蒸青绿茶杀青机的研制

一、蒸青绿茶概述蒸青绿茶具有汤色嫩绿、叶底清绿、干茶色泽翠绿和口感鲜爽、回味甘醇、苦涩味低、保质期长的品质特点,深受茶叶界人士和消费者青睐.日本人称蒸青绿茶为具有真色、真香、真味的纯真天然风味茶.蒸青绿茶是我国一个古老绿茶品种,盛于唐宋时期,但由于其加工工艺复杂,劳动强度大,自元明以后逐步被炒青绿茶所取代,在国内长期处于濒绝状态.我国茶种和蒸青绿茶加工技术传入日本以后,蒸青绿茶在日本得到了发展,并成为日本的主要茶类,50年代末日本发明了滚网筒式蒸汽杀青机,把蒸青绿茶生产推进了一大步.     

外文摘译

▲88.089 绿茶工艺中蒸青条件对制茶品质的影响/大森熏·中村晋一郎等//茶叶研究报告P987,6,No.65,P.80 本试验是研究绿茶制造工艺中蒸青时间和蒸气量对茶叶品质的影响。试验采用250K型全自动传送带式蒸青机。蒸青时间设15、30、40、50、60、90、150秒七种处理,蒸气量设50、70、83、95、108、125、148千克/小时七种级别。研究结果表明:①在15—150秒内,蒸青时间延长,成茶的外形和     

覆盖遮荫及生产季节对蒸青绿茶滋味和香气物质的影响

本论文研究了覆盖遮荫处理和生产季节对蒸青绿茶主要滋味和香气成分的影响.结果表明,覆盖遮荫能有效提高深度蒸青绿茶的游离氨基酸总含量,但对茶多酚含量影响不明显,酚氨比值显著下降,挥发性香气物质总含量有所提高,明显增加的挥发性物质有(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛,正己醛,β-紫罗酮,吲哚和芳樟醇.生产季节对覆盖遮荫蒸青绿茶品质成分有明显影响,主要体现在夏秋季所制蒸青绿茶的游离氨基酸总含量较春季所制蒸青绿茶低,而茶多酚含量则略有提高,酚氨比值明显提高;春、秋季所制遮荫蒸青绿茶的挥发性物质总含量较夏季高.可见,春季(4月、5月)生产的覆盖遮荫蒸青绿茶的滋味和香气俱佳,而秋季(8月)生产的覆盖遮荫蒸青绿茶的香气较高.     

蒸青绿茶加工工艺改进研究

重庆地区生产的蒸青绿茶存在色泽偏黄、偏黑,条索不紧、不直等问题,经济效益较低.本文通过试验研究,提出了一套适合重庆地区蒸青绿茶的加工工艺.     

HACCP在大叶种蒸青绿茶生产中的应用

本文以广东省华海糖业发展有限公司生产的蒸青绿茶为例,研究了HACCP在云南大叶种蒸青绿茶生产中的应用,通过对绿茶加工过程中各工艺环节可能造成的危害进行分析,确定关键控制点和关键限值,并建立监测方法和纠偏措施,从而为绿茶产品质量安全提供重要保障.     

蒸青绿茶杀青工艺浅议

蒸青绿茶,是古老的茶叶种类之一。自唐代即盛行蒸青制作茶叶,随着中华文化的传播,蒸青绿茶制作工艺传至日本,日本制茶业在此基础上研制出了碾茶、煎茶、玉露茶等种类,并在栽培、加工、制作方面取得发展,煎茶成了日本绿茶的当家茶类。改革开放以来,我国引进了许多条煎茶生产线,蒸青绿茶生产在我国悄然兴起。蒸青绿茶讲求三绿(干茶色泽绿、浸泡汤色绿,泡后叶底绿),讲求茶的滋味甘醇、鲜爽,带海藻味的绿豆香。要达到这一质量要求,就必须在茶叶采摘、鲜叶贮存、杀青、温度控制、加工工艺掌握等方面予以重视。蒸青绿茶加工过程的各个环节对茶叶的…     

蒸青绿茶在中日的发展历史及现状

由蒸青绿茶在中国的发展演变史及在日本的传播发展史出发,概述了蒸青绿茶的加工制作、引种栽培和贸易发展史,以及当前的加工技术与蒸青绿茶在各领域中的应用情况,由此对蒸青绿茶的发展进行了展望并提出自己的一些见解。     

紫娟绿茶化学成分与抗氧化活性相关性研究

将同一批紫娟鲜叶原料分别加工成烘青、炒青、晒青和蒸青4种绿茶,分别测定它们的茶多酚、游离氨基酸和儿茶素等主要生化成分的含量及其提取物的抗氧化活性,并进行相关性分析。结果表明,紫芽蒸青绿茶总抗氧化能力高于晒青、炒青和烘青绿茶。蒸青绿茶清除DPPH自由基的能力最强,烘青绿茶清除超氧阴离子能力最强。化学成分和抗氧化活性的相关性分析显示,花青素中的Pt、Pg、黄酮类中My和Qu,以及可溶性糖和没食子酸等与4项抗氧化活性均正相关,茶多酚与总抗氧化能力极显著正相关,但与超氧阴离子清除率极显著负相关。     

绿茶浸提动态研究初探

为了探明液体茶饮料浸提的最佳工艺技术，本文借助L9（3^4)正交实验设计和统计方法，比较烘青、炒青、蒸青一级绿茶在三种不同时间和水温中浸提后的汤后、滋味，并测定了水浸出物、氨基酸和茶多酚的溶出量，结果表明，蒸青一级绿茶、75℃、5min浸提效果最佳。     

茶叶杀青机的类别及其性能(续)

三、网带式茶叶蒸汽杀青机 当前生产中所应用的蒸汽杀青机，一种机型称为茶叶汽热杀青机（图3）；另一种称作茶叶蒸青、脱水、冷却联合机（图4），均由浙江省的茶机生产企业所开发。云南、广西等茶区也先后开发出此类机型，但在茶区应用不够广泛。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。