沙子岭猪不同杂交组合繁殖性能比较试验

本文测定了双×沙、杜×沙、长×沙三个杂交组合的繁殖性能.结果表明,加系双肌臀大约克、美系杜洛克与沙子岭母猪杂交表现出较好的繁殖力,产仔多(13.25～14.00头),60日龄窝重大(159～162kg);而丹系长白与沙子岭母猪杂交,产仔数较少(11.17头),60日龄窝重也较小(136.19kg),仔猪适应性差,抗病力弱.     

沙子岭猪不同杂交组合繁殖性能比较试验

本文测定了双×沙、杜×沙、长×沙三个杂交组合的繁殖性能。结果表明 ,加系双肌臀大约克、美系杜洛克与沙子岭母猪杂交表现出较好的繁殖力 ,产仔多 (1 3 .2 5～ 1 4.0 0头 ) ,6 0日龄窝重大 (1 59～ 1 6 2 kg) ;而丹系长白与沙子岭母猪杂交 ,产仔数较少 (1 1 .1 7头 ) ,6 0日龄窝重也较小 (1 3 6 .1 9kg) ,仔猪适应性差 ,抗病力弱     

东北民猪繁殖性能的研究(续)

结果二、以民猪为母本的杂种猪的繁殖性能(表5) 据对哈×民、长×民、杜×民、哈×杜民以及杜×长民5个杂交组合六个性状542个数据的统计及与同等条件下民猪的相同性状比较测定结果表明:二元杂交猪产仔数比民猪有所增加,其中长×民组最高;三元杂交组合的产仔数均少于民猪,但差异不显著。初生窝重长×民组,杜×民组分别比民猪多2.24和2.31千克,差异     

杜互、长互、苏互母猪与长白杂交的繁殖性能比较

试验测定了长×杜互、长×长互、长×苏互三个杂交组合的繁殖性能。结果表明 :窝均活产仔数杜互母猪 (11 2 2± 1 3 9头 )最高 ,显著高于苏互母猪 (10 2 5± 1 13头 )和长互母猪 (9 95± 1 2 6头 ) ,(P <0 0 5 ) ;初生窝重杜互母猪(12 46± 1 48)最高 ,与苏互 (11 15± 1 5 7kg)和长互 (10 60± 0 88kg)间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;断奶窝重长互母猪 (68 2 4±16 5 7kg)与杜互母猪 (63 12± 15 75kg)和苏互母猪 (65 81± 13 87kg)间比较 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;窝均育成断奶头数 ,杜互为 9 3 8± 1 87头 ,苏互为 8 83± 2 16头 ,长互为 9 15± 1 93头 ,三者之间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。综合评价 ,杜互母猪繁殖性能最好 ,长互母猪次之 ,苏互母猪较差。     

长杜可三元杂交猪组合对比试验

随着人民生活水平的提高,对优质猪肉的需求量越来越大,而我县养猪生产面对当前市场的需要,必须从传统的饲养方式向科学养猪的方向迈进。为此,我们于2001～2002年开展了长×杜×可三元杂交猪组合对比试验。现将试验情况报告如下。1材料与方法1.1试验共设:(1)可×可、杜×可、长×杜×可三个杂交组合猪的繁殖性能对比试验。(2)可×可、杜×可、长×杜×可三个杂交组合猪的育肥性能对比试验。1.2试验地点及规模1.2.1猪繁殖性能对比试验地点及规模。在威宁县雪山镇栽树村选可乐母猪20头,江子林村民组选20头可乐母猪,金斗乡冲子村选杜可杂交母猪2…     

