建立相似林分样木因子回归模型推算采伐木蓄积

在安化县杉木人工林相似林分内设立样地,测量样地对角线上26株林木的地径、胸径和树高,用Excel软件建立地径与胸径、胸径与树高的回归模型,再测量采伐木地径,用回归模型预测采伐木的胸径和树高,推算采伐木蓄积量。同时,采用地径一元立木材积表法测算林木蓄积量,并与采伐作业设计的二元立木材积表法测算的林木蓄积量相比较。结果表明:采用建立相似林分样木因子回归模型推算采伐木蓄积量方法接近采伐作业设计的蓄积量。     

Allometric equations from a non-destructive approach for biomass prediction in natural forest and plantation in West Africa

Allometric equations are required for a rapid estimation of commercial timber volume and forest biomass stocks. In order to preserve the forest ecosystem, this study applied a non-destructive sampling approach to measure biophysical properties of living trees. From these measurements, volume and biomass models were developed for 11 dominant tree species in a semi-deciduous natural forest and for Acacia auriculiformis in a plantation located in southern Benin. The observations were combined to develop also generic models applicable to non-dominant tree species. Wood samples of the tree species were collected with an increment borer and analysed in the laboratory to determine species-specific wood densities. The sample size was composed of 243 trees in natural forest and 21 trees in plantation. The measurements were conducted in 30 plots of 50 m × 50 m. The graphical assessment of correlation between model outputs (biomass and volume) and variables (diameter and height) and the statistical analysis confirmed that the logarithmic model with two variables had the best predictions. The assessment also confirmed that the model using diameter only as a variable had good predictions when observations on height were unavailable. The comparative analysis of model predictions showed that the generic model in this study over-estimated biomass by up to 74.80% for certain species and under-estimated biomass by 21.18% for other species. The study shows that there are no statistically significant differences between the wood densities in this research and that published in previous studies.     

米老排林分生长规律及生物量分布格局研究

通过选定同乐林场米老排林分作为研究对象,采用样地调查与解析木对该树种进行生长特性研究。结果表明:0~6年是米老排幼林生长的阶段,树高、胸径生长均较为旺盛,6~12年材积与胸径生长迅速,而树高生长速度呈现下降趋势,12~16年是米老排生长树高、胸径、材积这三个指标的速生时期,28年以后树高生长速度逐渐下降,材积与胸径生长还呈现上升趋势。米老排的单株和林分生物量排序为干枝根皮叶。     

An allometric equation for estimating stem biomass of Acacia auriculiformis in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh

Tree biomass plays an important role in sustainable management and in estimating forest carbon stocks. The objective of this study was to select the best model for measuring stem biomass of Acacia auriculiformis in the study area. Data from five hillocks and 120 individual trees from each hillock were used in this study. Twelve different forms of linear, power and exponential equations were compared in this study to select the best model. Two models (VI and XI) were selected based on R ², adjusted R ², the Akaike information criterion, F-statistics and the five assumptions of linear regression. Model VI was discarded based on the Durbin-Watson value of autocorrelation of the residuals, then the ARIMA (2, 0, 1) model was used to remove the autocorrelation from the model and the final bias-corrected model XI was derived. The model was validated with a test data set having the same range of DBH and stem height of the training data set on the basis of linear regression, Morisita's similarity index, and t-test for mean difference between predicted and expected biomass. A comparison between the best logarithmic and non-linear allometric model shows that the non-linear model produces systematic biases and overestimates stem biomass for larger trees. The overall results showed that the bias-corrected logarithmic model XI can be used efficiently for estimating stem biomass of A. auriculiformis in the northeastern region of Bangladesh.     

GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS FOR DAHURIAN LARCH PLANTATIONS

Growth and yield models were developed for individual tress and stands based on336 temporary plots with 405 stem analysis trees of dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Rupr.)plantations throughout Daxing’anling mountains.Several equations were selected using nonlinearregression analysis.Results showed that the Richards equation was the best model for estimatingtree height,stand mean helght and stand dominant height from age; The Power equation was thebest model for prediction tree volume from DBH and tree height; The logarithmic stand volumeequation was good for predicting stand volume from age,mean height,basal area and other standvariables.These models can be used to construct the volume table, the site index table and other for-estry tables for dahurian larch plantations.     

