不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长发育及消化酶活力的影响

将初始体质量为(0.006±0.0005)g的仔鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个平行,分别投喂4种饵料:人工配合饵料、轮虫、蛋黄和轮虫+人工配合饵料.试验周期为28 d.结果表明,(1)轮虫+人工配合饵料和人工配合饵料组生长较快,特定生长率分别为0.014 %/d和0.013 %/d, 绝对生长率达到0.150、0.142 g/d,二组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋黄组生长最慢,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05).(2)轮虫+人工配合饵料与轮虫组仔稚鱼的成活率达到90.3%和 89.7%,大部分个体发育进入幼鱼阶段,二组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋黄组存活率较低,只有40.7%,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05).(3)投喂不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼的消化酶具有显著影响,蛋黄组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);轮虫+人工配合饵料组的胃蛋白酶活力较高,天然饵料(轮虫)组较低.     

投喂频率对黄鳝幼鱼摄食、生长及饵料利用效率的影响

研究了不同投喂频率对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)摄食率、特定生长率、饵料效率、体重分化、鱼体组成的影响。试验共设5组不同投喂频率(2、3、4、12次/d和24次/d),每组3个重复,试验持续30 d。结果显示:投喂频率4次/d组的摄食率显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);特定生长率有不同程度增高,4次/d组达到最高(P<0.05);饲料利用效率4次/d组显著高于2次/d组(P<0.05),与其它组无显著性差异(P>0.05);随着投喂频率增加,各试验组组内个体体重无显著差异(P>0.05),黄鳝的规格趋于整齐。试验各组黄鳝的鱼体成分无显著性差异(P>0.05);饵料蛋白质和能量的表观消化率,在4次/d时达到最高(P<0.05)。试验表明:黄鳝的生长受投喂频率的影响,每天投喂4次是黄鳝养殖的最佳投喂频率。     

人工饲养条件下额外投喂海蜇对银鲳生长及代谢酶活性的影响

以银鲳(Pampus argenteus)为研究对象,进行了5组不同频率额外投喂海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)的实验,依次为无额外投喂海蜇组(对照组)、1次/d、1次/3 d、1次/6 d和1次/12 d(依次标记为O组、A组、B组、C组和D组),通过分析实验中期(36 d)和实验结束时(60 d)银鲳的生长情况及其不同组织中主要蛋白与脂类代谢相关酶活性的变化,揭示银鲳在额外投喂海蜇过程中,其生长、机体蛋白和脂类代谢指标的变化。结果显示,36 d和60 d时,高频率额外投喂海蜇组(A组和B组)银鲳增重率和特定生长率显著高于D组,但与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);各组血清和肝脏中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性均无显著差异(P0.05);60 d时,A组血清脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性显著高于其它各组,各组间肝脏与肌肉中LPL活性无显著性差异;60 d时,高频率组(A组和B组)肝脏脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性显著高于低投喂频率组(C组和D组)(P0.05),肌肉组织中,额外投喂海蜇试验组FAS活性均显著高于对照组。结果表明,高频率投喂海蜇可提高银鲳组织代谢酶的活性,特别是脂代谢相关酶的活性,从而促进机体对营养物质的消化吸收,在一定程度上提高银鲳的生长率,在银鲳人工养殖过程中,基于机体代谢指标的分析,每3天额外投喂一次海蜇较为适宜。     

芽孢杆菌微生态制剂对灰海马幼体生长、成活率及消化酶活力的影响

通过给灰海马(Hippocampus erectus Perry)初生幼体口服卤虫包膜的芽孢杆菌微生态制剂,探讨其对海马幼体生长、成活率及消化酶活力的影响。共计3批初生的灰海马幼体(3对亲本一次产出的全部幼体),每批平均分为两组,分别作为试验组和对照组。3批幼体作为3个重复组,以排除初生幼体质量不同引起的差异。试验组投喂用芽孢杆菌微生态制剂处理过的卤虫幼体,对照组投喂未经芽孢杆菌微生态制剂处理的卤虫幼体,试验时间为25 d。试验结束时,试验组灰海马幼体体长和体长增量与对照组无显著差异;体质量方面,仅第3批中试验组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其它两批无显著差异;3批次试验组灰海马幼体的成活率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);消化酶方面,试验组与对照组间除第3批试验灰海马幼体的脂肪酶活力及第1批试验灰海马幼体的蛋白酶活力无显著差异外,其它批次中试验组灰海马肠道脂肪酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结果表明,口服芽孢杆菌微生态制剂能够显著提高人工养殖灰海马幼体的成活率及肠道消化酶活力。     

