多花黑麦草、鸭茅、扁穗牛鞭草、菊苣饲养肉兔效果分析

采用单因子试验设计,选用2月龄健康肉兔24只,随机分成4组,饲喂不同的牧草,即每日分别在基础饲粮(50g)中加等量(500g)多花黑麦草、鸭茅、扁穗牛鞭草、菊苣,测定其对肉兔日采食量、日增重和料重比的影响。结果表明,多花黑麦草、鸭茅饲养肉兔的日增重和料重比与扁穗牛鞭草、菊苣相比,提高显著(P<0.05);肉兔对多花黑麦草的采食量最高(P<0.05);4种牧草饲养肉兔的腹泻指数差异不显著(P>0.05),且均是正常水平。结论为4种牧草均适合饲喂肉兔,其中,多花黑麦草饲养效果最佳,鸭茅次之,扁穗牛鞭草、菊苣的饲养效果较低。     

山毛豆对肉兔的亚慢性毒性试验研究

为了评定山毛豆(Tephrosia candida DC.)作为肉兔蛋白饲料的安全性及营养价值,进行了山毛豆鲜叶饲喂新西兰肉兔的亚慢性毒性试验,在肉兔的青料中添加0％、25％、50％、75％及100％的鲜草饲喂新西兰肉兔,对各组肉兔的采食、生长情况及脏器系数和血液学指标进行了观测.结果表明:(1)试验期间,肉兔活动正常,对照组和试验组都没有死亡；(2)试验组肉兔的各脏器无可见剖检病变,各脏器系数与对照组的差异不显著；(3)试验组肉兔的血液生理生化指标均位于正常值范围之内；(4)添加50％山毛豆鲜草适口性最好,肉兔日增重达到15.61±1.41g/只,与对照组差异显著,适合应用在实际生产中；(5)山毛豆可安全用作肉兔饲草.     

山毛豆草粉饲喂新西兰肉兔安全性评定

为了评定山毛豆(Tephrosia canadida DC.)草粉作为肉兔全价颗粒饲料的安全性和营养价值,进行了山毛豆草粉对新西兰肉兔90 d亚慢性毒性试验,对照组饲喂精料、象草,试验组在全价颗粒料中添加10%、20%、30%、40%山毛豆草粉,对各组肉兔的采食量、生长情况、脏器系数和血液学指标进行观察、测定和分析.结...     

桂闽引象草对肉鹅生长性能的影响

为了探索桂闽引象草在肉鹅生产中的饲用价值,本文以合浦狮头鹅为研究对象,以桂闽引象草作为青饲料源,王草作为对照品种,研究了饲喂桂闽引象草对肉鹅生长性能的影响,结果表明:桂闽引象草生物产量高,营养品质好,在同等饲喂条件下,肉鹅采食量大于对照品种,平均日增重达51.45±3.49g/只,较对照增加了13.36%;料重比为4.93±0.35%,比对照组少耗料19.47%(P0.05)。由此可见,饲喂桂闽引象草能够取得较好的经济效益。     

山毛豆草粉颗粒料对肉兔的饲用价值评定

为探讨山毛豆(Tephrosia candida)草粉对肉兔的饲用价值,将60只新西兰青年肉兔分为5组,分别添加0％(对照),10％,20％,30％和40％的山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料,饲喂90 d后测定各组饲料的营养成分及肉兔采食量、日增重、料重比和屠宰性能.结果表明:山毛豆营养生长期粗蛋白含量为17.77％,肉兔对山毛豆中粗蛋白的消化率为78.09％,山毛豆的可消化总养分为56.18％.与对照组相比,添加20％草粉日增重达到20.80 g·d-1(P＜0.01);料重比为4.45∶ 1(P＜0.05)；屠宰率为57.78％(P＜0.01)；单位kg增重平均最低饲料成本差异显著(P＜0.05).因此,添加20％山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料可显著提高肉兔的生产性能和养殖效益.     

