Quality of Ethiopian Durum Wheat Lines in Two Diverse Environments

In Ethiopia, durum wheat is largely used for production of local fermented and flat bread. Two diverse environments (Motta and Adet) were used to evaluate 15 durum wheat genotypes for grain yield and quality traits. The mean flour protein content of genotypes ranged from 10.1 % to 12.5 % and 6.7 % to 8.1 % at Motta and Adet respectively. The mean mixograph development time was 4 min at Motta and 2.8 min at Adet and SDS (Sodium dodecyl sulphate) sedimentation ranged between 10.7 and 32.3 ml across locations. Flour protein content was correlated negatively with mixograph development time and positively with vitreous kernels and single‐kernel hardness at both environments. Mixograph development time was selected to predict the gluten strength. Flour protein content, SDS sedimentation and seed weight were included in a stepwise regression. A prediction model was compiled that explained 69 % of the variation for mixograph development time.     

Genotypic and temperature effects on wheat grain yield and quality in a hot irrigated environment

High temperature influences both grain yield and end‐use quality of wheat. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of selected wheat genotypes under heat stress and to examine the effects of high temperatures during grain filling on grain yield and end‐use quality parameters. Fifteen bread wheat genotypes in 2000/2001 and 18 genotypes in 2002/2003 were evaluated under the optimum and late‐sowing conditions of the irrigated hot environment of the Gezira Research Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan. The genotypes comprised released varieties and elite lines from the Sudanese wheat improvement programme. Data collected included grain yield, grain weight and grain end‐use quality including protein content, protein composition, SDS sedimentation values (SDSS) and gluten strength as determined by mixograph analyses. High temperatures significantly decreased grain yield by decreasing grain weight. Although genotypes exhibited variation in magnitude of response, results indicated that high temperature during grain filling increased both soluble and insoluble protein contents, SDSS, mixograph peak height (MPH) and the descending slope at 2 min past peak (MDS). In contrast, mixograph peak time (MPT) and the curve width at 2 min past peak (MCW) were significantly decreased. Flour protein correlated positively with SDSS, MPH and MDS and negatively with MCW. MPT correlated negatively with MDS and positively with MCW. Results indicate that high temperature increased both soluble and insoluble protein contents, SDSS and MPH, and hence the gluten strength, but decreased flour mixing time and tolerance and hence the dough elasticity. Variation observed among genotypes suggests that grain end‐use quality could be improved under high temperature conditions utilizing the available variability; however, it might require evaluation under various growing conditions.     

Effects of the 1B/1R translocation in wheat on composition and properties of grain and flour

Summary Near-isoline pairs of 1B-1R translocation lines and their parents were compared for protein, hardness, SDS sedimentation, Falling number, pentosan content and flour yield. Comparisons in mixograph characteristics and dough stickiness were made on the flour. The 1B/1R lines were higher in protein than their 1B near isolines. There were no significant differences in hardness, Falling number and pentosan content. 1B/1R wheats produced statistically significant lower SDS sedimentation values. There were no significant differences in milling performance, mixograph characteristics and dough stickiness.     

Breeding durum wheat for pasta quality in Canada

Canada was the largest durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum) producer in 1994, and in recent years supplied over 70% of world export trade in durum. Breeding for pasta quality is, therefore, a primary objective in Canadian durum breeding programs. Control of cultivar registration and stringent grading standards ensure that durum of consistent high quality is produced for domestic and export markets. The objectives of breeding programs include: improvement of traits related to production concerns, such as grain yield, disease resistance and sprouting resistance, and those related to end-use quality, such as protein concentration and quality; milling quality factors, such as semolina yield; colour of the wheat, semolina and pasta; and cooking quality. Selection and testing for quality begins at very early generations and becomes more stringent for advanced inbred lines. Selection is practised at the F₁ or F₂, where appropriate, using monoclonal antibodies to identify desirable gamma gliadins (γ-45 ) or low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW 2) that have been shown to be related to end-use quality. Grain from early generation yield trials, starting at F₄, is screened for protein concentration and pigment content by Near Infrared reflectance, and for gluten strength by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation and micro-mixograph. Promising lines entered into multi-location yield trials are screened with more time-consuming procedures to fully assess suitability for pasta processing. These tests include semolina yield, ash and colour, and predictions of gluten strength such as mixograph and alveograph, and cooking quality. Candidate cultivars with quality equal to or better than the mean of the check cultivars can be proposed for registration after three years in the Durum Cooperative Test. It takes approximately 10 years from performing a cross to registrating a new cultivar. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦面团流变学特性与馒头品质分析