2种饵料模式对稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹幼蟹养殖性能和生理代谢的影响

为优化稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹的饵料模式,本研究分别采用配合饲料和传统饵料(豆粕、麸皮、玉米和小麦)投喂稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹幼蟹152 d,每种投喂组各3个重复,比较2种饵料模式对幼蟹养殖性能、蛋白质代谢、消化酶、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。结果显示,配合饲料组的雌蟹和雄蟹体质量均高于传统饵料组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);就养殖性能而言,2种饵料模式下,配合饲料组正常幼蟹的平均体质量及产量、1龄早熟蟹平均体质量及其产量、总产量和成活率均略高于传统饵料组,饵料系数显著低于传统饵料组(P<0.05);就蛋白质代谢而言,配合饲料组雌蟹和雄蟹血淋巴中的总蛋白含量显著高于传统饵料组(P<0.05),而传统饵料组雄蟹血淋巴中的尿素氮含量和肝胰腺中的谷草转氨酶活力显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);配合饲料组雌蟹和雄蟹肝胰腺中的脂肪酶均显著高于传统饵料组(P<0.05),而雄蟹的α-淀粉酶活力显著低于传统饵料组;配合饲料组的雌蟹血淋巴中总抗氧化能力、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶活力和肝胰腺中酸性磷酸酶活力均显著高于传统饵料组(P<0.05)。综上所述,投喂配合饲料可以提高稻田扣蟹的养殖性能、促进蛋白质沉积和脂类吸收、增强幼蟹抗氧化和免疫能力、提高蟹种质量。     

不同饥饿时间对白斑狗鱼恢复投喂期间生长性能的影响

在水温22~26℃条件下,研究了在不同饥饿时间处理后再投喂对白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius)生长性能的影响,试验设置饥饿14、21、28、35、42 d组和正常投喂对照组,各组饥饿结束后恢复正常投饵,在投喂后以7 d为一个生长阶段,比较各处理组的增重率、特定生长率、摄食率、饲料系数,试验周期为56 d。结果显示,随着饥饿时间的延长,白斑狗鱼的总体重损失率呈逐渐升高的趋势,而各饥饿阶段体重损失率呈下降的趋势;各饥饿处理组恢复投喂后的增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且随饥饿时间的延长而逐渐升高,但在恢复投喂后的第35天,S14组(饥饿14 d组)与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);各饥饿处理组恢复投喂后的摄食率随饥饿时间的延长而显著性升高(P<0.05);饵料系数随饥饿时间的延长而逐渐下降,其中在第14天时,S42组(饥饿42 d组)的饵料系数显著高于其他饥饿处理组(P<0.05),与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在同一饥饿处理组,随着投喂时间的延长,增重率、特定生长率和摄食率均呈显著性下降的趋势(P<0.05),饵料系数呈升高的趋势,其中S14组在第35天时恢复到对照组水平。结果表明:摄食率升高和饵料系数下降是饥饿再投喂白斑狗鱼增重率显著上升的原因,且这种生长倾向随着恢复投喂时间的延长而不断减弱。     

不同饲料对珍珠龙胆石斑幼鱼生长性能的影响

为筛选出营养利用率高、对环境压力较低、适合于珍珠龙胆石斑(Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀)的饲料,研究了配合饲料、饵料鱼、饵料虾、配合饲料与饵料鱼混饲、配合饲料与饵料虾混饲等几种饲料及组合对珍珠龙胆石斑幼鱼摄食生长、消化酶活性、肌肉营养成分和氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明:投喂饵料鱼的试验组,幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率显著高于其它组,而配合饲料组的蛋白质效率显著优于其它组(P0.05);配合饲料与饵料鱼混饲组,幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率均仅次于最优组。饵料鱼组、配合饲料与饵料鱼混饲组的胃蛋白酶活力显著高于配合饲料组(P0.05),饵料鱼组的肠脂肪酶活力显著高于其它组,配合饲料与饵料鱼混饲组的脂肪酶活力显著高于配合饲料组(P0.05)。配合饲料组、配合饲料与饵料鱼混饲组的肌肉粗蛋白含量显著高于饵料鱼组(P0.05),饵料鱼组的粗脂肪含量显著高于其它组(P0.05)。饲料与饵料鱼混饲组的试验鱼肌肉中鲜味氨基酸、人体必需氨基酸和氨基酸的总量高于其它组。综合分析认为,采用配合饲料与冰鲜饵料混合饲喂珍珠龙胆石斑鱼效果较好。     

