwater in the area.It is necessary to apply more organic manure and provide nutrients according to the crop requirements and soil fertility as it could not only produce high crop yield,but also be beneficial to balance the soil nutrient and improve the utilization rate of fertilizers.Further,there would be no significant surplus of nutrients which may leach out of soil to contaminate the environment.     

迁安市花生测土配方施肥研究

[目的]为施肥分区和肥料配方提供依据。[方法]采用3414试验方案,安排田间试验。应用养分丰缺指标法和线性分析,确定土壤供肥量和肥料利用率。[结果]地膜花生试验地块土壤供氮量、供磷量、供钾量分别为156、51、72 kg/hm2,土壤氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的利用率分别为62.5%、30.7%和24.3%。裸地花生试验地块土壤供氮量、供磷量、供钾量分别为99、31、47 kg/hm2,土壤氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的利用率为53.8%、22.6%和20.3%。[结论]地膜花生产量比裸地花生明显提高。     

不同氮磷钾水平对生菜产量及体内养分的影响

采用水培试验，对生菜（Lactuck sativ．crispa）在不同氮、磷、钾水平条件下的产量及其植株氮、磷、钾的质量分数进行了研究．结果表明，氮、磷、钾对提高生菜的产量有明显的作用，在0、1／2、1剂量水平下，随着氮、磷、钾用量的增加，生菜产量也随之显著增加．氮、磷、钾之间存在着相互促进吸收的作用，随着氮素水平的增加，植株中磷和钾的质量分数及植株对磷和钾的吸收量也显著增加；磷素水平的增加也使植株中氮和钾的质量分数和植株对氮和钾的吸收量有所增加；而钾素水平的增加虽然也使植株对氮和磷的吸收量有所增加，但对植株中氮和磷的质量分数影响不大．进一步分析表明，氮、磷、钾三要素中任何一种元素的缺乏都会影响生菜的生长以及对其他养分的吸收和利用，氮、磷的增产效果比钾素明显，生菜对钾素的需求量也相对较低.     

不同施肥处理对糯玉米产量和养分吸收量的影响

2006年在北京市顺义区布置了糯玉米肥料效应试验,研究氮磷钾的不同配比对糯玉米产量和养分吸收的影响,确定当地糯玉米的氮磷钾适宜施用量。采用"3414"部分实施设计,3次重复,完全随机区组设计。试验结果表明,处理3(N1P2K2)纯收入为19594元/hm2,是所有处理组合中最高的,为最佳施肥组合。不同施肥处理对糯玉米籽粒中的养分含量影响不大,但对糯玉米秸秆中的养分含量影响较大。在本试验条件下,氮肥和磷肥的推荐用量应保持在中等水平,而钾肥的增产作用不明显。该地区糯玉米生产的氮、磷肥推荐用量分别为120kg N/hm2和90kg K2O/hm2。     

氮钾配施对夏玉米产量和养分含量动态变化的影响

为给夏玉米合理施肥提供科学依据,采用田间试验和土壤、植物诊断相结合的方法,研究不同氮钾肥配施对夏玉米产量和养分含量动态变化的影响。结果表明:在该地区的高磷土壤上,不施磷肥,合理配施氮钾肥,可以增加玉米产量1.8%-12.4%。其中,穗长增加1.8%-8.2%,穗粗增加1.3%-4.1%,穗粒数增加11.3%-22.5%,百粒重增加1.1%-4.8%。综合玉米产量、穗部性状、叶片以及土壤氮磷钾养分含量分析,在土壤含磷量为35.3 mg/kg时,以N2K2配施效果最好,玉米产量高达11 183.3 kg/hm2。     

Effects of maize-soybean relay intercropping on crop nutrient uptake and soil bacterial community

Maize-soybean relay intercropping is an effective approach to improve the crop yield and nutrient use efficiency, which is widely practiced by farmers in southwest of China. To elucidate the characteristics of different planting patterns on crop nutrient uptake, soil chemical properties, and soil bacteria community in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems, we conducted a field experiment in 2015–2016 with single factor treatments, including monoculture maize(MM), monoculture soybean(MS), maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS), and fallow(CK). The results showed that the N uptake of maize grain increased in IMS compared with MM. Compared with MS, the yield and uptake of N, P, and K of soybean grain were increased by 25.5, 24.4, 9.6, and 22.4% in IMS, respectively, while the N and K uptakes in soybean straw were decreased in IMS. The soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil organic matter contents were significantly higher in IMS than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK. Moreover, the soil protease, soil urease, and soil nitrate reductase activities in IMS were higher than those of the corresponding monocultures and CK. The phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria dominated in all treatments. Shannon's index in IMS was higher than that of the corresponding monocultures and CK. The phylum Proteobacteria proportion was positively correlated with maize soil organic matter and soybean soil total nitrogen content, respectively. These results indicated that the belowground interactions increased the crop nutrient(N and P) uptake and soil bacterial community diversity, both of which contributed to improved soil nutrient management for legume-cereal relay intercropping systems.     