测试小麦面团流变学特性具有重要意义。测试的主要方法有基础法和经验法两种。测试仪器主要有粉质仪、拉伸仪、揉混仪、吹泡示功仪、质构仪等。粉质仪主要测定的指标有面粉吸水率、面团形成时间、面团稳定性、弱化度和粉质质量指数等。拉伸仪主要测定的指标有面团抗延伸性、延伸性、拉伸面积、拉伸比例等。揉混仪主要测定的指标有抗揉混阻力、最佳揉和时间、搅拌耐力、烘焙估计吸水值等。吹泡示功仪可以得到面团的韧性、延伸性和烘焙力等信息。质构仪可获得对面团流变特性最大拉伸阻力、拉伸比、面团粘性、面团强度等参数的测试结果。     

Grain quality and yield characteristics of D-genome disomic substitution lines in 'Langdon' (Triticum turgidum var. durum)

Sets of D-genome disomic substitution lines of ‘Langdon’ (Triticum turgidum var. durum) were used to study the effect of chromosome substitutions on grain yield and flour technological properties. In general, the substitution of any D-genome chromosome had a detrimental effect on grain yield and growth vigour (some lines were sterile). SDS-sedimentation, SE-HPLC and two-gram mixograph procedures were used to measure dough strength of the lines studied. Significant correlations were observed between protein concentration and grain yield and other quality parameters such as SDS-sedimentation value, the proportion of glutenin, dough mix time and peak resistance. Most of the quality characters were highly correlated with each other. Substitution of chromosomes 1D, 5D, 2D and 7D resulted in positive responses to SDS-sedimentation values, but only chromosome 1D had positive effects on the proportion of peak 1 (P₁%), measured by SE-HPLC. Besides the major influence of chromosome 1D on three major mixograph parameters (mixing time, peak resistance and resistance breakdown), chromosome 5D also exhibited significant effects on these mixing parameters. Principal-component analysis showed that the predominant effect on durum-wheat rheological properties was from chromosome 1D, whereas chromosome 5D had a major effect on grain hardness (50%) and increased the whiteness of the flour.     

The effect of indirect tests for grain quality on the grain yield and industrial quality of bread wheat

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of selection using three indirect tests for grain quality on grain yield and dough, and baking properties, measured as alveograph strength, alveograph tenacity/extensibility ratio and loaf volume. The three tests were flour protein content, flour sedimentation and high molecular weight glutenin subunits. Of the indirect tests used for grain quality, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)‐sedimentation allowed the highest intensity of selection for a combined trait index of the target grain quality and grain yield characteristics. The top 48% of the material could be retained on the basis of SDS‐sedimentation, resulting in retention of atleast two‐thirds of the top 10% of genotypes for the combined trait index. Flour protein percentage, a weighted high molecular weight glutenin index and an index combining all the indirect tests—flour protein, SDS‐sedimentation and high molecular weight glutenins—gave selection intensities of 61%, 64% and 55%, respectively, for the combined trait index. If the objective of selection is dough strength alone, then a weighted index of all indirect traits (flour protein, SDS‐sedimentation and high molecular weight glutenins) provided the highest selection intensity (26%). Other selection intensities for individual target traits were 24% for the prediction of loaf volume from flour protein, 40% for the prediction of tenacity/ extensibility ratio using SDS‐sedimentation and 68% for the prediction of grain yield using SDS‐sedimentation.     

Influence of high molecular weight glutenin subunit substitution on rheological behaviour and bread-baking quality of near-isogenic lines developed from Chinese wheats

Three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat involving Glu‐B1 and Glu‐D1 alleles were used to study the genetic contribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) to gluten strength. The HMW‐GS composition of each NILs was determined by SDS‐PAGE. No significant differences were found in grain protein contents among the NILs. Gluten strength and dough‐mixing properties were measured by the Farinograph, the Extensograph, and SDS‐sedimentation (SDS‐SE). Results indicated that line 2, containing the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10 combination of subunits, had higher values for flour quality, dough rheological parameters, and bread‐baking quality when compared with lines 8 and 13. Line 8, containing Glu‐1B 7 + 9 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10, was better than line 13 with the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 10 combination. Some major parameters appeared significantly different. The presence of Glu‐1B 14 + 15 was associated with higher dough strength based on SDS‐SE volume and several rheological parameters when compared with Glu‐1B 7 + 9. Lines with subunit 10 at Glu‐D1 performed significantly worse than those with 5 + 10 in gluten index, SDS‐SE volume, Farinograph stability time, Extensograph area and bread‐baking quality.     