不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响

以美洲西鲱(Alosa sapidissima)仔鱼(孵化后10 d)为实验对象,在室内进行为期30 d的摄食生长试验,分别投喂不同的饵料[单独投喂卤虫(Artemia)、单独投喂微颗粒饲料、卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂],分析不同饵料的投喂对存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:(1)混合投喂组的存活与生长表现都要显著优于卤虫组和微颗粒饲料组(P0.05),微颗粒饲料组与卤虫组相比差异不大,而试验后期(20~30 d)微颗粒饲料组的存活与生长表现要优于卤虫组;(2)消化酶的结果显示,胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力在各组中无显著性差异(P0.05),胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶在卤虫组中活力最低,显著低于其他两组(P0.05),其中糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性在微颗粒饲料组中要显著高于混合投喂组(P0.05);(3)碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物岐化酶活力在各组中无显著性差异(P0.05),过氧化氢酶和溶菌酶活力在微颗粒饲料组中最高,卤虫组中最低,两者之间差异显著(P0.05);(4)鱼体脂肪酸受饵料脂肪酸组成影响较大,微颗粒饲料中n-3HUFA和DHA含量较高,其投喂后在鱼体中的含量也高。综上所述,不同饵料投喂对美洲西鲱仔稚鱼存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸影响显著,在试验20 d之前使用卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂,20 d后完全转食微颗粒饲料,可以降低成本,同时提高生产效率。     

斜带石斑鱼种苗转饵模式研究

对36日龄平均体质量(0.21±0.01)g的斜带石斑鱼种苗的转饵模式进行研究。设计5种转饵模式:转饵1组前10d投喂生物饵料,然后转投配合饲料;转饵2、转饵3和转饵4组前10d进行联合投喂(转饵2:25%配合饲料+75%生物饵料;转饵3:50%配合饲料+50%生物饵料;转饵4:75%配合饲料+25%生物饵料),然后转投配合饲料;转饵5组直接投喂配合饲料;转饵试验至种苗60日龄结束。试验结果表明,由于鱼体长度变异系数显著高于其他各组(P0.05),转饵4组试验鱼死亡率最高,而其他各组之间差异不显著(P0.05);试验结束时,转饵1组试验鱼体质量和质量增加率最低,显著低于其他各组(P0.05),而转饵2组又显著低于转饵4和转饵5组(P0.05);转饵1组种苗36—45日龄的特定生长率显著低于其他各组(P0.05),而46—60日龄的特定生长率显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。转饵试验结束后,各组种苗全鱼水分和粗蛋白含量差异不显著(P0.05),转饵5组种苗全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。综合比较各项指标,转饵3的模式种苗质量增加率较高而死亡率较低,是本研究中效果较好的转饵模式。     

饵料类型和投喂频率对鳡幼鱼生长及肌肉成分的影响

研究了不同养殖模式F1(投喂1次饵料鱼/d)、F2(投喂2次饵料鱼/d)、A1(投喂1次人工配合饲料/d)、A2(投喂2次人工配合饲料/d)对鳡(Elopichthys bambusa)幼鱼生长及肌肉成分的影响,实验持续56 d.结果显示:各组最终体重为A2 ＞F2 ＞A1 ＞F1.饵料相同时,2次/d组生长速度、肌肉...     

