野生软枣猕猴桃组织培养及褐变处理

以野生软枣猕猴桃嫩芽、幼嫩叶片以及茎段作为外植体,研究野生软枣猕猴桃组织培养整个过程,以建立快速高效的野生软枣猕猴桃再生体系。结果表明：最适宜的诱导叶片、茎段愈伤组织的培养基分别为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA和MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;诱导出愈伤组织在MS+0.6 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA培养基上能很好地分化不定芽苗;诱导幼芽产生丛生芽的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;较适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS。愈伤组织继代中发现细胞生长素NAA可以防止愈伤褐化。在愈伤组织分化中,发现将分化出的芽苗再次愈伤化,可以提高分化率。     

木蓝愈伤组织诱导与不定芽分化培养

初步建立了木蓝(Indigofera bungeana Walp.)的离体再生培养体系，为其基因工程育种研究提供前期技术参考。通过种子无菌播种技术获得野生木蓝无菌实生苗，以胚轴、茎段和叶片为外植体，筛选木蓝愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化、增殖、壮苗培养的最适培养基配方。结果显示，木蓝种子无菌播种发芽率达98%，最适培养基为1/2MS。3种外植体在不同培养基下均能诱导出愈伤组织，根据愈伤组织生长及质地色泽筛选出最适诱导培养基，其中，叶片为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA；茎段为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA；胚轴为MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA。相比较叶片和茎段，胚轴来源的愈伤组织适于不定芽分化，最适分化培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA和MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA。不定芽增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA，壮苗和生根的最适...     

栝楼组织培养研究

为解决籽用栝楼高品质种苗的不足,选用无毒、结籽率高并生长健壮的栝楼植株为材料,进行组织快繁。通过对栝楼不同外植体的选取、消毒方法、愈伤组织诱导、丛生芽诱导、继代和试管苗生根等相关条件研究,探讨栝楼组织快繁的技术方法。结果表明：以雌性栝楼4—5 月萌生的栝楼芽适宜做外植体,外植体用75%乙醇30 s,无菌水冲洗3 次,0.31% ClO2处理5 min,无菌水冲洗4~5 次效果好。适宜芽诱导的培养基为MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.3 mg/L NAA;继代培养基为MS+ 0.3 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA和MS+0.4 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.2 mg/L NAA;栝楼根诱导培养基为MS+0.1 mg/L IBA和MS+0.1 mg/L NAA。     

白皮松组织培养研究

为建立高效的再生体系,以白皮松成熟胚,子叶为外植体,经过初代培养和继代增殖培养,研究了不同植物生长调节剂种类及浓度、活性炭、GA3在组培各阶段的作用。结果表明：适合子叶诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+TDZ 0.01 mg/L,适合胚诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;适宜的继代培养基为MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L;以预处理胚（切除下胚轴）为外植体适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L;活性炭对芽增殖无显著作用,随活性炭浓度提高增殖系数有下降趋势;适量的活性炭和GA3可有效促进芽伸长。     

驱蚊香草快繁体系的建立及工厂化育苗主要影响因素研究

以驱蚊香草的幼嫩叶片作外植体,在含不同激素的不同培养基上进行丛生芽的诱导、芽的继代增殖、芽生根与移栽研究,以快速获得再生植株。结果表明,丛生芽诱导培养基以MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L较好,诱导率为96%;增殖培养基以MS（B5）+6-BA0.5mg/L +NAA0.1mg/L较好,增殖系数达8倍以上,且增殖芽生长好;壮苗培养基为MS（B5）+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L为好;生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA0.1 mg/L和MS+IBA0.2 mg/L为最佳,生根率达100%,幼苗生长势旺。影响工厂化育苗的主要因素有激素浓度、继代次数和移栽管理     

铁皮石斛组织培养及快繁技术研究

为建立铁皮石斛快繁技术体系,给生产提供参考,研究了铁皮石斛组织培养过程中的灭菌方法、腋芽诱导、原球茎的诱导、增殖与分化的最佳培养基配方。以铁皮石斛成熟茎段为外植体,探讨1/2MS培养基或MS培养基中添加不同浓度的激素对铁皮石斛组织培养过程中各生长、分化阶段的影响。研究表明,腋芽诱导最适宜培养基的配方为MS+ 6-BA 2.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L,诱导率达91.28%,平均芽数达2.34;原球茎诱导的最适宜培养基为1/2MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L,诱导率可达66.67%;原球茎增殖最佳培养基为1/2MS+ 6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,原球茎分化最适宜培养基为1/2MS+ NAA 1.0 mg/L+ 6-BA 3.0 mg/L+ KT 1.0 mg/L,最适宜生根的培养基配方为1/2MS+NAA 2.0 mg/L+ AC 0.5 g/L。     