Pan bread and dry white Chinese noodle quality in Chinese winter wheats

Improvements in pan bread quality and Chinese dry white noodle (DWCN) quality are the major breeding objectives in the north China winter wheat region. Eighty-one wheat cultivars and advanced lines were sown in two locations in the 2000–2001 season to evaluate the quality of winter wheat germplasm and investigate the association between pan bread quality and DWCN quality. Significant variability was observed for grain, pan bread, and DWCN quality attributes. Six cultivars and lines showed very good pan bread quality, 23 showed excellent DWCN quality in both locations, and the cultivars Yumai 34 and Sunstate showed superior quality for both food products. Protein content and grain hardness were significantly associated with pan bread quality, while the gluten quality-related parameters SDS-sedimentation value, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph maximum resistance, were significantly associated with pan bread quality score, and accounted for 59.3–72.3% of its variation. Yellow colour (b, CIE Lab) showed a strong negative association with pan bread and DWCN quality largely due to the strong and negative association between yellow colour and gluten strength parameters in this germplasm pool. Flour ash content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) had a negative moderate effect on noodle colour, while protein content and grain hardness were negatively associated with noodle colour, appearance, and smoothness. The association between SDS-sedimentation volume, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph maximum resistance and DWCN score fitted a quadratic regression model, accounting for 31.0%, 39.0%, and 47.0% of the DWCN score, respectively. The starch pasting parameters, peak viscosity and paste breakdown, contributed positively to DWCN quality, with r = 0.57 and 0.55, respectively. Quality requirements for pan bread and DWCN differ in colour, gluten strength, and pasting viscosity. It is suggested that PPO, yellow pigment, SDS sedimentation volume, and peak viscosity are parameters that could be used to screen for DWCN quality in the early generations of a wheat-breeding program.     

Glu-1位点缺失对小麦麦谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布及面团特性的影响

以Glu-1位点正常和部分缺失的小麦品系为材料,探讨HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成与谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性的关系,为利用HMW-GS缺失系改良小麦品质提供理论依据。在20个供试硬白冬麦品系中,1个品系为Glu-A1位点缺失,5个品系为Glu-D1缺失,3个品系为Glu-A1和Glu-D1双缺失。所有品系的蛋白质含量皆较高(13.39%~14.12%),品系间无显著差异,缺失系与非缺失系间也无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了高分子量谷蛋白/低分子量谷蛋白比(HMW/LMW)、不溶性谷蛋白大聚体的含量和百分比。谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比(GLU/GLI)在基因型间变幅较小,且在缺失系和非缺失系间无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了面团弹性,但显著提高了面团的延展性。部分Glu-1位点缺失系仍具有较高的面团强度和突出的延展性,谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性受谷蛋白亚基组成和表达量的共同影响。研究结果表明,利用Glu-1位点亚基缺失可能是改善面筋延展性,提高食品加工品质的方法之一。     

普通小麦面筋强度早代选择研究

以优质强筋小麦品种中优9507为母本,与安农91168、高优503、冀5099、晋麦45和鲁麦5号5个筋力不同的品种配制杂交组合,用亲本、F₁、F₂和F_2:3家系研究了SDS沉降值与和面时间的分布,分析了沉降值的遗传力和选择响应。结果表明,组合间F₂、F_2:3沉降值及F_{2:3相似文献}   

Phenotypic correlations, G × E interactions and broad sense heritability analysis of grain and flour quality characteristics in high latitude spring bread wheats from Kazakhstan and Siberia