Integrated individual tree biomass simultaneous equations for two larch species in northeastern and northern China

Forest biomass estimation at large scale has become an important topic in the background of facing global climate change, and it is fundamental to develop individual tree biomass equations suitable for large-scale estimation. Based on the measured data of biomass components and stem volume from 100 sample trees of two larch species (Larix gmelinii and L. principis-rupprechtii) in northeastern and northern China, an integrated equation system including individual tree biomass equations, stem volume equation and height–diameter regression model were constructed using the dummy variable model and error-in-variable simultaneous equations. In the system, all the parameters of equations were estimated simultaneously, so that the aboveground biomass equation was compatible to stem volume equation and biomass conversion factor (B_CF) function; the belowground biomass equation was compatible to root-to-shoot ratio (R_SR) function; and stem wood, stem bark, branch and foliage biomass equations were additive to aboveground biomass equation. In addition, the system also ensured the compatibility between one- and two-variable models. The results showed that: (1) whether aboveground biomass equations or belowground biomass equations and stem volume equations, the estimates for larch in northeastern China were greater than those in northern China; (2) B_CF of a larch tree decreased with the growing diameter while R_SR increased with the growing diameter; (3) the proportion of stem wood biomass to aboveground biomass increased with the growing diameter while those of stem bark, branch, and foliage biomass decreased.     

Growth and yield models for Dahurian larch plantations

IntroductionDahurianlarch(L8risgmeliniiRupr.)isoneofthemostimportanttimberspeciesinChina.AsaresuItofovercuttingforseveraIdecades,thenaturaIDahurianIarchforestresourcesaredecliningrapidly.PIantationsofdahurianIarchhavebecomeanimportantpartofforestpreserveresourcesinDaxing'anMountains.ConsequentIystudyingthegroWthofDahurianlarchandformingtheforesttabfesareofsignrficancetofor-estproduction.ThispaperpresentsinformationongroWthandyieIdmodeIsofDahurianlarchpIantations.MethodsDataof4O5stema…     

燕山山地华北落叶松单株生物量与生产力研究

根据对33株华北落叶松标准木的生物量实测资料,对林木单株与器官生物量分配情况进行了探讨,建立了以胸径、树高为自变量的生物量预测模型;提出了在幼树期（树龄7-15a或胸径1．7-6．6cm）根茎比平均值为0．159,幼树期以后（当树龄超过15a或胸径大于6．6cm时）根冠比平均值为0．236,建立了以林龄、胸径为自变量的根冠比预测模型;以去皮材积一生物量模型为基础进行解析木的生产力模拟,多年平均生产力变化在211．258-4512．804g／a,16a以后进入速生期,到49a时年生产力水平仍很高,建议生产上主伐林龄应推迟到50a以后。     

毛红椿天然林生长特性研究

分析毛红椿树高、胸径、材积生长特性,提出树高、胸径、材积生长规律和数量成熟年龄,为人工培育毛红椿大径材提供依据。     

林木竞争对臭冷杉生物量分配的影响

用不同高度树干直径建立并比较臭冷杉各器官生物量方程,分析林木竞争对臭冷杉地上、地下生物量分配的影响。结果表明:臭冷杉不同高度树干直径中,胸径是预测各器官生物量的最可靠变量;利用不同高度树干直径建立各器官生物量方程均会高估小个体样木(直径≤10cm)的生物量,并且随着直径增大,预测误差也随之增大;臭冷杉地上生物量与地下生物量的比值(T/R)与树木年龄、单株生物量、整株生物量年均生长率及树高年均生长率间均没有显著相关性(P>0.05);随着竞争增强,臭冷杉树干生物量占单株生物量的比例逐渐减小,枝叶生物量比例逐渐增大,而粗根生物量比例则基本保持不变;胸径年均生长率、树高年均生长率及单株生物量年均生长率均随着竞争强度增大逐渐减小,而T/R值并不受林木竞争的影响。     