腊花组培快繁体系研究

为探讨最适初代诱导、增殖继代生根的培养基配方,建立腊花的组织培养技术体系,以腊花嫩茎尖为实验材料,采用MS培养基,向培养基中添加不同配比组合的KT和NAA,对腊花进行初代诱导培养;设置6-BA和NAA不同激素浓度组合进行增殖培养;选用1/2MS培养基为腊花生根培养的基础培养基,添加IBA不同浓度配比培养实验。最佳初代诱芽培养基为MS+ KT 3.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.2 mg/L+琼脂6.2 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L,pH 5.8,诱导率达88.8%。最佳增殖培养基为MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L+ 琼脂6.2 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L,pH 5.8,增殖系数为3.6。最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+ IBA 0.6 mg/L+琼脂6.2 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L+0.1 g/L活性炭,pH 5.8,生根率100%。     

铁皮石斛与钩状石斛杂交及种子无菌播种快繁研究

以铁皮石斛和钩状石斛为研究对象,通过人工辅助杂交获得杂交种子,诱导种子离体萌发,开展无菌播种技术研究.结果表明,铁皮石斛与钩状石斛杂交容易成功,杂交坐果率可达到80％;适宜的种子萌发培养基为MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,培养30 d时的萌发率为89.7％;培养基MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+ NAA0.1 mg/L+香蕉100 g/L+ AC 1.0 mg/L对原球茎的增殖最好;培养基MS+ 6-BA 1.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.1mg/L+马铃薯200 g/L+ AC 1.0 g/L对原球茎的分化最好;壮苗生根培养基配方为1/2 MS+ NAA 0.6 mg/L+香蕉100 g/L+AC 1.0 g/L,植株生长健壮,生根率100％,移栽成活率达95％以上.     

颐和园古桑树的组织培养与快速繁殖

以北京颐和园古桑树为外植体进行组织培养,取桑树当年新生嫩茎切段为外植体进行,其中不定芽启动培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+PVP 0.2 g/L;将无菌苗接到最适分化培养基MS+ 6-BA 0.8 mg/L +NAA 0.1 mg/L +PVP 0.2 g/L上,组培苗分化率高;不定根最适诱导培养基为：1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L +PVP 0.2 g/L,生根率达100%。组培苗移栽成活率达95%。     

植物生长调节剂对草石蚕愈伤组织和不定芽诱导的影响

以草石蚕叶片和茎段为外植体,研究植物生长调节剂对草石蚕愈伤组织和不定芽诱导的影响,筛选愈伤组织及不定芽诱导的适宜培养基配方。结果表明,茎段在MS+NAA0.6mg·L^-1+6-BA6mg·L^-1培养基上愈伤组织诱导率和干重最高,分别为96.25%和0.027g;叶片在MS+NAA0.6mg·L^-1+6-BA6mg·L^-1培养基上愈伤组织诱导率、干重和鲜重均最大,分别为97.5%、0.647g和0.132g;在MS+NAA0.1mg·L^-1+6-BA6mg·L^-1+GA33mg·L^-1培养基上愈伤组织分化不定芽率最高,为76.67%;分化芽数最多的是MS+NAA0.1mg·L^-1+6-BA4mg·L^-1+GA32mg·L^-1培养基,其芽数为13.25个。     

The Application of the Nehari Arguments to the Problems of the Existence about the Minimal Periodic Solutions of the Hamiltonian Systems

Using the Nehari argument about the constrained extreme values and the theorem that the functional defined on complete Finsler manifold and satisfying the Palais-Smale condition and having lower bound has a minimal value point,we study the existence of the minimal periodic solutions for nonconvex quadratic and superquadratic second order Hamiltonian systems.     