发酵皇竹草对育成阶段清远麻鸡增重性能的影响

根据清远麻鸡有采食青饲料的特性,鲜采皇竹草粉碎成草浆、发酵,按25%发酵皇竹草、75%自配精料配合饲喂2 238只清远麻鸡(A组),与某公司生产的中鸡商品料饲喂402只清远麻鸡(B组)进行对比试验,试验用69~118日龄放养育成阶段母鸡。结果:日增重A组为9.84g/只,显著低于B组11.20g/只(P0.05),料肉比A组为8.37,显著高于B组6.51(P0.05);A组配合料投料后1h鸡食尽率达100%,其增重比商品料少用成本1.31元/kg,发酵皇竹草可贮存2个月以上。结果表明,发酵皇竹草适口性好、成本低及耐贮存,且有较好的增重效果,因此发酵皇竹草作为清远麻鸡的饲料资源具有大规模开发价值和发展前景。     

饲料中添加复合酶制剂FE909对小尾寒羊日增重效果试验研究

为了研究饲用复合酶制剂FE909对小尾寒羊日增重的影响,选20kg左右小尾寒羊75只,随机分成3组,每组25只,包括1个对照组和2个试验组,各组采用相同的饲养方式,饲喂相同的基础日粮,在3组小尾寒羊的基础日粮中分别添加0g/只、0.3g/只、6g/只的饲用复合酶制剂FE909。结果表明,试验2组平均日增重为179.7g,比对照组和试验1组分别提高14.24%和7.41%,差异显著(P<0.05);试验2组经济效益为78.66元/只,比对照组和试验1组均提高5.05%。由此可见,小尾寒羊日粮中额外添加6g/只复合酶制剂FE909时,日增重和经济效益最高。     

象草和白花扁豆饲喂山羊的效果研究

为探讨饲喂桂牧1号杂交象草、白花扁豆和紫色象草对山羊增重、饲料转化效率和经济效益的影响,选取山羊32只,随机分成4组,每组8只,分别饲喂不同种类饲草,分别对饲草营养价值、采食量、生长情况及经济效益进行测定分析。结果表明:桂牧1号杂交象草组日增重112.33g,与其他三组比分别高出了11.48%、41.44%和6.33%。料肉比为17.98:1,饲料转化效率明显,每千克增重纯收益为25.34元,是饲喂山羊的优良牧草。     

桉树与牧草套种试验研究

为了探讨桉树-牧草复合种植模式的可行性和桉树是否影响牧草的营养成分,试验于2013—2014年在不同郁闭度的桉树林下套种桂牧1号杂交象草、山毛豆、圆叶舞草、非洲狗尾草、合萌、白花扁豆、速生槐等7种牧草,共设计了13种桉-草复合种植模式。结果表明:在不同郁闭度的桉树林下,桂牧1号杂交象草鲜草产量最高的套种模式是新造林(2 m×6 m),达232.35 t/hm2;其次是新造林(2 m×3 m)、萌芽林(2 m×4 m)、萌芽林(2 m×3 m);山毛豆鲜草产量最高的套种模式是新造林(2 m×6 m),达89.0 t/hm2,新造林与萌芽林间产量相比差异显著(P0.05);在相同郁闭度桉树萌芽林(2 m×3 m)下套种牧草鲜草,再生性最好、生物产量最高的是桂牧1号杂交象草(115.79 t/hm2),其次是非洲狗尾草(94.27 t/hm2),山毛豆(62.53 t/hm2)居第三,圆叶舞草(43.36 t/hm2)居第四。桂牧1号杂交象草、山毛豆等牧草品种在桉树下套种与常规土壤种植的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、钙、磷和氨基酸含量均差异不显著(P0.05)。说明桂牧1号杂交象草、非洲狗尾草、山毛豆、圆叶舞草4个牧草品种适合在桉树下套种生长,而且桉树对牧草营养价值的影响不明显。     

圆叶舞草饲喂肉兔效果研究

为了探索圆叶舞草作为兔饲料的应用效果,试验选取50日龄健康肉兔30只,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ(对照)组,每组6只,Ⅰ~Ⅳ组分别饲喂不同定量的全价配合饲料和不限量的圆叶舞草鲜草,对照组仅饲喂全价配合饲料,60 d后,对采食量、生长性能等指标进行测定。结果表明:Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组的试验肉兔增重效果最明显,日增重达(25.75±3.00)g、(24.50±1.95)g,分别较对照组提高了20.72%和14.86%;其中Ⅲ组干物质的转化效率最高,每生长1 g兔肉仅消耗圆叶舞草和配合饲料干物质2.99 g,较完全饲喂全价饲料节省全价饲料4.01%,经济效益十分显著。     

