日本松材线虫病的危害与治理研究进展

松材线虫是日本的外来入侵物种,同时也是松材线虫病的病原体,该生态病害已摧毁了日本大部分地区的松林,并且具有不可知的耐药性.该文综述了日本松材线虫病的危害与治理研究进展,主要包括日本松材线虫病的危害、发生范围,松材线虫病的病原体与媒介昆虫及其关系,松材线虫病的防控等,为我国有效治理松材线虫病提供参考和借鉴.     

气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响研究

引入典范对应分析方法,研究了气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响。结果表明,不同的气象因子对松材线虫病的影响大小不同,并且在不同的松材线虫病侵染阶段也有差异。年平均风速以及与其相关的年蒸发量和相对湿度是影响定海区松材线虫病发病面积的最主要因素;年平均气温是影响定海区松材线虫病发病密度最主要的因素;冬春季降水过多会导致松材线虫病疫情严重,而6月份降水量越大,松材线虫病疫情越轻;相对湿度也是松材线虫病疫情的一个较重要影响因素,主要表现在3-5月份,与疫情轻重程度呈正相关。     

日本松材线虫病治理技术考察

日本是世界上松材线虫发生最早、受害损失最严重的国家，也是对松材线虫研究最深入、控制经验最丰富、治理技术最先进的国家。通过对该国多个林木育种中心、森林综合研究所及基层森林经营管理机构、生产者等的访问交流和实地考察，较系统地介绍了松材线虫病在日本的发生危害、研究现状和实用控制技术，提出了有效预防、治理松材线虫病的措施和方法。     

松材线虫病在我国适生性分布的定量估计

在前人对影响松材线虫以及媒介昆虫生长发育因素研究的基础上,应用模糊综合评判、地理信息系统、地统计学等理论与方法,综合分析影响松材线虫病定殖的4个基本条件(即寄主植物、松材线虫病原、媒介昆虫和环境条件),直观、定量和较为准确地获得松材线虫病在我国的潜在适生分布范围以及在云南省具体的潜在分布区域.研究可为我国松材线虫病检疫及其防治决策的制定提供科学依据.     

世界松材线虫病发生概况及防治措施

松材线虫病是一种毁灭性的松树病害,传播蔓延迅速,寄主植物分布广,导致树木快速死亡,对发生区的松林生态系统可造成巨大的破坏并造成严重经济损失,成为各国高度重视的植物检疫对象.目前,该病致病机理存在争议,在防控研究方面进展较为缓慢.笔者对美国、加拿大、墨西哥、日本、韩国、葡萄牙、西班牙和中国松材线虫病的发生历史、现况及防治措施等进行了综述,希望对我国松材线虫病防治和检疫工作有所指导和参考.     

树干注药技术预防松材线虫病的效果评价

松材线虫病是松林的毁灭性病害,过去几十年已在日本、韩国及中国等东亚国家迅速传播扩散.加强对非疫区的监测与保护是目前关注的重点,利用1％阿维菌素微囊悬浮剂对马尾松进行树干注药以预防松材线虫病,研究结果表明,树干注药处理区的枯死松树要显著少于不实施注干的对照区,且处理区内枯死松树比率不超过2％.因此,通过树干注药技术施用1％阿维菌素微囊悬浮剂对预防松材线虫病能起到显著效果.     

日本松材线虫病发生与防治及对我国的启示

日本是松材线虫病发生最早、受害损失最严重的国家,经过多年坚持不懈的防治实践,积累了许多成功的经验和做法,对我国松材线虫病的预防和除治工作具有重要的启示。日本在全国分区域选育并大力推广应用抗松材线虫病苗木和大量使用低毒性化学杀虫剂杀灭天牛成虫的防治技术尤其值得我国借鉴。     

日本松材线虫病防治技术及我省防治对策

通过对日本国松材线虫病的实地考察 ,介绍该国松材线虫病的发生、除治情况和防治技术研究进展 ,并提出观感与目前我省的防灾对策     

松材线虫病及传播媒介松褐天牛——防治病虫害系列科普文章之二

松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性流行病,为国际国内重要的林业检疫性有害生物,属于危及国家生态安全的重大疫情. 1982年,在江苏南京首次发现松材线虫病,以后在我国境内不断扩散蔓延,相继在江苏、安徽等17个省(自治区、直辖市)发生.广西先后出现了10多个松材线虫病疫点,已造成巨大损失.外来人侵生物松材线虫与本土蛀干害虫松褐天牛的相互适应,导致我国松材线虫病特别严重.     