利用三元杂交方式提高商品猪瘦肉率的试验

<正> 1983年我们进行了以地方良种金华、嘉兴猪为母本,长白、大型约克猪作第一轮杂交父本,以杜洛克、汉普夏猪为末端杂交品种的三元杂交猪,以达到提高商品猪瘦肉率的目的。 材料和方法 猪源及分组:由东湖原种场组选同龄一代杂交母猪,采用同期发情,用浙江农科院畜牧所的杜、汉猪精液人工授精。56±1.43日龄断奶,四个杂交组合;杜×(长×金)、杜×(大×嘉)。汉×(长×金)。汉×(大×金),每一组合各10头,公母各半。 预饲:断奶当天转入试舍预饲21天。预饲期间免疫注射、驱虫、去势,预饲期末剪耳号、个体称重。     

优质高效瘦肉型猪杂交组合筛选试验

为筛选优质高效瘦肉型猪杂交组合,1997～2003年在丹东市种畜场,以辽宁黑猪为母本,引进杜洛克、长白、大约克为父本进行二、三、四元杂交,以引进品种间二、三元杂交为对照,历时6年对9种组合系统比较了繁殖、肥育及胴体性状表现,并做了效益分析。结果表明,繁殖性能含黑猪血液母猪组合优于洋洋杂种,杜×大长黑母猪表现较好,产仔数一产为12头,经产为13.67头;35天断奶窝重,一产为106.3kg,经产是108.7kg;断奶成活一产11.6头,经产12头;平均利用年限6.5产以上,每产创效益866元,每头累计可创效益5629元。生长性能和胴体品质杜大长黑组合符合猪肉市场竞争的需要,日增重837g,料重比2.9,瘦肉率62%,肌内脂肪4.4%,肉质佳,一头育肥猪可创效益136.78元。杜大长黑为优质高效最佳商品猪组合。     

西藏高原环境条件下猪繁殖性能杂种优势规律的研究

本文研究了西藏高原条件下 (拉萨 ,3658m)杜洛克、长白与内江杂交组合猪的繁殖性能。结果表明 ,产仔数杜×内组 1～ 3胎分别为 7.31、7.79和 1 0 .2 9头 ;长×内组分别为 6.30、7.50和 7.70头 ;杜×内组优于长×内组 ,而且上述两个杂交组合优于杜洛克、内江、藏猪纯繁组。杜×内、长×内组第 2胎的各繁殖性状均优于藏×内组。第 2、3胎杜×内组、长×内组的产仔数、初生个体重和窝重、2 0日龄个体重和窝重、断奶时个体重和窝重之间差异不显著。杜×内组 1～ 3胎的断奶仔数和哺育率分别为 7.0 0和 64.35%、6.0 9和 78.2 4 %、8.0 0和 78.30 % ;长×内组分别为 5.33和 56.31 %、5.90和 80 .65%、6.60和86.1 2 % ;;杜×内组的断奶仔数高于长×内组 ,两个杂交组合 2、3胎的繁殖指标均高于头胎。说明杜×内和长×内两个杂交组合适宜于西藏地区养猪生产     

加系双肌臀大白猪不同杂交组合性能比较试验

本试验选择加系双肌臀大白猪、美系杜洛克、丹麦长白三个品种的公母猪,组成5个杂交组合(双公×双母,双公×长母,双公×杜母,杜公×双母),测定了双×双、长×双、双×长、双×杜、杜×双五个组合猪的繁殖性能与肥育性能。结果表明:杜×双组合在日增重(896.05g)、饲料报酬(2.80∶1)、瘦肉率(66.01%)等主要指标上优于其它杂交组合,且繁殖性能居中、胴体品质优良,是加系双肌臀大白猪二元杂交瘦肉猪生产中的最佳杂交父本品种。试验还表明,双肌臀大白猪产仔多(12.08头)、增重快(851.97g)、瘦肉率高(65.24%)、适应性强,值得大力繁殖推广。     

加系双肌臀大白猪不同杂交组合性能比较试验

本试验选择加系双肌臀大白猪、美系杜洛克、丹麦长白三个品种的公母猪,组成5个杂交组合(双公×双母,双公×长母,双公×杜母,杜公×双母),测定了双×双、长×双、双×长、双×杜、杜×双五个组合猪的繁殖性能与肥育性能.结果表明杜×双组合在日增重(896.05 g)、饲料报酬(2.80∶1)、瘦肉率(66.01%)等主要指标上优于其它杂交组合,且繁殖性能居中、胴体品质优良,是加系双肌臀大白猪二元杂交瘦肉猪生产中的最佳杂交父本品种.试验还表明,双肌臀大白猪产仔多(12.08头)、增重快(851.97 g)、瘦肉率高(65.24%)、适应性强,值得大力繁殖推广.     

胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了研究胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据江苏省某国家级生猪核心育种场2009-2011年出生的繁殖母猪资料,分别选取128头杜洛克、681头长白和610头大白母猪共7280窝生产数据,统计分析不同胎次母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及校正21日龄窝重。此外,依据胎次将母猪分为3个繁殖阶段（1～2胎、3～6胎及7～8胎）来探究品种差异对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明：胎次对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响（P<0.05）,母猪1～4胎的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重随胎次呈增加趋势,第4胎达到高峰,且显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;3～6胎繁殖性能较好,7胎之后出现迅速下降趋势;除在第4胎略有下降外,其他胎次的校正21日龄窝重随胎次递增。品种对母猪繁殖性能的影响显著（P<0.05）,长白和大白母猪的繁殖性能均极显著高于杜洛克母猪（P<0.01）;长白母猪的产活仔数和校正21日龄窝重显著高于大白母猪（P<0.05）,2个品种其他繁殖性能无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,杜洛克、长白和大白母猪的最佳繁殖胎次为3～6胎,长白猪的繁殖性能总体上优于大白猪,就本试验所在的育种场而言,长白猪可能更适合作为二元母猪生产中的母本。     

Production traits of litters in 2 crossbred Duroc pig lines

Genetics of different pig lines affects litter size, birth weight, and neonatal losses. Low birth weight has long been associated with neonatal losses, but piglet body mass index is reported to show stronger correlation with stillbirth. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in litter size, number of stillborn piglets, piglet BW gain, and body mass index between 2 different Duroc crossbred lines. Landrace × Yorkshire sows in 2 farms (n = 89) were divided into 2 groups on each farm. One group of sows on each farm was inseminated with semen from Landrace × Duroc boars (boar group LD, n = 48), and the other was inseminated with semen from purebred Duroc boars (boar group DD, n = 41). Piglets were monitored from birth to weaning at the age of 5 wk. Litter size in boar group LD was larger than in boar group DD (P = 0.03). Number of stillborn piglets in boar group LD tended to be greater than in boar group DD (P = 0.07). Piglets in boar group DD had a greater BW at birth (P = 0.02) and at 3 wk (P = 0.01) than those in boar group LD. Body mass index from birth to weaning was greater in piglets in boar group DD vs. LD (P < 0.01), and both BW and body mass index of liveborn piglets at birth for both groups combined showed a positive correlation with survival at weaning (P < 0.01). In conclusion, breeding for larger litter size in boar group DD may be one approach to increase the number of vigorous piglets in production, but the inverse relationship between litter size and birth weight was more pronounced for this group than for boar group LD (P = 0.03). Further studies of the impact of litter size on BW gain are necessary before a final conclusion can be reached.     

Effects of genetic line and supplemental dietary fat on lactation performance of Duroc and Landrace sows.

