有机与无机肥料配施对微型结球白菜生长及品质的影响

在施肥总量完全一致的条件下,研究有机、无机肥料不同配比对微型结球白菜生长、产量、产值以及营养品质的综合影响。试验结果表明,单施有机肥或单施无机化肥均比有机、无机肥料混配施用效果差;采用有机∶无机=2∶1处理的综合效果表现最好,其产量、净产值,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量最高,分别为41.946t/hm2、7.93万元/hm2、40.2g/kg、3.8g/kg;粗纤维含量最低(93.4mg/kg),维生素C(274.7mg/kg)、硝酸盐(746.8mg/kg)含量中等。     

商品有机肥与无机肥料配施对白菜养分吸收、钙含量和产量的影响

以白菜为试材,在黑龙江省阿城白菜种植区进行田间试验,比较单施无机肥料(T1)、有机无机肥料配施(T2)、单施有机肥(T3)、石灰和无机肥(T4)、石灰和有机无机肥配施(T5)及石灰和有机肥(T6)处理白菜地上部养分吸收、体内钙含量和产量的变化。结果表明:有机无机肥料配施有利于白菜增产。T5和T2处理白菜产量最高,分别为57.362t/hm2和56.695t/hm2,分别较T6、T3高26.8%和17.0%。同时,有机无机肥配施有利于促进白菜对氮、磷、钾和钙的吸收,收获期白菜体内钙含量与产量线性相关。施用石灰能促进白菜对钙的吸收,从而达到增产的效果。将商品有机肥与无机肥料配施能提高白菜产量和对养分吸收的能力,是简便易行的增产施肥技术。     

有机肥和无机肥配施对小白菜生长和硝酸盐积累的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了有机肥与无机肥配施对小白菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施用有机肥以及有机无机肥料配施能获得与施用化学肥料更高或持平的单株产量;与单施化学肥料相比,施用有机肥以及有机无机肥料配施小白菜硝酸盐降低了36.4%～67.6%,增加了小白菜可溶性蛋白质、Vc及可溶性糖含量,提高了品质.     

有机无机复混肥料在番茄上的使用效果研究

研究了有机无机复混肥在番茄上的应用效果。研究结果表明,施用有机无机复混肥能显著改善番茄的农艺性状,提高单株坐果数、坐果率和单果质量,提高番茄的产量。施用有机无机复混肥料1200 kg/hm2处理比施用同等数量无机复混肥料处理CK2增产7725 kg/hm2,增产率达10.4%,同时可提高番茄的维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比。有机无机复混肥料的适宜施用量为1200 kg/hm2。     

不同氮、钾供肥量对厚皮甜瓜产量和品质的影响

研究了富磷土壤条件下不同氮、钾供肥量对厚皮甜瓜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:在富磷条件下,随供氮量的增加,厚皮甜瓜第一雌花发育时间和果实成熟期相应延迟;供氮量低于393.8 kg/hm2时,增加供氮量可提高产量、增加单果重、Vc含量和蛋白质含量;供氮量超过330.1 kg/hm2时,总糖含量会随着供氮量的增加而降低,硝酸盐含量随之显著增加.供钾量的增加会使厚皮甜瓜第一雌花发育时间和果实成熟期缩短,供钾量在634.9 kg/hm2以下时,随着供钾量的增加单果重、产量增加,硝酸盐含量则随之降低.供氮量在393.8 kg/hm2以下时,蛋白质含量随着供钾量的增加而增加.从产量和品质方面综合分析,供氮量为393.8 kg/hm2,供钾量为611.9 kg/hm2时综合效果最好,产量可达45 663.5 kg/hm2,总糖含量达17.88%,Vc含量达到最高水平35.94 mg/100g,蛋白质含量达606.36 mg/100g,硝酸盐含量低于600 mg/100g.     

有机与无机肥料配合对番茄产量和品质的影响

通过四个不同处理,在同等养分的基础上,有机肥料和无机肥料配合使用比单施有机肥料或无机肥料,在产量上经过方差分析在信度2值为0.01水准时,F 检验达到了37.87;F 值>F_(0.01)5.95,达到了极显著水平。在产量上各处理间差异显著情况下,采用 L.S.D 法进行比较,结果有机和无机肥配合使用比对照增产139%,单施有机肥料比对照增产113%。单施无机肥料比对照增产100%。     

不同施肥水平对龙岩红芽芋产量及品质的影响研究

通过对龙岩红芽芋不同施肥方法及不同施肥水平试验,进行了产品检测和蒸煮品质鉴定,分析了其对龙岩红芽芋产量性状及品质的影响.试验结果表明,基肥(有机肥7 500 kg/hm2)+追肥(有机肥7 500 kg/hm2)有利于龙岩红芽芋获得高产,产量达25 276.80 kg/hm2,其粗纤维、VC、钙、磷含量最高,分别为0.6%,7.20 mg/100 g,1.49 mg/100 g,5.9 mg/100 g,综合品质最好.     

养殖废弃物生物有机肥料对藜蒿产量及肥料利用率的影响

研究了养殖废弃物生物有机肥料和化肥配施与单施化肥对云南藜蒿产量、相对干物质含量、土壤养分含量及肥料利用率的影响。试验结果表明,各施肥处理的藜蒿产量(21 273~29 110 kg/hm~2)均显著高于对照(17 765 kg/hm~2),其中有机无机肥配施处理的藜蒿产量(20 334~29 110 kg/hm~2)比单施化肥处理(21 273 kg/hm~2)增加19.8%~36.8%;同时,有机无机肥配施处理的藜蒿相对干物质含量比单施化肥处理提高了1.14%~5.48%;与单施化肥处理相比,有机无机肥配施处理明显提高了土壤养分含量、改善了土壤供肥特性、提高了肥料利用率;藜蒿地上部的养分积累量、肥料回收率和肥料农学利用效率及生理利用效率均显著提高。     

不同氮磷配比对三年生宽叶羌活药材产量及品质的影响

采用二因素随机区组设计,利用尿素、过磷酸钙不同配比施用于3 a生宽叶羌活实生苗进行施肥试验.结果表明:单施尿素时施肥量120 kg/hm2是3a生宽叶羌活药材高产的最佳施用量,单施过磷酸钙时,施用量400 kg/hm2是宽叶羌活药材产量最佳使用量.随着尿素和过磷酸钙用量的增加、3 a生宽叶羌活药材的羌活根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量逐渐增加,在尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙施用量400 kg/hm2时3 a生宽叶羌活药材根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量均达到最大,之后逐渐降低.在青藏高原地区,3 a生羌活药材产量、挥发油含量、浸出物含量最高的肥料配比为:尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙用量400 kg/hm2.     

氮、磷、钾对荆芥产量及挥发油含量的影响

采用三因素二次D饱和最优设计,研究氮、磷、钾及其配比对荆芥产量和挥发油含量影响。结果表明:氮、磷、钾肥合理施用能明显促进荆芥产量和挥发油含量。施肥能通过促进二级分枝发育来提高荆芥分枝数及穗数。全量氮、钾肥与磷肥复合处理中二级分枝最多,单施氮肥效果次之。施肥能提高荆芥产量,主要增产效果体现在芥穗产量的增加上。复合型肥料比单肥效果好,营养平衡型肥料又好于营养失调型。单施氮肥或氮钾复合肥能提高茎叶挥发油含量,过量施用磷肥使挥发油含量降低。根据数学模型的计算结果,确定最佳施肥量:氮(N)为195.8 kg/hm2,磷(P2O5)为92.6 kg/hm2,钾(K2O)为130.3 kg/hm2。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量