不同用量的自制腐植酸复合肥与油菜利用养分的关系

在土培试验定性选定肥料品种的基础上,采用微区试验研究不同用量的自制腐植酸复合肥与油菜利用养分的关系。结果表明:腐植酸复合肥可促进油菜对N、P、K的吸收,提高N、P的利用率和K的回收率。随施肥量的增大,油菜对N、P、K的吸收增加,无机肥和腐植酸复合肥施肥量均达900kg hm2时,油菜对各养分的吸收最高,再增加施肥逐渐降低。在肥力水平较高的土壤上,再增加施肥,无机肥组中,油菜对各养分的利用均呈下降趋势;在腐植酸复合肥组中,油菜对K的利用呈下降趋势,而对N和P的利用高峰均在施肥量为600kg hm2时,再增加施肥逐渐降低。同时,腐植酸复合肥刺激油菜对养分、水分的吸收和干物质的合成,施肥量在1005kg hm2时,最高产量达69 19t hm2。油菜的后效试验也体现了腐植酸复合肥具有缓释、长效和利用率较高的优势。     

望天树人工林营养元素含量、积累与分配特征研究

对桂西南地区32年生望天树人工林乔木层的N、P、K、Ca、Mg等5种营养元素含量、积累及分配特征进行了研究.结果表明:望天树不同组分中各营养元素含量大致为树叶＞树皮＞树枝＞树根＞树干;树叶中以N含量最高,其他各器官中元素含量均以Ca含量最高,其次是N、P、Mg含量,K含量最小.乔木层5种营养元素累积总量达2 451.65 kg/hm2,各元素积累量表现为Ca＞N＞Mg＞P＞K,乔木层不同组分营养元素积累量表现为树干＞树皮＞树叶＞枝枝＞树根;5种营养元素年净累积量达76.61 kg/hm2.乔木层每积累1t干物质需要5种营养元素总量为7.12 kg,其中对Ca的需求量最大,其次是N、Mg,对P、K的需求最小.林下灌木层、草本层及凋落物层N、P、K元素平均含量稍高于乔木层,3种元素总积累量分别为7.69、13.58、64.89 kg/hm2.     

钾营养对棉花养分吸收和干物质累积的影响

 在河北省缺钾的潮土上进行的田间试验表明，施用钾肥促进棉花对养分的吸收和干物质积累。施钾棉株在初花期（出苗后68-85天）出现养分和干物质累积高峰，在此期间养分的吸收和干物质累积量分别占全生育期总量的33.2%和33.6%。不施钾棉株在同期间的养分吸收和干物质累积量占总量的22.5%和23.4%，没有出现明显的高峰，盛花期以后出现早衰。施钾提高棉株的钾素浓度，没有发生细胞发育和外部形态的不正常变化。在当地的土壤和栽培条件下，每亩施用3-9千克K#-2O，平均每千克K#-(2)O增产籽棉7.46千克。     

望天树人工林营养元素含量、积累与分配特征研究

对桂西南地区32 年生望天树人工林乔木层的N、P、K、Ca、Mg 等5 种营养元素含量、积累及分配特征进行了研究。结果表明：望天树不同组分中各营养元素含量大致为树叶>树皮>树枝>树根>树干;树叶中以N 含量最高,其他各器官中元素含量均以Ca 含量最高,其次是N、P、Mg 含量,K 含量最小。乔木层5 种营养元素累积总量达2 451.65 kg/hm2,各元素积累量表现为Ca>N>Mg>P>K,乔木层不同组分营养元素积累量表现为树干>树皮>树叶>枝枝>树根;5 种营养元素年净累积量达76.61 kg/hm2。乔木层每积累1 t干物质需要5种营养元素总量为7.12 kg,其中对Ca 的需求量最大,其次是N、Mg,对P、K 的需求最小。林下灌木层、草本层及凋落物层N、P、K 元素平均含量稍高于乔木层,3 种元素总积累量分别为7.69、13.58、64.89 kg/hm2。     

油菜与杂草生物量和养分竞争对氮磷钾肥用量的响应

【目的】杂草是限制油菜丰产的重要因素之一,养分的合理管理对杂草防控起到关键作用。本研究在大田条件下,探究氮、磷、钾肥施用量对油菜与杂草生物量及养分竞争的影响,为生态控草和农业可持续发展提供依据。【方法】在湖北省武穴市开展田间试验,采用单因素试验设计,设置氮(0、90、180和270 kg N·hm^-2,分别用N0、N1、N2和N3表示)、磷(0、45、90和135 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2,分别用P0、P1、P2和P3表示)、钾(0、60、120和180 kg K₂O·hm^-2,分别用K0、K1、K2和K3表示)各4个不同用量梯度田间试验。在油菜成熟期,测定油菜籽产量、油菜和杂草的生物量及相应的养分含量,计算养分积累量,分析油菜与杂草的养分竞争关系及其对肥料用量的响应。【结果】施肥显著提高油菜籽产量、地上部总生物量和相应的养分积累量,在氮、磷、钾3种养分中,油菜生长和养分吸收对缺磷最敏感。N0、P0和K0处理的油菜籽产量分别为560、227和1 490 k...     

施肥对高粱生长、干物质积累与养分吸收分配的影响

以晋杂12号高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)为试验材料,采用"3414"试验设计研究了不同N,P,K施用量对高粱生长、干物质积累与养分吸收分配的影响。结果表明,在不施用N,P,K(基础地力)时,高粱根系和地上部生长及产量均较低,施用任意2种养分均会明显促进高粱生长;对N,P,K这3因素中任2因素设计最佳施用量时,施P肥具有较好的增产效果,施K肥没有增产效果。高粱干物质积累主要集中在拔节到抽穗期,成熟期干物质积累量达到最大,施肥高粱在不同生育时期干物质积累均高于对照,成熟期全株干物质积累量比对照增加19.77%。高粱干物质分配主要在茎叶部分,施肥对干物质分配比例没有显著影响。高粱N,P,K养分吸收量和分配比例最大的是K,其次是N,最低的是P。不同生育期高粱N,P,K养分吸收量和分配比例表现不同,N,P,K养分主要分配在茎叶上,穗部中养分分配比例大小为P>N>K。在施肥条件下,成熟期高粱N,P2O5,K2O养分吸收比例为1∶0.32∶2.22。施肥高粱在不同生育期对N,P,K的吸收比例与对照相似。