A total of 124 Duroc and 99 Landrace primiparous and multiparous sows were assigned, within breed and contemporary group, to control (N) or 10% added fat (F) diets on d 105 of gestation based on parity and genetic line (control or selected for improved sow productivity), to determine the effects of genetic line and fat addition to the lactation diet on sow and litter performance. Weekly feed intake was not affected (P greater than .10) by genetic line for Duroc and Landrace sows but feed intake was reduced (P = .08) during wk 1 to 4 for Duroc sows and during wk 1 and 4 for Landrace sows (P less than .05) when they were fed diet F compared with diet N. Select (S)-line Duroc and Landrace sows lost more weight during lactation (P less than .01) than did control (C)-line sows. Select-line Landrace sows lost more backfat during lactation (P less than .05) than did C-line sows. Landrace sows lost less weight during lactation (P less than .05) when fed diet F than when fed diet N. The total number of pigs born, born alive, and alive at 21 d and at weaning were higher (P less than .01) for S-line Duroc sows, and litter size at 21 d and at weaning was higher (P less than .01) for S-line Landrace sows than for C-line litters within each breed. Pig survival from birth to weaning was increased (P = .07) for Duroc sows fed diet F but not for Landrace sows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨不同配种方式对二元母猪产仔数的影响,以杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、皮特兰猪四个品种公猪精液采用人工授精的方法对11654头长大二元母猪配种,对所产11654窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝损失等进行统计和分析,分析不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,配种次数、不同品种公猪组合配种对二元母猪总产仔数、产活仔数以及窝损失均无显著影响（P〉0.05）,但杜洛克公猪所配二元母猪的总产仔数和窝产仔数均高于大白和长白猪（P〈0.05）;采用长×杜×大组合配种的二元母猪总产仔数和窝产活仔数均高于其它三种组合。试验结果表明,在生产中,可在长白、大白、杜洛克猪中任选两个品种,通过二次配种的方式提高母猪的产仔数。     

猪PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检测及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究催乳素受体（prolactin receptor,PRLR）和卵泡刺激素β（follicle-stimulating hormone β,FSHβ）基因的多态性及其与母猪繁殖性状的关联分析。采用PCR-RFLP方法对大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种共487头母猪进行了PRLR和FSHβ基因多态性检验,并采用单因子方差分析、LSD法分析不同基因型与母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶窝重和断奶窝仔数等繁殖性状的相关性。结果表明,PRLR基因在大白猪和长白猪中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.717和0.548,大白猪BB基因型总产仔数显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）,长白猪BB基因型断奶窝重显著高于AB基因型（P<0.05）;FSHβ基因在大白猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪3个猪种中B等位基因均为优势基因,基因频率分别为0.804、0.760和0.789,长白猪BB基因型总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AB基因型（P<0.05）,呈现BB>AA>AB趋势。因此,PRLR和FSHβ基因对荣昌猪场母猪繁殖性能有一定影响,可作为母猪繁殖性能分子选育的候选参考基因。     

Candidate gene markers for litter size in different German pig lines.

Three diallelic RFLP markers at candidate gene loci for litter size, the estrogen receptor (ESR) gene, the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene, and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene, were evaluated for their association with the number of piglets born alive in different German pig lines. Genotyping was performed on boars and sows belonging to three different genetic groups from a single farm. Information on 8,336 litter records from 2,159 sows (German Landrace, n = 1,672; Duroc, n = 214; and a synthetic line, n = 273) was used in the analyses with respect to litter size. Growth performance traits were only analyzed for the synthetic line. The ESR locus showed no polymorphism in the tested boars of the German Landrace and Duroc lines. In the synthetic line, the frequency for the A allele was 0.90 and no homozygous BB animal was detected. No significant associations of ESR alleles with number of piglets born alive, backfat thickness, or average daily gain were observed. A new PCR-RFLP was developed for testing the PRLR polymorphism. The frequencies of PRLR allele A were 0.40 in the German Landrace, 0.49 in the synthetic, and 0.82 in the Duroc line. In the Duroc line, a small additive effect of the allele B on litter size was observed. The allelic substitution effect was 0.71 piglets born alive across all parities (P = 0.05). No significant associations of the PRLR locus with litter and growth performance traits were detected. The frequencies of RBP4 allele A ranged from 0.62 in the synthetic line to 0.67 in the German Landrace to 0.85 in the Duroc line. For the genotyped sows of the synthetic line, there was no indication of a favorable effect of the A allele with respect to litter size. Results of this study demonstrate that allele effects differ between lines or populations. This may be due to possible different linkage phases between the marker alleles and the causal mutations in the different lines. The results may also be explained by many minor genes affecting litter size. A selection strategy should be designed for each line separately and should always consider possible pleiotropic effects.     

