免疫组化技术在细菌性疾病研究中的应用

免疫组化技术利用抗原抗体特异性结合的原理，将物质标记在抗体上，通过检测标记来显示抗原抗体复合物的存在。随着免疫组化的发展和成熟，其技术被广泛应用于细菌研究中的各个方面，除了对细菌等病原体进行准确的检测外，主要进行细菌粘附的观察、对机体组织中的定位和动态分布进行检测等，从而对病原体致病机制进行研究，是现代医学研究广泛使用的研究手段之一。     

免疫组织化学技术在兽医诊断中的应用

免疫组织化学技术是通过利用抗原抗体特异结合的原理,把相关的物质标记在抗体上,来表示复合物的存在和状态。伴随着我国科学技术的全面发展,免疫组织化学技术已经广泛应用到兽医的诊断过程中。免疫组织化学技术应用的范围非常广泛,主要包括对病原体的检测、定位、动态分布,以及新病原体的发现和对固定组织的研究,是现代兽医诊断中的主要技术手段之一。该文通过查询大量的中外文献,就免疫组织化学技术在兽医诊断中的应用进行分析。     

免疫组织化学技术在兽医诊断中的应用

免疫组织化学技术是利用抗原抗体特异性结合的原理,将物质标记在抗体上,通过标记来显示抗原抗体复合物的存在。随着免疫组织化学技术的发展和成熟,已被广泛应用于兽医诊断中,除用于对病原体准确的检测外,主要用于病原在机体组织中的定位和动态分布特点研究、新病原的发现、活体动物中病原的检测、以及对固定组织进行回顾性研究等,是广泛使用的现代病理学研究手段之一。     

抑制性消减杂交技术在动物疫病防控中的应用

抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH)是一种高效分离差异表达基因的方法,可以在转录水平研究机体在不同生理时期、环境变化、疾病等条件下的基因表达差异,因其具有灵敏度高,重复性好的特点,已被广泛用于寻找差异基因的研究。为筛选与病原体致病相关基因,了解病原体与感染细胞之间的分子响应机制,从分子水平探讨某病原体的致病机制;为研究不同强弱毒株之间的毒力差异,寻找新的毒力基因。应用SSH技术,可以同时从病原体和宿主细胞两个层面进行基因表达差异研究。通过构建病原体表达的差减文库或宿主细胞的表达差异文库,分别寻找病原体或宿主细胞的差异表达基因,为进一步研究病原体在机体内引起的各种病变的分子机制,以及今后动物疫病的基因治疗及基因疫苗的研制奠定基础。     

鼠总科动物感染刚地弓形虫的研究进展

刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种典型的人畜共患病病原体，而鼠总科动物分布广泛，与人类生活领域有一定重合，其感染弓形虫情况应该得到重视。文章对鼠总科动物种类、分布，以及其感染弓形虫的研究概况及在弓形虫传播中的作用等进行综述，以期为小型野生动物寄生虫病研究及弓形虫流行病学调查提供一定借鉴。     

亚热带黑麦草─白三叶草地土壤─牧草中微量元素季节动态及分布规律

本文对亚热带人工草地土壤微量元素Co、Cu、Zn和Cr在速效库内的动态、土壤中全量的动态、牧草中的含量动态，以及各流通库的分布进行研究，探明了上述微量元素在牧草中的季节动态，土─草─畜中的分布特点以及酸性或微酸性土壤中的变化规律。     

青海省蜱类分布及蜱传病的研究现状

蜱除了可以通过刺激性叮咬导致宿主失血、皮肤损伤和生长减慢外,还是人类和动物病原体的重要媒介,可以传播广泛的细菌、原生动物、立克次体和病毒等病原体.蜱传病对畜牧业和公共卫生安全具有严重威胁.尽管近年来我国对于蜱及蜱传病的研究越来越多,但是对于蜱及蜱传病的分布特点缺乏系统的总结.论文对青海省蜱及蜱传病的研究进行归纳总结,以...     

微生物与宿主的体内免疫调节的研究进展

动物体内微生物菌落多样性和专一性不同,微生物菌群沿肠道纵向分布在肠腔、结肠黏液层和结肠隐窝中。宿主在病原体感染和组织受损条件下,可通过感知信号调节免疫应答。研究从免疫方面入手指出2种类型的分子信号可能在细胞内相辅相成,对研究动物机体健康和疾病的关联提供理论依据。     

家禽传染病的流行特点及防控对策

一家禽为什么容易发生传染病？1机体结构决定肺脏小,连接分布于体内的气囊,胸腔和腹腔间没有横隔膜,病原体可沿呼吸道传遍全身。淋巴系统发育不完善,仅有散在的淋巴组织,没有胎盘等屏障作用,病原体易从母体进入卵中。造成垂直传播。产卵要经过泄殖腔,易受泄殖腔内微生物的污染。     

D血清型多杀性巴氏杆菌的鉴定

多杀性巴氏杆菌是农畜巴氏杆菌病的主要病原体。已经确认,自然界流行着这种细菌的四种血清型(A、B、D、E)。患败血病时,分离出的绝大多数巴氏杆菌培养物属于 B 血清型;巴氏杆菌病性肺炎时,除这种血清型以外,也分离出大量的 A 和 D 血清型。为了制订农畜巴氏杆菌病有效的特异性预防法,必须研究不同病程时,在各种动物的病原体,其血清型的分布,用血清学方法对分离     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.