异速模型评估森林植被生物量有机碳储量

在孟加拉的吉大港南部森林地区,利用异速模型评估森林植被的有机碳的储量.异速模型被分别应用测试树木(被划分两个胸高直径级)、灌木和草本植物.采用基部面积估算胸高直径级为从> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 和> 15 cm树木的生物量有机碳储量模型最好,分别有很高的决定系数(胸高直径级> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 的r2 为0.73697,胸高直径级> 15 cm 的r2为0.87703),且回归系数(P = 0.000)显著.其它模型(包括采用树高,胸高直径,树高和胸高直径,以及综合树高、胸高直径和木材密度)的线性和对数关系都表现出很低的决定系数.分别建立了20种优势树种的异速模型,采用树木基部面积的模型都得到很高的决定系数值.单独采用灌木和草本植物总生物量的异速模型有较高的决定系数(灌木的r2 为0.87948,草本植物的r2 为0.87325),且回归(系数)性显著(P = 0.000).生物量有机碳的评估是复杂的和耗时的研究,本研究所建立的异速模型可以应用于孟加拉和其它热带(地区)国家的森林植被的有机碳储量的测算.     

贵州赤水河流域毛竹林不同径级类型林分结构指标变化

为研究不同径级毛竹林分结构指标变化规律,在贵州省赤水河流域建立了86个调查样地。调查结果表明,在毛竹林部分径级类型的乔木层、灌木层与草本层内,植物形态指标、多样性指数和生物量指标差异显著。随着毛竹林径级增大,毛竹和杂木平均高度增加、密度下降,竹木株数比降低;毛竹和杂木生物量增大,灌木层植物生物量减小,草本层植物和枯落物及总生物量增大,灌木、草本与枯落物生物量比率降低;毛竹林分整齐度和均匀度升高。相对于中、高径级毛竹林,提高低径级毛竹林平均胸径、高度、生物量和降低密度是高产培育的主要目标;伐除老竹、留大笋、砍小竹、蓄竹均匀分布是具体措施。贵州高原山地毛竹林丰产培育适宜竹-木混交,乔-灌-草层植物立体经营。     

北京栓皮栎林分的干形质量初步研究

探讨了划分林木干形质量的标准,将林木干形质量分为通直、轻度弯曲、二杈分枝、多杈分枝和重度弯曲5类干形。选择了胸径、树高、冠幅、冠长等6个因子,并研究了这6个调查因子随干形质量变化的关系。通过方差分析发现不同干形质量的林木胸径差异并不明显,而其它的调查因子却因干形不同而表现出显著差异。对表现显著的林分因子进行多重比较研究,发现通直干形生长得较高、有较小的冠径比;二杈分枝和多杈分枝林木的冠幅较大,且二杈分枝类型林木的高径比最小。可以得出结论:在近自然经营过程中,在选择以材质为目的的目标树时,首先考虑干形通直的林木。     

油松针叶叶量的研究

对油松针叶的年龄结构、针叶量在树冠各轮枝中的分布、针叶叶量与树高、材积生长量的关系,以及修枝对针叶叶量和油松生长量的影响进行了研究,同时应用逐步回归分析方法,在树高、胸径、地径、树龄、冠幅、冠长、冠高比、轮枝数、松枝数、松枝总长度、树高生长量等11个因子中,筛选出与油松针叶叶量关系较密切的树高、胸径、冠幅、冠长、冠高比、松枝数、松枝总长度等7个因子,求出了估测油松针叶叶量的最优回归估测模型,并在林间对此模型进行了估测检验。     

西南桦优树选择技术研究

以胸径、树高、材积为数量评价指标,结合干形、冠高比和分枝粗细形质指标,采用5株优势木对比法开展了西南桦人工林的优树选择技术研究。通过对西南桦人工林10 21年生不同林龄阶段的优树选择标准的总结,提出了优树选择标准,即优树胸径、树高、单株材积分别大于5株对比优势木平均值的9%11%、5%7%、26%31%以上,形质指标综合得分大于7.5,共选择出西南桦优树37株,入选率为33.9%。西南桦优树的选择标准在实际应用中可根据林分状况适当调整,选优即要考虑其生长性状,同时注意材性、抗性的选择以保证西南桦育种群体的遗传多样性。     

