我国鱼糜制品现状及发展态势

<正>鱼糜制品在食品工业中应用广泛,既可以作为食品制造业的原料辅料,也可以作为餐饮业直接加工的食品原料。近年来,随着我国渔业和加工技术的发展,我国的鱼糜制品行业取得了长足进展,由过去生产鱿鱼丸、虾丸等单一品种,发展到机械化生产一系列新型高档次的鱼糜制品和冷冻调理食品,如鱼香肠、鱼肉香肠、模拟蟹肉、模拟虾肉、模拟贝柱、鱼糕、竹轮等鱼糜制品。由于中国鱼糜制品     

我国最大鱼糜专业组织在厦门成立

<正>5月23日,中国水产流通与加工协会鱼糜及其制品分会成立大会在福建省厦门市举行。农业部渔业渔政管理局副局长李彦亮到会指导,中国水产流通与加工协会秘书长崔和宣读了农业部、民政部批准成立文件。近几年,我国鱼糜及其制品产业发展迅速,市场规模不断扩大,中高端企业已经建立起市场知名度和美誉度,鱼糜制品正逐步走向生产销售规模化,产品品质化、中高端化。国内现有的鱼糜制品生产厂家已发展到400余家,鱼糜原料生产厂家约50余家。据估计,2013年鱼糜及其制品行业产值规模超过200亿元。随着我国鱼糜及其制品行业规模的不断扩大,行业管理尚须规范,生产     

我国鱼糜及其制品年产值超200亿 中国水产流通与加工协会鱼糜及其制品分会成立大会暨首届鱼糜产业发展研讨会在厦门召开

<正>5月23日,由中国水产流通与加工协会主办、福建安井食品股份有限公司承办的"中国水产流通与加工协会鱼糜及其制品分会成立大会暨首届鱼糜产业发展研讨会"在福建省厦门国际会展中心召开。会议透露,2013年我国鱼糜及其制品行业产值规模已超过200亿元,行业发展趋势具有多元化的特征。鱼糜及其制品产值超200亿近几年,我国鱼糜制品产业发展迅速,市场规模不断扩大,中高端企业已经建立起市场知名度和美誉度,鱼糜制品正逐步走向生产销售规模化,产     

添加小麦蛋白对马面鲀鱼糜凝胶强度影响的研究

<正> 自从60年代初日本的西谷等人开发冷冻鱼糜制造技术以来,鱼糜制品在日本得到了很大的发展。目前日本冷冻鱼糜年产量100万吨左右,鱼肉香肠、鱼肉火腿年产量10万吨左右。近年来,鱼糜制品技术日益引起世界各国的重视,美国、欧洲和亚洲的泰国、南朝鲜,我国台湾等都在研究开发鱼糜制品。鱼肉火腿,鱼肉香肠作为鱼糜制品中的     

新型鱼糜加工机械介绍

近年来，鱼糜制品(鱼丸、鱼糕、鱼肉香肠、鱼卷、鱼饼等)已成为家庭和宾馆饭店的餐桌上人们最喜爱的水产食品之一。目前，日本在鱼糜制品的生产和消费上都处于世界领先地位。在我国，鱼糜制品的生产也随着鱼糜制品消费市场的不断扩大，逐渐由家庭作坊式走向工厂化生产。     

冷冻鱼糜的制造

鱼糜制品是日本的传统食品，据统计日本1980年生产冷冻鱼糜36万吨，其中有95％是以狭鳕为原料，而以冷冻鱼糜作为原料加工制造成的各种鱼糜制品，1980年产量达91万吨，成为日本水产品加工中数量最多的产品。在我国虽然已经开始生产鱼糜制品，但是其原料主要是低值小杂鱼，而且是把采取的鱼肉直接用做鱼糜制品的原料，没有进行水洗处理，更没有采用以冷冻鱼糜为原料。     

鱼糜凝胶过程及影响因素

鱼糜制品在我国、日本以及韩国都有很长的历史,由于它是一种高蛋白质、低胆固醇、低热、低盐食品,所以日益受到消费者的欢迎。鱼糜制品要求有良好的弹性、风味、色泽,其中最主要的是弹性。鱼糜制品的弹性是硬度、伸缩性以及粘性的综合体现,主要取决于鱼糜中蛋白质胶凝的情况。凝胶化是鱼糜制品的技术关键,只有经过充分凝胶化的鱼糜制品才富有弹性,有良好的口感,因此探讨鱼糜凝胶机理对于鱼糜制品的生产有着极其重要的指导意义。一、鱼鹰的制作过程原料鱼十预处理～清洗～采肉十漂洗一脱水～绞肉十精滤十擂清一成型～凝胶一加热十包装…     