Grain and flour samples of 42 high latitude spring bread wheat genotypes from Kazakhstan and Siberia evaluated in a multi-location trial were analyzed for grain concentrations of protein, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), as well as flour quality characteristics. The genotypes showed high grain protein concentrations (14–19%), but low dough strength was a common feature for most of them. Significant positive correlations were found between grain protein and flour protein, gluten, gliadin, gli/glu ratio, Zn, and Fe contents. Grain protein was also correlated positively with hardness, sedimentation, farinograph dough development time (DDT), stability time and ash content. Grain Fe concentration was positively associated with sedimentation, stability time, water absorption and valorimeter value, suggesting that improvements in micronutrient concentrations in the grain parallels enhancement in gluten strength. Interestingly, glutenin content correlated negatively with the concentrations of grain and flour protein, gluten, and minerals; and also with gluten deformation index (IDK), DDT, and stability time. Conversely, gliadin content showed strong positive correlations with the concentrations of grain and flour protein, gluten, and minerals. Gliadin also correlated positively, but in lesser magnitude, with DDT, stability time and IDK. Environment and G×E interaction were important sources of variation for some quality characteristics. This was reflected in the low broad sense heritability (H) values for traits related to flour strength, such as sedimentation, IDK, stability time and gliadin content. Breeding strategies, including three testing locations at the advanced selection stages, are adequate for the enhancement of most of the quality traits, but faster improvement in flour strength could be achieved with a larger number of locations.     

济麦20面团流变学特性和面包加工品质稳定性及与蛋白质组分的关系分析

以优质强筋小麦新品种济麦20在2005—2006年度山东省及天津24个地点的样品为材料,分析了磨粉品质、面团流变学特性和面包品质,并用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）和凝胶色谱法（SE-HPLC）对其贮藏蛋白组分进行了量化。结果表明,济麦20的多数品质指标较稳定,面包品质较好,体积较大,仅籽粒硬度、形成时间、稳定时间和面包颈高的变异系数较大。容重、蛋白质含量和籽粒硬度是影响面团流变学特性和面包加工品质变异的重要因素,籽粒硬度与拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力的相关系数分别为0.53（P<0.01）和0.47（P<0.05）,籽粒蛋白质含量与吸水率、形成时间和延伸性的相关系数分别为0.46（P<0.05）、0.71（P<0.001）和0.77（P<0.001）。容重和籽粒硬度与面包总分极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.62（P<0.01）和0.50（P<0.05）;籽粒蛋白质含量与面包体积极显著正相关（r=0.55,P<0.01）。贮藏蛋白组分含量显著影响面团流变学特性,谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、SDS可溶性谷蛋白聚合体、HMW-GS以及LMW-GS含量与面团形成时间和延伸性极显著正相关（r=0.55~0.79,P<0.01或P<0.001）,高分子量与低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量比例（HMW/LMW）与面团延伸性呈显著正相关（r=0.46,P<0.05）。HMW-GS含量和HMW/LMW与面包体积均极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.66和0.64（P<0.001）,SDS不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量与面包结构和总分极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.53（P<0.01）和0.48（P<0.05）。上述信息对理解和改良小麦品质的稳定性有重要意义。     

Mixolab参数与粉质、拉伸参数及面包烘烤品质的关系

根据仪器测定的面粉品质特性预测面包烘烤品质是进行小麦品质改良的重要方法。法国肖邦公司(Chopin Technologies, France)最新推出的Mixolab分析仪可以同时测定面粉加水后恒温揉混及面团升温后蛋白质弱化和淀粉糊化特性,明确其与现有相似仪器如粉质仪和拉伸仪等的关系对小麦品质测试具有重要意义。利用 Mixolab分析仪、粉质仪、拉伸仪测定了41份高代育种品系的有关参数和面包烘烤品质,并分析了Mixolab与粉质仪和拉伸仪相关参数的关系及预测面包品质的可靠性。结果表明,可以用Mixolab的形成时间、稳定时间、面团受热后蛋白质弱化值(C2值)和到达淀粉糊化反弹值的时间(C4时间)来预测粉质仪和拉伸仪的品质参数,可解释其变异的74%~90%;可以直接用C2值预测面包体积、外观、结构和总分,决定系数分别为52%、73%、70%和68%;预测面包质地和弹性的参数不仅包含Mixolab稳定时间和C2值,还有表示淀粉糊化特性的C3时间、C4和C5值及C5温度。用Mixolab分析仪既可以了解蛋白质特性和面包烘烤品质的关系,又明确了淀粉品质对面包品质的显著影响,在品质测试中有其独特之处。Mixolab、粉质仪和拉伸仪各参数对预测小麦面包体积、内部质地结构等烘烤品质性状的贡献不同。     

Milling quality and protein properties of autumn-sown Chinese wheats evaluated through multi-location trials