I-69杨胶合板用材林产量及生物量结构

采用 2 90块标准地调查资料 ,分析了 I- 6 9杨胶合板用材林的产量和生物量结构随立地指数和造林密度的变化规律。胶合板材产量随立地指数的增大而增大 ,且占总产量的百分比在立地指数为 14、16、18m时 ,随造林密度的增大而减小 ;当立地指数为 2 0 m和 2 2 m时 ,保持稳定在 50 %左右。磨木浆材和化学浆材产量随立地指数和密度的增大而增加。在立地指数为 14、16、18m时磨木浆材产量占总蓄积量的百分比和化学浆材产量占总蓄积的百分比均随造林密度的增大而增大 ;在立地指数为 2 0、2 2 m时则受造林密度的影响不大 ,分别保持在 30 %和 2 0 %左右。林分和单株的树干、树枝、树皮生物量组成比例均随立地指数、造林密度的变化无明显的差异。营造 I- 6 9杨胶合板用材林时选择立地指数 2 0、2 2 m的地段以及用造林密度 156 (8m× 8m)、2 0 4 (7m× 7m )株·hm-2 为最佳。     

杂种落叶松F1代生长性状、木材性状的变异及相关分析

通过对44株日×兴杂种落叶松F1代个体的生长性状、木材性状调查结果进行变异分析发现,杂种群体中的生长指标、材性均存在较大变异,其中材积变异系数达25.69%,管胞长度、宽度变异系数为11.67%、17.5%,管胞长/宽变异系数为19.45%。相关分析结果表明,日×兴F1代群体树高与胸径显著相关,树高、胸径均与材积极显著相关,冠幅与材积显著相关。     

南岭小坑木荷群落地上生物量

森林生物量是评价森林生态系统生产力、研究森林生态系统结构与功能的重要指标,也是深入了解森林生态系统变化规律的重要途径和评估森林碳收支的重要参数(吴仲民等,1998)。亚热带常绿阔叶林是我国面积最大的森林类型,它在世界森林植     

冀北山地华北落叶松人工林与天然次生油松林不同坡位生长状况研究

在冀北木兰围场自然保护区内,通过对比华北落叶松[Larixgmellini（Rupr．）Rupr]人工林与天然次生油松（P／nustabulaeformiscarr）林不同坡位的连年生长量与平均生长量,建立生长过程曲线方程并拟合树高与胸径之间的关系,分析两种林型内乔木树种的生长过程。结果表明：（1）落叶松人工林不同坡位样地内,标准木的拟合生长模型基本相似;材积连年及平均生长速率排序为：坡底落叶松〉坡中落叶松〉坡顶落叶松。（2）天然次生油松林不同坡位样地内材积平均生长量均随着年龄的增长而增加,油松标准木的生长过程基本相同,且标准木的拟合生长模型基本相似。但坡中油松立木材积平均生长量高于坡地和坡顶。（3）相同坡位样地内人工林与天然林间的连年生长曲线存在明显差异性。油松林生理年龄高于落叶松林,标准木达到材积数量成熟的年龄比落叶松大,单株立木材积量较大。（4）人工落叶松林和天然油松次生林内乔木树种的胸径与树高问存在密切的相关性,其相关系数均达到0．9以上。     

Volume equations and biomass estimates for three species in tropicalmoist forest in the Orientale province,Democratic Republic of Congo

Volume equations predict the volume of the stem of a tree from dendrometrical characteristics that are easy to measure, such as diameter and/or height. These equations can serve as a surrogate for biomass equations, by converting the stem volume to stem biomass, and then expanding it to the total aboveground biomass. This is especially important for Central Africa where biomass equations are scarce, whereas volume equations are common. We measured the stem volume of 459 trees in the Yoko forest, Orientale province, Democratic Republic of Congo. These trees belonged to three species: Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (limbali), Guarea thompsonii (bossé foncé) and Scorodophloeus zenkeri (divida). Species-specific volume equations were fitted using these data, and biomass estimates were derived from these volume equations. The fitted volume equations were consistent with other location-specific volume equations for the same species. The biomass estimates derived from the fitted volume equations were also found to be consistent with multispecies pantropical biomass equations.