饲喂热带牧草对云南鹅生长的影响

应用传统形态生物学的分析框架,选取云南鹅为研究对象,设计黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)组、菊苣(Cichorium intybus)组、象草(Pennisetum purpureum)组3种热带牧草基础日粮,采用配合饲料为对照,分析这3种热带牧草对云南白鹅生长的影响。研究结果显示,1)4种不同日粮饲喂的云南鹅在体质发育、胸部相对发育、胸肌发育和脚的相对发育上水平相当,但饲喂象草、菊苣和配合饲料较饲喂黑麦草日粮条件下云南鹅背部发育更好,且饲喂象草的效果最为明显;2)在试验期内,饲喂云南鹅黑麦草和菊苣能取得与配合饲料相似的日增重和料重比,且日增重均高于饲喂象草组和配合饲料组,料重比均低于饲喂象草组;3）饲喂4种不同日粮对云南鹅平均体质量累积均呈现“快-慢-快”的生长模式,而对日增重的影响主要集中在约75日龄以前,75日龄后云南鹅的生长不受这4种不同日粮的影响,用黑麦草饲喂30～50日龄云南鹅可有效提高云南鹅平均日增重; 4）就生产效益的比较而言,黑麦草和菊苣均适宜在云南鹅的养殖中使用,且黑麦草对30～50日龄云南鹅的平均日增重具有特殊作用,而象草不适宜在云南鹅的饲养中单独饲用。     

象草与皇竹草组合效应的研究

本试验旨在通过体外产气法研究象草与皇竹草不同比例组合对山羊瘤胃降解率的影响,为南方粗饲料资源的科学应用提供理论依据和数据支持。试验将象草与皇竹草按干物质比为100∶0,75∶25,50∶50,25∶75,0∶100分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,通过体外产气法培养4、8、12、24和48 h,每个时间点3个重复,培养结束后终止发酵并测定各时间点发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH₃-N)浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和发酵滤渣的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量。结果表明:1)象草和皇竹草组合影响了瘤胃pH和NH₃-N浓度,随皇竹草添加比例的增加,pH逐渐降低,显著低于单一象草组(P<0.05);NH₃-N浓度呈先降低后升高的趋势(P>0.05),数值在正常变化范围内,有利于瘤胃发酵;随皇竹草比例的增加,瘤胃TVFA浓度逐渐增加,在发酵8~48 h组Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ显著高于单一象草组(P<0.05)。2)随皇竹草比例增加,DM、NDF和CP降解率增高,显著高于单一象草组(P<0.05),添加75%皇竹草组较其他组高,较为理想。3)象草和皇竹草组合产生了正组合效应,添加50%皇竹草组DM降解率组合效应达到最大值、NDF降解率组合效应均为正值;添加75%皇竹草组在发酵12 h NDF降解率组合效应达到最大值(P<0.05);在发酵4和48 h添加皇竹草组CP降解率组合效应为正。综合得出,象草和皇竹草组合能提高DM、NDF和CP降解率,产生正组合效应;象草和皇竹草以25∶75组合效果较好。     

体外产气法评价青海高原补饲草料与天然草地牧草组合效应

采用体外产气法评价了青海高原反刍家畜补饲用燕麦草(Arrhenatherum elatius(Linn.)Pressl)、老芒麦草(Elymus sibiricus L.)和精补料分别按质量比0:100,25:75,50:50,75:25,100:0的比例与藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica Maxim.)草地型冷季牧草两两组合后的发酵产气特性。结果表明:补饲草料与藏嵩草草地型冷季牧草组合能有效提高单一藏嵩草的消化率;燕麦草和老芒麦草与藏嵩草草地型冷季牧草均以25:75比例组合时较为合适,精补料与藏嵩草草地型冷季牧草以50:50比例组合时较为合适,且各饲草料组合的正组合效应大部分在发酵12～24h时较高,体外发酵48h后其组合效应有下降趋势。研究结果将为该地区草地放牧家畜的营养平衡补饲提供科学依据。     

Apparent digestibility and nutrient balance in lambs fed different levels of flatpea hay.

Apparent digestibility and nutrient utilization were studied in a digestion and balance trial with 30 wether lambs (BW 32 kg). Lambs were blocked by weight and allotted randomly to five diets with ratios of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to 'Lathco' flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) hay of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. Alfalfa was harvested in the early bloom stage and flatpea was harvested in the vegetative stage. Digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and energy decreased linearly (P less than .05) as the level of flatpea hay increased to values of 53.3, 32.4, 39.9, 46.0, 40.5, and 52.5%, respectively, for 100% flatpea hay. Nitrogen retention (9 to 15% of intake) was not affected by level of flatpea hay. Ruminal pH, NH3 N, and blood urea N increased linearly (P less than .001) as level of flatpea increased in the diet, apparently a reflection of dietary N level. Calcium excretion decreased linearly (P less than .01) with increased proportions of flatpea hay and was related to dietary intake of Ca. Apparent absorption and retention showed a cubic effect (P less than .05). No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any of the lambs during the 20-d metabolism trial. Vegetative flatpea is potentially valuable as a forage for feeding ruminants.     