Eight milling quality and protein properties of autumn-sown Chinese wheats were investigated using 59 cultivars and advanced lines grown in 14 locations in China from 1995 to 1998. Wide ranges of variability for all traits were observed across genotypes and locations. Genotype, location, year, and their interactions all significantly influenced most of the quality parameters. Kernel hardness, Zeleny sedimentation value, and mixograph development time were predominantly influenced by the effects of genotype. Genotype, location and genotype × location interaction were all important sources of variation for thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content, and falling number, whereas genotype × location interaction had the largest effect on flour yield. Most of the genotypes were characterized by weak gluten strength with Zeleny sedimentation values less than 40 ml and mixograph development time shorter than 3 min. Eight groups of genotypes were recognized based on the average quality performance, grain hardness and gluten strength were the two parameters that determined the grouping, with contributions from protein content. Genotypes such as Zhongyou 16 and Annong 8903 displayed good milling quality, high grain hardness, protein content and strong gluten strength with high sedimentation value and long mixograph development time. Genotypes such as Lumai 15 and Yumai 18 were characterized by low grain hardness, protein content and weak gluten strength. Genotypes such as Yannong 15 and Chuanmai 24 were characterized by strong gluten strength with high sedimentation value and long mixograph development time, but low grain hardness and protein content lower than 12.3%. Genotypes such as Jingdong 6 and Xi’an 8 had weak gluten strength, but with high grain hardness and protein content higher than 12.2%. Five groups of locations were identified, and protein content and gluten strength were the two parameters that determined the grouping. Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Nanyang, Zhumadian and Nanjing produced wheats with medium to strong gluten strength and medium protein content, although there was still a large variation for most of the traits investigated between the locations. Wheat produced in Yantai was characterized by strong gluten strength, but with low protein content. Jinan, Anyang and Linfen locations produced wheats with medium to weak gluten strength and medium to high protein content. Wheats produced in Yangling, Zhenzhou, and Chengdu were characterized by weak gluten strength with medium to low protein content, whereas wheats produced in Xuzhou and Wuhan were characterized by weak gluten strength with low protein content. Industrial grain quality could be substantially improved through integrating knowledge of geographic genotype distribution with key location variables that affected end-use quality.     

基因型、地点及其互作对内蒙古小麦主要品质性状的影响

选用来自我国春播麦区高、中、低3种筋力类型的9个品种, 于2003和2004年分别种植在内蒙古6个代表性地点, 研究了不同品种在年份和地点间籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、和面仪参数和淀粉糊化特性等主要品质性状的变化规律。结果表明, 所测品质性状受基因型和地点效应的影响均达极显著水平, 除籽粒蛋白质含量外, 其他品质性状受基因型和地点互作效应的影响达显著或极显著水平。强筋类品种的蛋白质含量、灰分含量、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性和峰值黏度均较高, 出粉率和稀澥值中等。中筋类品种出粉率、和面时间和耐揉性较高, 灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。弱筋类品种的灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较高, 籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、出粉率、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性低。所有品种品质性状在地点间存在较大差异, 乌海市灰分含量、和面时间和耐揉性高, 籽粒硬度、沉降值、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。杭锦后旗出粉率高, 蛋白含量和沉降值较低, 其他性状表现中等。呼和浩特市籽粒硬度、蛋白含量、面粉灰分、沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性高, 出粉率、峰值黏度和稀澥值低。赤峰市多数性状表现中等。通辽市籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、峰值黏度、稀澥值和耐揉性较高, 其他性状表现中等。额尔古纳市蛋白含量和沉降值较高, 和面时间和耐揉性低。初步认为强筋和中筋类品种较适于种植在呼和浩特市与乌海市, 不适于种植在额尔古纳市; 2个弱筋类品种在6个地点均不太适宜种植。     

Glu-B1位点亚基色谱鉴定及7OE对面团强度的影响

准确鉴定高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)及探讨其对面团特性的影响是小麦品质研究的重要内容。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)对62份品种(系)的HMW-GS组成进行鉴定。结果表明,结合SDS-PAGE和RP-HPLC两种方法可以对Glu-B1位点,尤其是Glu-B1(7 8)进行有效鉴定。选用13份姊妹系为材料,使用RP-HPLC和凝胶色谱(SE-HPLC)方法,研究了Glu-B1al(7OE 8*)以及贮藏蛋白组分含量对面团强度的影响。结果表明,Glu-B1al(7OE 8*)可显著提高HWM-GS总量和面团强度,7OE可作为优质亚基用于强筋小麦育种。相关性分析表明,谷蛋白总量、HWM-GS、LMW-GS以及x-HMW含量与最大抗阻力呈1%显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.76、0.76、0.77和0.72。SDS-不溶性谷蛋白大聚体(UPP)占谷蛋白聚合体总量的百分比与揉面仪峰值时间、粉质仪形成时间和稳定时间以及最大抗阻呈1%或0.1%显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.77、0.90、0.89和0.87。醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量的比值与揉面仪峰值时间呈1%显著负相关,相关系数为-0.69;与粉质仪稳定时间和最大抗阻呈5%显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.58和-0.64。HPLC可有效分离和量化HWM-GS,并作为小麦品质育种有效的辅助手段。     