关于日本鱼糜制品生产

日本是个渔业经济大斟，有着丰富的渔业资源及先进的鱼品加工技术。特别在鱼糜制品的生产方面，历史悠久，品种多样，历来是日本人民喜爱的传统食品之一。日本的鱼糜制品生产不论在工艺流程，或是生产设备及检测手段等方面，都比我国同行业先进得多，不少技术经验值得我们学习、借鉴。现将日本鱼糜制品生产的原料、工艺、设备及产品作简略介绍。     

鱼糜制品加工技术

鱼糜生产具有原料来源广泛，不受鱼体大小和种类的限制等优点，适合于广大渔区（尤其是沿海地区）、城市生产。我国从事鱼糜制品生产有着悠入的历史，在市场上销售的鱼园（丸）、鱼丝（面）、鱼卷、鱼糕、鱼香肠等许多品种，都深受消费者的欢迎。发展鱼糜生产不仅食用方便，也能充分利用资源提高蛋白质的利用率，促进相关的鱼粉、饲料、鱼油加工业的发展，所以鱼糜制品在国内外都是一种被重视和有发展前途的制品。鱼糜制品的原料主料：鲜度高的青、草、鲢、媚、鲤、乌鱼及各种小杂鱼等。辅助材料：清水、油脂、调味料（如味精、食盐、黄酒、…     

植物蛋白质作为鱼糜制品副原料的技术探讨

当前,我国各地区的鱼糜制品生产,由于受原料价格高的限制,显得越来越不景气,不少厂家不得不采取多加淀粉、减少鱼糜漂洗次数,甚至不漂洗等措施来降低产品成本,在目前情况下,仅采取上述措施仍然存在价格高、效益差,而使鱼糜制品生产处于不饱和或停产状态。因此,能否在保证产品营养价值和质量     

Algal biomass accrual in relation to nutrient availability and limitation along a longitudinal gradient of a karst riverine system

Textural property of surimi products is a prime factor in determining the acceptability of consumer as well as market value. Gelatin is one of the most popular biopolymers widely used in food industry as gelling agent with the unique textural properties. Therefore, the addition of gelatin along with the use of protein cross-linkers could be a means to modify the texture of surimi gel, which can fit the demand of consumers. Surimi from the threadfin bream (Nemipterus bleekeri) was added with bovine gelatin (BG) and bovine/fish gelatin mix (BFGM; 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 4:1, and 1:4) at 10% protein substitution in combination with and without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at 1.2 units/g surimi. Textural properties, whiteness, expressible moisture content, protein pattern, and microstructure and sensory properties of gels were determined. When MTGase at 1.2 units/g surimi was incorporated, the increases in breaking force and deformation were noticeable in both surimi gels, with and without 10% BG added ( p < 0.05). On the other hand, surimi gels added with BFGM at all bovine/fish gelatin ratios had the higher breaking force and deformation, compared with that added with BG, when MTGase was incorporated. Addition of BG or BFGM lowered the expressible moisture content and whiteness of surimi gel ( p < 0.05). Based on SDS-PAGE, band intensity of myosin heavy chain and actin of surimi gel decreased when surimi gel was added with all gelatins, regardless of MTGase addition. The microstructure study revealed that surimi gel network became finer and denser with the addition of MTGase (1.2 units/g surimi), but the coarser and irregular structure was obtained when gelatin was incorporated. Gelatin, especially bovine/fish gelatin mix, at an appropriate level could be used as the protein additive in surumi gel in conjunction with MTGase in order to improve the textural and nutritive properties of the products.     

Stabilizing effect of Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript> on myosin and myofibrils of squid mantle muscle as affected by heating conditions

The suppressive effects of Ca²⁺ on the thermal denaturation of myosin and myofibrils of squid mantle muscle were compared. The stabilization effect on myosin was smaller than that on myofibrils and was not affected by KCl concentration. The stabilizing effect of Ca²⁺ on myosin decreased as the heating temperature dropped, showing no stabilization at 20°C, while the effect on myofibrils was the same at all temperatures tested. The stabilizing effect of Ca²⁺ on myosin disappeared even at 30°C in the presence of sorbitol, where a small inactivation rate was found, while the effect of Ca²⁺ on myofibrils was equally detected irrespective of the reduction in inactivation rate in the presence of sorbitol. Stabilization of myosin by Ca²⁺ again appeared even in the presence of sorbitol when the heating temperature was raised to 38°C. It was suggested that Ca²⁺ confers stabilization on myosin only when myosin is under unstable conditions. The stabilization effect of Ca²⁺ on myosin was enhanced upon F-actin binding: Ca²⁺-bound myosin was more significantly stabilized by F-actin binding, and the effect was no longer affected by the conditions for heating.     