复合益生菌发酵饲料对雪峰乌骨鸡日粮表观消化率及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究复合益生菌发酵饲料对雪峰乌骨鸡日粮表观消化率及肉品质的影响。本试验采用单因素试验设计，选用健康、体重相近的17周龄母鸡600只，随机分为5组，每组6个重复，每个重复20只。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组分别以25%、50%、75%、100%复合益生菌发酵饲料替代基础日粮饲喂，试验期35 d。试验结果表明：①25%、50%发酵料替代组显著提高乌骨鸡对饲料中粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）表观消化率（P<0.05），75%替代组与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比，75%和100%替代组乌骨鸡屠体率显著增加（P<0.05），25%替代组乌骨鸡胸肌率显著增加（P<0.05），但各试验组腹脂率无显著变化（P>0.05）。③各试验组显著降低胸肌pH_{24 h}及蒸煮损失（P<0.05），显著提高胸肌亮度（L^*）和红度（a^*）（P<0.05），100%替代组滴水损失显著下降（P<0.05）。④50%、75%及100%发酵饲料替代组肌肉DM和CP含量显著升高（P<0.05）；50%、100%发酵饲料替代组显著提高肌肉中蛋氨酸（Met）、苯丙氨酸（Phe）、丝氨酸（Ser）、精氨酸（Arg）含量（P<0.05）。结果提示，在本试验条件下，所用复合益生菌发酵饲料能提高日粮养分表观消化率、改善肉品质，但添加比例与效果相关性不明显，以100%替代组效果最佳。     

Canola Meal Compared with Urea in a Barley and Potato Processing Residue Finishing Diet for Feedlot Steers

Five combinations of canola meal and urea were compared in a titration study using yearling beef steers (n = 120, initial weight = 383 kg ± 6.25) consuming barley and potato processing residue-based diets. The steers were allotted to 20 pens in a randomized block design and fed for 86 d. Diets were formulated to contain 30% potato processing residue, 45% barley, 15% corn silage, and 10% supplement (DM basis). Nitrogen source was the only difference in the diets. Supplements were formulated to be isonitrogenous with the N source being either urea or canola meal (C) to provide a calculated dietary CP of 11.5%. Treatments were: 100% urea supplement (0C); 25% canola meal supplement, 75% urea supplement (25C); 50% canola meal supplement, 50% urea supplement (50C); 75% canola meal supplement, 25% urea supplement (75C); and 100% canola meal supplement (100C). Average daily gain and DMI were similar for all treatments (P>0.05). Gain to feed ratio was larger (P<0.05) for 75C than 0C (163.2 vs 151.5 g/kg). Marbling scores were greater (P<0.05) from steers fed 0C than from those fed 50C or 75C. Longissimus muscle area and hot carcass weights were greater for 25C than 0C (P<0.05). Longissimus muscle area for 100C was also larger than 0C (P<0.05). The yield grade of 25C steers was lower (P<0.05) than that found in the 0C, 50C, and 100C steers (P<0.05). The 25C treatment had the highest apparent NDF digestibility of all treatments (P<0.05). Additional return of $14.50 per steer fed canola was found (P>0.05). The changes in carcass composition toward a leaner carcass with natural protein (the 25C fed steers) indicate potential benefits from the use of canola meal in barley and potato processing residue-based diets instead of urea as the sole supplemental N source.     

Suitability of poultry litter ash as a feed supplement for broiler chickens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate poultry litter ash (PLA) at graded levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) as a dietary substitute for dicalcium phosphate (dicalP) for broiler chickens, where PLA was substituted for dicalP on a wt/wt basis. A decreased BW gain was observed at 21 d from PLA at the 100% substitution rate when compared with the 25% substitution rate. No effects on BW gain, feed consumption, or FCR were incurred by study termination at 41 d, and the 100% substitution rate of dicalP did not cause any detrimental effects on the live performance in market age broilers. Although femur ash percentages decreased with increasing levels of PLA, bone integrity was not compromised by the addition of PLA to the diet. Dry matter digestibility of dietary Ca (26.32–58.65%) and P (30.23–42.68%) increased with increasing levels of PLA (0–100%), respectively, inferring that the Ca and P component of the diet was more efficiently used as the level of PLA increased. In conclusion, PLA resulting from the combustion of poultry litter can be used as a P and Ca source for broilers.     