Effects of the 6VS.6AL translocation on agronomic traits and dough properties of wheat

Nineteen common wheat cultivars and advanced lines carrying a 6VS.6AL translocation and five parents were sown at two locations in Jiangsu in 2004–05 season to assess the effects of the translocation on grain yield and dough properties. In general, there were no significant differences between 6VS.6AL lines and their recurrent parents in agronomic, mixograph and starch pasting traits, including grain yield, grains/spike, grain weight/spike, mixing time and peak viscosity. 6VS.6AL lines showed slightly but significantly higher thousand-kernel weight and plant height, and small negative effects on test weight, flour yield and flour colour. However, significant variation occurred for all traits among sister lines from the same cross, indicating that additional selection could lead to further improvement. It was concluded that the 6VS.6AL translocation can be used in wheat breeding programs as a donor of resistance to powdery mildew with no obvious undesirable effects on agronomic and quality traits.     

Baking quality of hard winter wheat: Response of cultivars to environment in the Great Plains

Inconsistency of wheat end-use quality has long been a problem for the milling and baking industries, which require high levels of uniformity for modern, high speed, processing. Extensive research was conducted to characterise genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors that contribute to variation in wheat quality. Samples from 17 locations of trials with 30 cultivars grown over two years were evaluated for grain quality, milling yield, mixograph parameters and baking properties. Protein quality and composition of flour samples were determined by SDS sedimentation and size-exclusion chromatography. Test sites were monitored for soil fertility, and meteorological data was collected hourly during grain fill. Additional grain samples and data were collected from six cultivars grown at 11 locations in 1993. Significant variation in end-use quality was observed among samples; variation was attributed to environmental effects, genotype, and their interactions. For many mixograph and baking parameters, variation attributed to environmental effects was of greater magnitude than for genotype. Increasing levels of low molecular weight (LMW) saline soluble proteins were related to a general decline in dough mixing properties and loaf characteristics. However, correlations of protein components with baking parameters were generally low, suggesting limited predictive value. Hours of high temperature stress (>32 °C) during grain fill were associated with loaf volume and SDS sedimentation volume, although in a curvilinear fashion. Increasing temperature stress initially had a positive influence on loaf volume and protein quality; however, when temperature stress exceeded 90 hours, there was a strong negative influence on baking quality. Variation among cultivars for environmental stability was indicated and cultivar responses to temperature stress varied. Relationships with meteorological data suggest opportunities to predict wheat end-use quality through environmental modelling. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

四川近十年小麦主栽品种的品质状况

近20年来,品质改良是西南冬麦区小麦育种的主要目标之一。本研究目的是了解四川省小麦主栽品种的品质现状,尤其是评价近年新育成的人工合成小麦(SHW)衍生品种的品质表现和育种价值。2011-2013连续3年,选择近10年审定并广泛应用于生产的10个代表性品种进行多环境试验,测定籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、降落值、出粉率、籽粒发芽指数,以及粉质仪和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)参数。所测品质参数均存在显著的基因型、环境和二者互作效应,其中反映蛋白质数量和质量的多数性状环境效应大于基因型效应,而反映淀粉质量的降落值和RVA参数则基因型效应更大。参试品种蛋白质含量11.7%~14.0%,湿面筋含量22.0%~29.3%,沉淀值21.4~35.1mL,降落值147~363s,面团稳定时间1.7~12.1min,峰值黏度1056~2670 cP。SHW衍生品种中川麦104总体表现优异,其平均沉淀值30.3 mL,降落值325 s,面团稳定时间9.8 min,最终黏度2796 cP;而绵麦367品质较差,上述指标分别为24.6 mL、147 s、2.2 min和827 cP。参试品种的平均生理成熟期籽粒发芽指数为0.31,变幅0.06~0.76,品种之间差异显著,其中以川麦104最低。本研究表明,西南冬麦区小麦品种品质改良潜力较大,川麦104可作为协同改良产量和品质的育种亲本。