Improved solubility and stability of carp myosin by conjugation with alginate oligosaccharide

ABSTRACT:   Carp myosin was conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO) through the Maillard reaction under low relative humidity, and the functional properties of the myosin-AO conjugate were investigated to clarify the role of myosin in the functional improvement of fish myofibrillar proteins (Mf) by the glycosylation. The findings were as follows. First, myosin became highly solubilized at lower NaCl concentrations by conjugation with AO and NaCl-dependence of the solubility was lost when > 12% of the available lysine residues were reacted with AO and 50 µg/mg of AO was attached to myosin. Second, the thermal stability of myosin was effectively improved by conjugation with AO. Heat-treatment at 50°C for 6 h has no effect on the solubility of the myosin-AO conjugate regardless of the NaCl concentration. Third, the improved functionalities of myosin conjugated with AO remained even at a nearly isoelectric point. The improving effect of AO-conjugation on the characteristics of myosin was almost the same as Mf reacted with AO. Therefore, it is apparent that that improved functionalities of the glycosylated Mf reflect the functional changes of myosin.     

Extraction Optimization and Characterization of Gelatin from Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther) Skin

Half-smooth tongue sole is a popular warm-water fish, and its skin may be an available resource for gelatin extraction. Response surface method was used to optimize the extraction of gelatin from the fish skin. The most suitable conditions for maximum gelatin yield (24.2%) were pretreatment with 1.9 g/L NaOH, followed by hot water extraction at 63.54ºC for 4.81 h. The obtained gelatin had a high imino acid content (185 residues/1,000 residues), with a high content of crude protein and low levels of ash, fat, and moisture. The predominant sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis bands revealed that the gelatin contained low-molecular-weight peptides, α-, β-, and γ chains. As compared with bovine gelatin, the fish skin gelatin solution had lower values of strength and clarity and higher levels of L* and viscosity. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that gel from the gelatin had four amide bands (amide A, amide I, amide II, and amide III) similar to commercial gelatin. The results suggest that half-smooth tongue sole skin could be a promising source of gelatin in view of the comparability between its gelatin and commercial gelatin in physicochemical properties.     

淡水鱼鱼糜性质研究

采用清水漂洗、盐水漂洗和碱水漂洗、钙离子、热处理方法对草鱼、白鲢鱼糜进行试验,阐明诸因素对草鱼、白鲢鱼糜凝胶性能的影响,为生产鱼糜制品提供合理的工艺参数、研究表明,草鱼2次清水与1次盐水漂洗凝胶性能较好,鲢鱼鱼糜的最佳钙离子质量分数为0 5%。     

罗非鱼皮明胶的脱腥方法及理化性质

以罗非鱼鱼皮明胶为原料,通过感官评定比较活性炭吸附法、酵母菌发酵法及乳酸菌发酵法的去腥效果,从中筛选出适宜的脱腥方法;采用正交试验探讨不同的脱腥条件对明胶溶液透明度及腥味感官评分值的影响。同时对经脱腥处理后的明胶进行理化性质分析,并利用同时蒸馏萃取与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术测定其挥发性成分,为工业化制备无腥味罗非鱼皮明胶提供理论依据。结果表明:活性炭吸附法、酵母菌发酵法及乳酸菌发酵法均对明胶溶液具有脱腥作用,它们之间的脱腥效果差异显著(P(0.05),其中以活性炭吸附法脱腥效果最好。正交试验确定的活性炭吸附脱腥的适宜条件为添加1.5%(w/v)活性炭到5%(w/v)明胶溶液中,40℃吸附30min。经脱腥处理后制得的明胶无腥味,粗蛋白含量为91.3%,凝胶强度高达301g,透明度增加,水不溶物减少;GC-MS分析结果显示,明胶溶液脱腥前检出的挥发性成分有33种,其中大部分是酯类物质,其次是醇类、酮类和烯类等物质,明胶溶液脱腥后检出的挥发性成分有26种,种类及相对含量比脱腥前的少,减少的主要是烯类和酮类物质。研究表明,活性炭吸附法能有效去除明胶的腥味,改善其理化性质,可应用于工业化生产无腥味罗非鱼皮...     