Mixtures of wheat and high-moisture corn in finishing diets: feedlot performance and in situ rate of starch digestion in steers

Wheat and high-moisture corn (HMC) were fed singly and in three combinations using dry-rolled wheat (DRW) (ratios of 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75, respectively, Trial 1), or singly and in two combinations using steam-rolled wheat (SRW) (ratios of 67:33 and 33:67, respectively, Trial 2) to finishing beef cattle fed a high-concentrate diet. In situ rate of starch digestion (Trial 3) was measured on grains used in Trial 1 (excluding the 25 HMC: 75 DRW mixture) and ground dry corn. In Trial 1 (132 d), gain/feed did not differ (P greater than .10); however, final weight, hot carcass weight, and ADG decreased linearly (P less than .05) and DMI exhibited a cubic response (P less than .05) as the percentage of wheat in the diet increased. Carcass characteristics were not different. In Trial 2 (113 d), there were no differences attributable to treatment for ADG, DMI, gain/feed, or carcass characteristics. Positive associative responses for gain efficiency (gain/feed) were greatest for the first increment of wheat addition (25% DRW and 33% SRW in Trials 1 and 2, respectively) and for the early portion of the feeding period (57 and 28 d for Trials 1 and 2, respectively), indicating a more rapid diet adaptation and(or) less propensity for subacute acidosis. In Trial 3, the treatment grains or mixtures did not differ in rate of starch digestion. Although the differences were not statistically significant, starch in the 100% wheat diet was digested twice as fast as the 100 or 75% HMC mixtures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

An Evaluation of Brewery Waste as a Replacement for Concentrates in Diets for Growing Crossbred Common Ducks

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of feeding brewery waste that replaced different levels of concentrate in diets for growing crossbred common ducks. A total of 300 ducks at 3 weeks of age were allocated in a 2 x 5 factorial experiment. Two feeding systems were compared, with the brewery waste provided separately (S) or mixed (M) with a concentrate. For the first feeding system the concentrate was fed alone (C100M), or replaced successively by brewery waste at ratios of concentrate to brewery waste: 75:25 (C75M), 50:50 (C50M) and 25:75 (C25M) on a dry matter basis, and fed ad libitum. For the second system concentrate and brewery waste were fed separately, with the same levels as in the first system. Total feed intakes for both feeding systems and intakes of brewery waste, total dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus increased significantly as concentrate was reduced (p <0.05). Daily weight gains were not significantly different between the two feeding systems, but were significantly lower for the C25 and C0 diets (p <0.05). Replacement of 50% of the concentrate by brewery waste resulted in the best growth performance. The highest net profits were from the separate feeding system, and for ducks fed brewery waste only (C0). It is concluded that brewery waste can replace traditional diets for crossbred common ducks based on concentrate.     

啤酒糟部分替代豆粕对水牛体外瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷生成的影响

本试验旨在研究啤酒糟不同比例替代豆粕对水牛体外瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷生成的影响.采用压力读取式体外产气系统进行体外瘤胃发酵,啤酒糟分别以0、25％、50％、75％和100％(风干基础)替代发酵底物中的豆粕.测定培养72 h内产气量变化、培养24 h后可消化有机物含量、代谢能、氨态氮浓度、微生物蛋白质浓度和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及24 h甲烷产量变化.结果表明:1)72 h累积产气量、可消化有机物含量和代谢能均随啤酒糟替代比例的增加而呈降低趋势;72 h累积产气量0组、25％组、50％组显著高于75％组(P＜0.05),极显著高于100％组(P＜0.01).2)氨态氮浓度25％组最高,极显著高于50％组和75％组(P＜0.01);微生物蛋白质浓度0组最高,极显著高于75％组(P＜0.01),显著高于100％组(P＜0.05).3)25％组总挥发性脂肪酸浓度最高,显著高于75％组和100％组(P＜0.05).4)6 h 0组、25％组和50％组甲烷产量显著低于75％组(P＜0.05);12 h 75％组和100％组显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05);24 h 75％组和100％组显著高于50％组(P＜0.05),极显著高于0组和25％组(P＜0.01).综合而言,啤酒糟作为水牛蛋白质饲料以0～50％替代豆粕对体外瘤胃发酵特性和甲烷生成无不良影响.