优化石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定梨中重金属元素

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定梨中的Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn元素。通过试验对实验参数进行了优化。在测定镉和铅时以NH4H2PO4为基体改进剂,提高了测定的灰化温度,消除了基体干扰。试验研究了灰化温度和原子化温度对吸光值的影响,试验结果表明,测定Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn元素的最佳条件为:灰化温度分别为500,300,700,900℃,原子化温度分别为2 400,1 600,2 300,2 300℃。在常压微沸下,采用HNO3—H2SO4(体积比5∶1)混酸消解梨样品。在最佳测定条件下,测得梨中的Cu,Cd,Pb,Mn含量分别为(1.264±0.135),(0.441±0.008),(0.048±0.001),(3.310±0.046)mg/kg,方法的加标回收率为96.0%~103.9%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.28%~3.05%(n=8)。试验结果令人满意,测定方法简便、快速、灵敏度高。     

基于介电特性在农产品品质无损检测中的应用研究

近年来,随着人们对农产品品质的重视,关于农产品品质的无损检测新技术研究尤为迫切。主要从介电特性的基本原理、主要的测定方法、影响介电特性的主要因素3个主要方面进行了介绍,详细了解该方法在农产品无损检测中的最新应用,并为新技术在新疆特色农产品品质检测的应用提供理论依据。     

Investigation of the action of the X locus in the tomato

Summary The action of the X locus in the tomato was explored by studying meiotic behavior, pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and fertilization capability. Normal meiosis was observed suggesting no x meiotic lethality. Percent germination showed much variation from test to test depending on size of population. X and x pollen from homozygous sources showed no differences in pollen tube growth capability or fertilization capability. Pollen from the F₁ plant had a lower mean pollen tube length than either X and x pollen. Using F₁ pollen in backcrosses to the recessive parent resulted in deviations from expected segregation ratios for characters linked to x.Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Article No. 5374.     

外源氮素对叶菜硝酸盐含量影响的研究

蔬菜增施N素营养,有利于产量的提高,但同时也增加了硝酸盐在蔬菜体内的积累;蔬菜种类不同,硝酸盐的转化与累积是不同的,即使在蔬菜停止生长之时,体内硝酸盐也在发生着变化。     

从现代农业看烟叶生产的可持续发展

为了促进烟叶生产的可持续发展,加快烟草产业现代化步伐,笔者结合济源市烟叶生产实际,通过长期的深入实际的大量调查研究,运用现代农业的标准,分析和研究了济源烟叶生产可持续发展存在的问题,提出了烟叶生产可持续发展的建议:一是以烟田基础设施建设和机械化推进为重点,用现代设施装备武装烟叶生产,烟田作业机械化率达到90%;二是加快先进技术的推广应用,烟叶生产的科技贡献率达到60%以上;三是以发展适度规模经营、加快专业化生产和社会化服务为主要内容,用现代化的组织经营形式发展烟叶生产;四是加强烟草队伍建设,培育新型烟农,为发展现代烟叶生产提供坚强的技术支撑,五是从烟叶收购办法、收购机制和烟叶税收返还等方面,修改和完善烟叶政策,为烟草生产的可持续发展提供强大的政策支持。     

Amelioration of the Logit Model and the solution of the Traffic Assignment Problem

Resolving traffic assignment problems with a logit model will result in some error because of the correlation of the trip cost and the flux, whereas the application of the random equilibrium assignment model is confined for its complex arithmetic. An amelioration of the logit model and a step by step arithmetic are implemented. The improved model is simple, rational and easily resoluted and the relationship of the trip cost and flux is also considered, therefore, it is applicable for the congested assignment problem and possesses widely applying prosperity.     

Contracts of risk sharing of the enterprise, the employee and the dealer

The output of the enterprise changes with the change of natural states, therefore it brings relatively great risk to enterprise. The enterprise hopes to reduce the same kind of risk through more contracts than one kind of contract of risk sharing. This paper presents a new method to disperse the same kind of risk in two kinds of ways. Basing on principal-agent theory, through the optimum contract of risk sharing, the Pareto-optimum solving is solved-the optimum contract of risk sharing. The employee shares some risks through the optimum contract of risk sharing between the enterprise and the employee-when the output is high, the employee's income increases; when the output is low, the income decreases. In order to reduce the risk of the enterprise further, the dealer also shares the risk. To maximize the utility of the enterprise, the Pareto optimum solving is given-another optimum contract of risk. The dealer offers following contract of risk sharing to the enterprise-when the output is high, the dealer receives the repayment; when the output is low, the enterprise is compensated. The enterprise, the employee and the dealer share the risk together, thus the risk of the enterprise is reduced to relatively great degree.     

芸薹素对超甜玉米萌发和幼苗生长的效应

在较低温度(18士1℃)条件下,超甜玉米用芸薹素内酯(BR)浸种处理24h,可以显著提高种子的淀粉酶活性,对幼苗的可溶性糖含量及根系活力有明显的促进效果,从而提高了种子的发芽率,促进了幼苗的生长,使苗高、第二叶的长度和幼苗干物质重均较对照明显增加.