鱼皮明胶蛋白膜的制备及其热稳定性

利用鲨鱼皮明胶制备蛋白可食膜,测定了成膜液蛋白浓度、甘油含量对明胶蛋白膜理化性质的影响,以及环境湿度对膜热稳定性的影响.结果发现,利用鲨鱼皮明胶可以制备成无色透明的蛋白可食膜,成膜液蛋白浓度对明胶蛋白膜的断裂延伸率(EAB)、水蒸气透过率(WVP)以及透明度值有一定的影响,对拉伸强度(TS)没有发生显著影响,但甘油含量从10％增加到70％时蛋白膜的TS逐渐降低.利用DSC对膜的热稳定性进行分析,结果表明当水分活度(Aw) ＜0.33时,明胶蛋白膜在常温下可以处于玻璃态,机械性质能够保持稳定.然而,当Aw超过0.44后,膜的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)起始点低于25℃,膜的EAB上升,TS出现显著下降.当Aw达到0.92时,膜甚至开始溶解变成溶胶.因此,利用鲨鱼皮制备的明胶蛋白膜只适合在Aw小于0.44的干燥环境中应用.     

The Effects of Grass Carp Skin Gelatin and Whey Protein Interactions on Rheological and Textural Properties and Nanostructure

The physical properties and nanostructure of fish skin gelatin with and without whey protein isolate (WPI) were investigated. The addition of low concentrations of WPI (1 and 3%, w/v) into fish gelatin decreased the gel strength and textural properties. The addition of 5% WPI did not significantly influence textural properties but increased the melting and gelling temperatures of fish skin gelatin and improved the appearance of gelatin gels. X-ray diffraction indicated that a higher degree of crystallinity with an ordered structure or ordered structure snippets occurred with increasing WPI concentrations in line with the slight decrease in the loss factor (tan δ) with time sweeps. Fish gelatin had a spherical nanostructure, and a homogeneous nanostructure was observed in gelatin with 3% WPI. The addition of 5% WPI led to large aggregates in gelatin gels. The results indicated that whey protein could affect the nanostructure of fish skin gelatin gels and thus change their gelation properties and texture in food and pharmaceutical applications.     

Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of Gelatin Extracted from Scales of Seabass (Lates calcarifer) and Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) in Vietnam

In this study, gelatin was obtained from the scales of seabass (Lates calcarifer) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) collected in Vietnam by using Alcalase® 2.4 L FG for pretreatment and electrochemically activated water with pH 2.0–2.5 for extraction. The characteristics and physicochemical properties of gelatin were investigated. The results indicated that the gelatin had a high protein content (88.6–90.0%) with ash (1.43–1.55%) and no fat. The gelatin was identified as type A due to its pH value. The yields of gelatin were 14.1–15.2%. The gel strength and melting point were 270.3 g and 26.7°C, respectively, for gelatin from seabass scales and 249.1 g and 25.9°C, respectively, for samples from grey mullet scales. In contrast, the viscosities of gelatin were found to be 6.97 cP for seabass and 8.73 cP for grey mullet. Both gelatins contained α-chain and β-chain as the major components. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that the triple helical structure in collagen was almost transformed to the random coil structure in gelatin. The proportion of imino acids was high (197–205 residues/1,000 residues). So, gelatin from seabass and grey mullet scales could be used as a potential replacement for mammalian gelatin.     

脱钙罗非鱼鱼鳞明胶提取工艺优化及其理化性质

文章以罗非鱼（Oreochromisnilotica）鱼鳞为原料,经乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA—Na,）脱钙处理后采用酸法提取明胶。根据中心组合试验设计（centercombination of experimental design,CCD）原理展开试验,考察提取时间（h,X,）、提取温度（℃,X2）、浸酸时问（h,X1）和柠檬酸质量浓度（g·L-1,X）对明胶得率（％,y）的影响,并对所得明胶的理化性质与牛骨明胶进行比较。响应面分析结果表明,提取温度、提取时间和浸酸时问与明胶得率之间具有显著相关性;优化的提取条件为提取温度65℃、提取时间3．6h、柠檬酸质量浓度200g·L-1、浸酸时间11．3h。在此条件下的明胶得率为28．4％,与预测值30．1％相近。制得的鱼鳞明胶粗蛋白含量为89．9％,氨基酸组成中每1000总氨基酸残基中甘氨酸为352个,亚氨基酸（脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸）173个;凝胶强度高达245Bloom（g）,熔点为27．0℃,而比浓对数粘度及成胶质量浓度分别为0．030L·g-1。和8．0g·L-1。