投喂频率对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响

为研究不同投喂频率对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼生长性能和肌肉品质的影响,在室内循环水养殖系统中,采用人工配合饲料,以1次/d、2次/d、3次/d、4次/d等4种投喂频率,对体质量(13.8±0.83)g的绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼进行了饲养试验,试验时长为42 d。结果显示,随着投喂频率增加,绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼的终末体质量呈逐渐升高的趋势,特定生长率呈先升后降的变化趋势,其中3次/d组幼鱼的特定生长率最高,显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05);饲料系数也随着投喂频率的增加而升高,3次/d组的饲料系数显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05),4次/d组的饲料系数显著高于1次/d组和2次/d组(P<0.05);肌肉品质方面,4次/d组幼鱼的肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05),不同投喂频率组间肌肉粗蛋白质含量和灰分含量无显著性差异(P<0.05)。综合考虑生长性能和肌肉品质指标,绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼适宜的投喂频率为日投3次。     

不同投喂频率下草鱼对5种非粮蛋白源利用效率的比较

采用双因素正交试验(3ｘ5)评估了草鱼在3种投喂频率下对豆粕(美国)、乙醇梭菌蛋白、黄粉虫、小球藻、棉籽蛋白粉的利用效率。以5种原料为单一蛋白源配制5种等氮等能饲料,在池塘网箱(1mｘ1.5mｘ1.5m)中,分别以投喂频率(2次/d、3次/d和4次/d)投喂初始体质量~80g的草鱼8周,考察草鱼的生长性能,全鱼和肌肉营养成分以及血清生化指标。研究结果表明：黄粉虫试验组(2次/d)草鱼表现出最低的生长性能;豆粕(4次/d)和乙醇梭菌蛋白(3次/d和4次/d)试验组草鱼表现出最高的生长性能;投喂频率与蛋白源对草鱼的末重,饲料系数,蛋白质效率和增重率有交互作用(P＜0.05)。除小球藻试验组,各试验组草鱼的终末体质量和蛋白质效率随着投喂频率的增加而增加。不考虑蛋白源,投喂频率为4次/d的草鱼生长性能显著高于2次/d。 不考虑投喂频率,黄粉虫和棉籽浓缩蛋白组的增重率和蛋白质效率显著低于豆粕、乙醇梭菌蛋白和小球藻三组(P＜0.05),饲料系数则表现出相反的趋势(P＜0.05)。不同的投喂频率下,五种蛋白源对草鱼的形体指标(肝体比、脏体比、肥满度)和全鱼和肌肉的基础营养成分均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。投喂频率对草鱼血清的碱性磷酸酶和葡萄糖有显著影响(P＜0.05),投喂2次/d的碱性磷酸酶的活性显著高于投喂3次/d和投喂4次/d(P＜0.05),投喂4次/d试验鱼的葡萄糖含量显著高于投喂2次/d和3次/d(P＜0.05)。黄粉虫试验组草鱼血清中的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于豆粕组和小球藻组(P＜0.05)。本试验条件下,以生长性能为评价指标,草鱼适宜的投喂频率为3~4次/d,草鱼对五种蛋白源饲料的利用能力为：乙醇梭菌蛋白=豆粕=小球藻>棉籽浓缩蛋白>黄粉虫。     

温度对大海马摄食行为及生长速率的影响

选取体质良好、活力强的大海马(Hippocampus kuda Bleeker),体重(3.075 g±0.16 g)、体全长(11.55 cm±0.31cm)。设置18℃、23℃、28 3℃个实验组和1个对照组(CT组:自然变温),每组3个重复,实验周期28 d。结果显示,大海马在23℃时生长速率最快,摄食活跃;28℃大海马反应最迅速(5.8 s±0.74 s),摄食量最大(153.92 g±10.33 g),活动频繁,泳速大;而18℃和自然变温条件下对食物的反应不敏感,多缠绕在附着物上,摄食时呈聚集式分布;23℃和28℃时,相对活跃,会主动游向饵料摄食,摄食效率较高。综上所述,温度的改变对大海马的生长速率及摄食行为均有一定影响;在适宜温度下,大海马的活力大,摄食量多,生长速率相对较快。本研究旨在为大海马饵料开发和养殖环境优化提供科学数据。     

Growth in Arctic charr and rainbow trout fed temporally concentrated or spaced daily meals

The effect on growth of distributing feed over a few hours compared tomore frequent meals was tested on 1+ Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) and 1+ rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Triplicate hatchery groups for each treatment were fed at a ration level of 1%/dayeither with few meals (8 times per day divided into morning and evening)or with frequent meals (32 meals equally distributed during the day). Wefound an opposite effect of meal frequency on growth in the two species.Low feeding intensity (8 meals per day) had a significantly positive effecton growth in rainbow trout but a significantly negative effect on growth inArctic charr when compared to feeding the fish frequent meals. Theopposite response to meal frequency is likely to be an effect of thedifferences in activity during feeding. Rainbow trout feed much moreaggressively than charr which can result in feeding being a more stressfulevent. In this experiment, the specific growth rate was lower and the feedconversion ratio higher for Arctic charr compared to rainbow trout.     