胎次对母猪产仔性能的影响

根据福建某种猪场的生产记录,应用SPSS软件对不同胎次的3588窝大白、长白和杜洛克纯种母猪的窝产仔数、窝产活仔数等进行统计分析。结果表明,在大白、长白和杜洛克纯种母猪中,胎次对窝产仔数和窝产活仔数的影响极显著(P<0.01),平均窝产仔数、窝产活仔数最高均为第6胎,分别为11.44和10.26头,最少均为第1胎,分别为9.49头和8.56头。     

Adjustment of pig or litter weights to a 21-day basis in Duroc, Landrace, and crossbred swine

A total of 457 Duroc, 137 Landrace, 131 Duroc x Landrace, and 110 three-and four-breed crossbred pigs were used to estimate multiplicative adjustment factors. Sixty-one Duroc, 24 Landrace, 18 Duroc x Landrace, and 16 three- and four-breed crossbred litters were weighed every 3 or 4 d from 13 to 30 d of age. Prediction equations for estimating pig weights from birth to 30 d and from 13 to 30 d of age are presented. Multiplicative adjustment factors for adjusting pig or litter weights to a 21-d basis for pigs or litters that are weighed between 13 and 30 d of age for different breeds and crossbred combinations are listed. Breed, litters within breed, and pigs within litter x breed effects adjusted for age at weighing were different (P less than .01). Quadratic regression coefficients of weight on age of pig from 13 to 30 d of age did not differ (P greater than .10) from zero for Landrace and three- and four-breed crossbred pigs but were significant for Duroc and Duroc x Landrace pigs.     

品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P＜0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1~3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬季显著高于春、夏季(P＜0.05);从不同采精月龄对精液品质的影响来看,16~25月龄公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精间隔对精液品质的影响来看,4~5 d为最佳采精间隔,采精间隔过长会导致精子畸形率上升;从不同公猪总乳头数来看,乳头数13~16个时,各精液性状品质都处于中等水平,有利于公猪生产应用。3个品种各精液性状间稳定性趋势不一,杜洛克猪和大白猪精液体积和精子活力的稳定性均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度、精子畸形率和总精子数的稳定性均显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例的稳定性显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05)。各品种中,长白猪稳定性较差;各精液性状中,精子活力稳定性最好。【结论】品种、公猪出生胎次、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液品质,可根据不同品种公猪制定更完善的选择方案,提高精液质量,加速公猪遗传改良。     

妊娠期背膘厚对母猪产程及繁殖性能的影响

为优化母猪繁殖效率,探究妊娠期不同背膘厚对母猪繁殖性能和分娩产程的影响,本研究以广西某公司2 969头大白母猪和1 787头长白母猪为试验群体,收集2017年1月至2017年10月妊娠期3个阶段(妊娠30、80和107 d)背膘厚与分娩接产记录数据,分析背膘厚与分娩产程、总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重等性状的关系。研究结果表明,大白母猪分娩产程时间显著短于长白母猪(P<0.05),大白母猪总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重显著优于长白母猪(P<0.05)。在妊娠30 d时,背膘厚在18～20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大;背膘厚在18～20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高。在妊娠80 d时,背膘厚≥20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大、产程最短;背膘厚在16～18 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较高、母猪产程较短。在妊娠107 d时,背膘厚在14～16 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大,但母猪产程与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);背膘厚≥20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较大。妊娠期背膘厚减少1～2 mm的大白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较小,产程较长。而背膘厚减少>2 mm的长白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较大,产程较短。上述试验结果说明,在母猪妊娠期间,合适的背膘厚可有效提高母猪繁殖性能和母猪分娩期间的福利水平。养殖场可以根据营养配方和猪群品种建立背膘数据库,通过精准饲喂将母猪背膘厚调整至最佳范围,同时合理控制妊娠期背膘变化。