日本松材线虫病研究的最新动向

该文重点对近2a日本松材线虫病的研究文献进行整理分析。目前松材线虫病的研究仍是日本国森林病虫害的主要研究课题。在松树的抗（感）病机理、线虫在树体内的活动与增殖规律、线虫与天牛的关系、生物防治以及新技术在研究中的应用等方面取得较大进展。     

Research Advances in Interplay of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Other Key Biological Factors Related to Pine Wilt Disease

Pine wilt disease is fatal to pine trees, which has become the most dangerous biological disaster in forest historically (Chai Ximin et al. 2003; Yang Baojun et al. 2003; Zhang Xingyao et al. 2003). The outbreak and epidemic of pine wilt disease relate closely to host trees, insect vector and symbiotic microorganisms, and its pathogenic mechanism is not clear so far (Tominaga et al. 1984; Ishikawa et al. 1986; Shuto et al. 1987; Stamps et al. 1998a; Cheng yuexin et al. 2005; Tan Jiajin et …     

Pine wilt disease: a short review of worldwide research

This article summarizes the results of the research papers presented at the International Symposium on pine wilt disease (IUFRO Working Party Meeting 4.04.03) held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The general topics covered were on pine wilt disease (PWD), its causal organism, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plus other PWN-associated microorganisms that play a significant role in PWD such as bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens). Most of the papers that are reviewed are based on work on PWD-PWN in East Asia and Russia. Specific topics covered include: 1) the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2) pathogenicity, 3) host-parasite relationships including the histopathology of diseased conifers and the role of toxins from bacteria-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4) PWN life cycle and transmission, 5) B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6) associations (with other nematodes), 7) diagnostics, 8) quarantine and control of the PWN and 9) biocontrol of the PWN.     

松材线虫病生物防治研究进展

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus是外来入侵生物,主要依靠媒介昆虫的携带在自然界中扩散传播。目前松材线虫病的生物防治研究主要集中在对松材线虫本身及其传播媒介——松墨天牛的控制两方面。本文对国内外松材线虫病的生物防治方法研究做了总结。     

Relationship between the incidence of pine wilt disease and the drainage area

We examined the relationship between the incidence of pine wilt disease and moisture conditions in the stand level ofPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. forests in the warm-temperate zone of the western part of Japan. For this analysis, pine trees killed by pine wilt disease were distinguished from the suppressed trees by their position in the layer of the pine forest stand. The drainage area, which is small in the upper part and large in the lower part of the slope, was adopted for representing the moisture conditions in the soil of the slope. The percentage of the pine trees killed by pine wilt disease increased as the size of the drainage area increased. This result suggested that the incidence of pine wilt disease tended to be high in areas with moist conditions. Pine trees attacked by the pinewood nematode die from extensive water deficit due to tracheid cavitations. Pine wilt disease mainly emerges in the summer when the soil water conditions become especially severe, and the radical water stress is thought to accelerate the disease. It was assumed that pine trees in the plots with the small drainage area resisted the influence of the attack of the pinewood nematode because pine trees in the plots with the small drainage area encountered long-term water stress and acquired drought tolerance. Pine trees in the plots with the large drainage area were presumed to be well established in the moist conditions and not to have acquired drought tolerance. The drought tolerance of pine trees was thought to be an important factor in resistance to pine wilt disease.     

重灾区松材线虫病的治理试验

松材线虫病近距离传播是由松褐天牛自然扩散完成的。通过人工清理病死木结合化学防治,在中心疫区保住了1块松林。实践证明,人工清理后通过有效保护措施,能够控制松材线虫病。     

江西省松材线虫病的风险分析与防控研究

通过对松材线虫病在江西省内发生状况、松材线虫病对江西林业生产和生态环境潜在的危害性、松材线虫寄主植物的分布和经济重要性、松材线虫的传播媒介和扩散的途径、以及松材线虫病风险管理难度的分析,进而对松材线虫病在江西的传播和扩散风险进行评估,并提出江西松材线虫病防控的策略,供江西有关林业部门参考。     

Effect of aerial insecticide spraying on pine wilt disease in central Japan

To clarify the effect of aerial insecticide spraying on pine wilt disease, pine wilt disease impacts was surveyed in pine stands and the damage evaluated using a logistic model. Eleven quadrats were established randomly in stands with or without aerial spraying. Aerial spraying alone did not entirely prevent the disease. Average annual mortality was lower in stands with aerial spraying than in stands without aerial spraying. Aerial spraying slowed the progress of pine wilt disease, as measured by the disease progress index. The biomass of live pine trees decreased with increased damage in stands without aerial spraying, whereas biomass was maintained in stands with aerial spraying. However, the relative basal area showed that succession of pine forests to forests dominated by other species was accelerated even in stands with aerial insecticide spraying.     

刍议枯死松树的天空地协同监测技术体系建设

枯死松树及时精准监测是做好松材线虫病防治的基础,传统人工线路踏查难以保证全覆盖和高时效。高空间分辨率的航空和航天遥感技术可以快速采集区域级地表覆盖数据,获取单木与树丛级森林资源健康状态信息,服务于枯死松树监测;地面调查是航天和航空遥感技术应用不可或缺的组成部分,是实现对松材线虫病疫情遥感监测必不可少的工序。枯死松树的天空地协同监测技术体系的建立,以及天空地遥感技术互为补充的集成运用,是提高松材线虫病监测调查工作实时性、客观性和科学性的重要保障,不仅可为精准监管森林资源提供相应解决方案,也是完善和丰富现有松材线虫病监测普查体系、实现松材线虫病疫情早期发现以及疫情处置监管的有效途径。     

湖南省松材线虫病的预警及防控措施

该文分析了湖南省松材线虫病的发生背景,介绍了湖南省松材线虫病监测预警的方法和防控措施,并从实际出发对松材线虫病防治提出了建议.