凡纳滨对虾亲虾繁殖期间适宜投喂频率的研究

在饱食投喂条件下,选用鲜活饵料沙蚕(Nereis succinea)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)亲虾进行营养强化培育60 d,通过比较不同的投喂频率2次/d(F2组)、3次/d(F3组)、4次/d(F4组)对亲虾摄食、生长、繁殖性能、虾体组成和肝胰腺的消化酶活力的影响,旨在探究亲虾繁殖期间营养强化的最适投喂频率。结果显示,随着投喂频率的增加,亲虾的日摄食量逐渐增大,F2组显著低于F4组(P0.05),但与F3组差异不显著(P0.05);亲虾的增重率和体长增长率呈先升高后降低的趋势,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。不同的投喂频率对各组亲虾的单次产卵量、相对产卵量、无节幼体I期个体数、无节幼体孵化率、蚤状幼体I期个体数、无节幼体变态率、性腺指数、初产时间和产卵间期均无显著影响(P0.05)。亲虾全虾主要体组成分水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分含量也不受投喂频率增加的影响(P0.05);F2组的胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力显著低于F3、F4组(P0.05),而不同实验组的胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力无显著性差异(P0.05)。结合本研究的结果和生产实际情况,建议在饱食投喂条件下,凡纳滨对虾亲虾繁殖期间营养强化的适宜投喂频率为2次/d。     

The effects of changing feeding frequency simultaneously with seawater transfer in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. smolt

The effects on group feed intake and growth performance of changing feeding frequency simultaneously with seawater transfer of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were investigated. Two feeding regimes of one feed per day (1F) and eight feeds per day (8F) were compared for groups of Atlantic salmon in freshwater. Following seawater transfer groups were either fed on their pre-transfer regimes or swapped to the other regime, resulting in four treatments (n = 3). Regardless of the pre-transfer feeding regime, 1F groups had significantly (P < 0.05) lower feed intake immediately following transfer than 8F groups. However, groups that underwent a change in feeding frequency did not have significantly lower feed intake immediately following transfer than those kept on the pre-transfer feeding regime. During the freshwater phase, overall mean feed intake of 8F groups was significantly greater than 1F groups, whilst there was no significant difference in mean feed intake for any of the treatments during the seawater phase. Growth was better in groups fed 8F in freshwater than those fed 1F in freshwater regardless of post-transfer feeding regime. There were no significant differences in growth depensation throughout the experiment, suggesting that there were no overall differences in hierarchy strength amongst treatments. The main finding of this experiment was that a single meal per day immediately following seawater transfer results in initially significantly lower feed intake than the higher feeding frequency regardless of pre-transfer feeding regime, consequently multiple daily feeds is the recommended feeding regime following seawater transfer.     

Feed regimen affects growth,condition index,proximate analysis and myocyte ultrastructure of juvenile spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus

The present work was designed to evaluate the effects of various feeding regimens on rabbitfish growth and condition. Twelve juvenile rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus (7.3 ± 0.1 g) were stocked into each of 15 tanks. Tanks were randomly assigned one of five treatments with three replicate tanks per treatment. Treatments were G‐I: fish fed once daily at 08.00; G‐II: fish fed once daily at 17.00; G‐III: fish fed twice daily at 08.00, 17.00; G‐IV: fish fed three times daily, at 08.00, 13.00, 17.00; G‐V: fish fed three times daily at 08.00, 13.00, 17.00 for six consecutive days, followed by 1 day of fasting. Fish were offered a commercial diet (Golden Extruded, 450 g kg^?1 protein, 200 g kg^?1 lipids) to apparent satiation. At the conclusion of the study, weight gain of rabbitfish fed three times daily (273.1%) was significantly greater than weight gain of fish in all other treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed once per day (1.5) was significantly greater than FCR in all other treatments. Proportion of lipids in fish fed three times per day was significantly greater than in fish from other treatments. Ultrastructure of muscle of fish offered feed three times daily had a better organized appearance and better defined striation than muscle of fish in other treatments. Accordingly, feeding rabbitfish three times daily is better than feeding them once or twice daily and also improves muscle ultrastructure and quality.     

Effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

A factorial (3 × 4) feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequency and feed type on the growth performance, feed utilization and body proximate composition of juvenile olive flounder. Three feed types including a sinking moist pellet (MP), a sinking dry pellet (DP) and a floating extruded pellet (EP) were used. Fish (average weight, 11.1 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed in thirty‐six 300 L tanks in a flowthrough system. Triplicate groups (30 fish per tank) of fish were fed each feed type to visual satiation at three meals per day, two meals per day, one meal per day and one meal every 2 days for 7 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the survival of fish was not significantly different among the treatments. Weight gain was affected by the feeding frequency. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the EP at three meals per day. The daily feed intake of fish fed the MP and DP tended to be higher than that of fish fed the EP at each feeding frequency. The feed efficiency and the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the EP were higher than those of fish fed the MP and DP. The body proximate composition of fish was altered by the feeding frequency. The crude lipid content increased with the increase in the feeding frequency. The present findings suggest that three feedings per day at visual satiation of the floating EP may be sufficient for the maximal growth performance of olive flounder grown from 11 to 60 g.     

Effect of feeding frequency on growth performance,blood metabolites,proximate composition and digestive enzymes of Lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) Juveniles

This study verified the effects of feeding frequency on growth, blood metabolites, digestive enzyme activities (alkaline protease, acid protease, amylase and lipase) and proximate composition of Lebranche mullet juveniles. Fish with initial weight of 13.6 ± 0.7 g were distributed in twelve tanks and fed one, three, five and seven times per day to apparent satiation for 60 days. While the final weight of fish fed only once a day attained just 15.4 ± 0.7 g, those fed five or seven times per day reached 54.0 ± 12.1 and 55.9 ± 6.1 g respectively. The feed consumption also increased at high frequencies, but feed efficiency was higher (76.7 ± 11.7%) when mullets were fed three times per day. In general, increasing feeding frequencies also increased blood content of metabolites (total protein, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol), possibly due to increased intake and absorption of nutrients. The response of digestive enzymes correlated with feeding efficiency, with higher activity in fish fed three or five times per day. Concerning whole‐body proximate composition, no significant difference was observed in protein, but lipid content increased significantly with feed frequency. Based on growth performance and biochemical responses, we recommend feeding Lebranche mullet juveniles three to five times per day.     

投喂频率对池塘循环水养殖大口黑鲈消化酶、组织结构及脂代谢酶基因表达的影响

为研究池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下投喂频率(2 次/d、3 次/d、4 次/d)对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)体成分、肠道消化和肝脏组织结构及脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)和肝脂酶(HL)基因相对表达丰度的影响, 选用平均体重为 (5.0±0.4) g 的大口黑鲈为研究对象, 在池塘工程循环水养殖系统中进行为期 120 d 的养殖实验。结果表明, 投喂频率对鱼体全鱼的粗脂肪和灰分含量影响显著(P<0.05); 投喂频率 2 次/d 组的灰分含量显著高于其他两组, 而 2 次/d 组体脂肪含量低于投喂 3 次/d、4 次/d 组, 体水分和粗蛋白含量均不受投喂频率的影响(P>0.05); 投喂频率 2 次/d 组肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于 4 次/d 投喂组(P<0.05); 投喂频率对大口黑鲈肠道绒毛高度和宽度影响不显著 (P>0.05), 4 次/d 组肠道绒毛排列整齐度下降且肌层厚度显著低于 2 次/d 和 3 次/d 组(P<0.05)。肝脏组织学显示, 投喂频率越高肝脏脂肪堆积加重, 相对于 2 次/d 和 3 次/d 组, 4 次/d 组肝细胞偏移、空泡化的现象较明显。在第 60 天和 90 天, 2 次/d 组 LPL 基因相对表达量显著高于 4 次/d 组(P<0.05); 而在第 120 天时, LPL 的相对表达量在各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2 次/d 组 HL 基因相对表达量显著高于 4 次/d 组(P<0.05)。综合分析, 在饱饲投喂条件下, 池塘循环水养殖大口黑鲈的适宜投喂频率为 2 次/d。