复合酶法制备早籼米多孔淀粉的工艺条件

以早籼米淀粉为原料,探讨了复合酶法制备多孔淀粉的工艺条件。在适宜条件下用一定比例的α 淀粉酶与糖化酶复合酶水解早籼米淀粉,以形成多孔淀粉。主要考查了温度、ｐＨ值、时间、酶用量和复合酶比对多孔淀粉得率、吸水率和吸附色素能力的影响。研究表明,针对多孔淀粉的得率、吸水率和对胭脂红吸附量3个指标,其最佳工艺条件不一致,以吸水率最佳为标准,最佳制备条件为温度55℃,pH 4.0,时间16 h,α 淀粉酶与糖化酶体积比1∶3,酶活分别为14.00 KNU/g和90.00 AGU/g。在此条件下经两次验证,多孔淀粉的得率分别为41.07％和43.37％,吸水率分别为148.03％和15561％,对胭脂红的吸附量分别为9.37 mg/g和9.38 mg/g。     

月桂酸对小麦淀粉凝胶回生特性的影响

为了解月桂酸对小麦淀粉凝胶回生特性的影响,利用X射线衍射仪和差示扫描量热仪研究了月桂酸对小麦淀粉凝胶晶体结构和热特性的影响。结果表明,月桂酸与小麦淀粉结合形成了月桂酸-淀粉复合物。在短期回生过程中,淀粉含有V-型结晶结构和B-型结晶结构,淀粉凝胶中直链淀粉分子特征衍射峰减弱,月桂酸-淀粉复合物衍射峰增强;短期回生淀粉含有直链淀粉重结晶的熔融峰和淀粉-脂肪酸复合物的熔融峰,月桂酸-淀粉复合物熔融焓显著小于淀粉凝胶熔融焓;月桂酸对淀粉短期回生的抑制作用主要是对直链淀粉重结晶的抑制。长期回生过程中,随贮藏时间延长,支链淀粉分子发生了重结晶,淀粉凝胶的结晶度从15.37%增大至18.75%,而月桂酸-淀粉复合物结晶度从10.36%增大至13.23%;回生淀粉中支链淀粉重结晶的熔融焓增大,复合物重结晶的熔融焓减少。说明月桂酸与淀粉形成复合物能抑制小麦淀粉的短期回生和长期回生。     

大孔吸附树脂对橡胶乳清中白坚木皮醇静态吸附的研究

通过静态吸附、静态解吸及吸附动力学研究,对比分析了ADS-7、ADS-17、聚酰胺树脂、超高交联树脂和酚醛型树脂等5种大孔吸附树脂对橡胶乳清中白坚木皮醇的分离效果,同时探讨了ADS-17树脂在25℃下的等温吸附过程,并用Langmuir吸附等温线模型和Freundlich模型分别对吸附数据进行拟合。结果表明:5种树脂中,中极性的大孔吸附树脂ADS-17对白坚木皮醇的吸附效果最佳,吸附平衡时间约4 h,吸附量可达5.8 mg/g干树脂;且白坚木皮醇在ADS-17树脂上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,为单分子层吸附。     

球状壳聚糖树脂对茶多酚的吸附热力学和动力学研究

采用反相悬浮交联法制备了球状壳聚糖树脂(RCM),通过静态吸附实验,研究了RCM对茶多酚的吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明:吸附等温线符合Laugmiur等温曲线,且平衡常数Kb随着温度升高而升高。吸附是非自发的、吸热的、熵增加的过程。吸附过程符合二级动力学吸附模型,吸附过程主要受粒子内扩散模型控制。     

甘蔗皮生物炭对苯酚的吸附特性研究

为使甘蔗皮得到资源化利用,本研究采用慢速热解技术于400、500、600℃条件下制备生物炭吸附剂(BC400、BC500、BC600),以去除废水中的苯酚。吸附试验结果表明,废水中苯酚的初始浓度、生物炭的制备温度、吸附温度和时间等因素均能影响甘蔗皮生物炭对苯酚的吸附效果。3种温度制备的生物炭对苯酚的吸附能力表现为BC600>BC500>BC400。35℃下苯酚初始浓度为50 mg/L,生物炭BC600吸附300 min后苯酚的去除率可高达96%,生物炭对苯酚的等温吸附线符合Langmuir模式和Freundlich模式。      

茶叶纤维对Cu2+的吸附性能研究

对茶叶纤维吸附Cu²⁺的性能进行了研究。结果表明,茶叶纤维对Cu²⁺有明显的吸附作用。pH值为4.55左右,温度在30℃左右时,对Cu²⁺的吸附较为有利;当Cu²⁺的质量浓度为200 mg/L时,随着茶叶纤维添加量增加,吸附量先升后降,茶叶纤维添加量为90 mg左右时吸附量最大。茶叶纤维对Cu²⁺的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。Langmuir等温吸附方程比Freundlich方程能更好地描述茶叶纤维对Cu²⁺的平衡吸附行为,最大吸附量达到16.78 mg/g。     

脂肪酸对小麦淀粉糊化特性及热特性的影响

为了解脂肪酸对小麦淀粉糊化特性和热特性的影响,在小麦淀粉中分别添加月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,采用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对淀粉-脂质复合物糊化特性、晶体结构和热特性进行分析。结果表明,小麦淀粉与四种饱和脂肪酸所形成的复合物的晶体结构均为V型晶型。加入脂肪酸后小麦淀粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值降低,而最终黏度和回生值升高,起始糊化温度(To)、峰值糊化温度(Tp)、终点糊化温度(Tc)略降,而糊化焓值(ΔH)则显著下降。综合来看,添加脂肪酸对小麦淀粉的糊化特性和热特性有显著影响,其中月桂酸对小麦淀粉糊化特性及热特性的影响最显著。     

施氮对高淀粉玉米子粒产量形成的影响

采用田间试验、植株生理生化分析方法,研究了不同施氮量对高淀粉玉米吉单535和普通玉米军单8号子粒产量形成的影响。结果表明,高淀粉玉米粒重的增长符合Logistic方程;营养体干重随时间的变化符合回归方程Y=axe^bx;生物产量依子粒产量和营养体干重变化符合回归方程Y=exp(a+b₁x₁+b₂x₂)。与普通玉米军单8号比较,高淀粉玉米吉单535营养体干重增长期较长,干重下降速率低,即由营养体干物质向子粒转运量较低。适宜的施氮量可有效地促进高淀粉玉米植株生育前期总生物量的积累以及生育后期干物质从营养体向子粒的转移,从而获得较高产量。高淀粉玉米吉单535的适宜施氮量为200 kg/hm²。     

茶多酚与细菌、DNA相互作用的研究

用微量热法研究不同浓度的茶多酚对大肠杆菌、产气杆菌两种细菌的抑制作用及与DNA的亲合作用,作出其热谱图,得出各种浓度下茶多酚的抑菌情况和DNA亲合情况。结果表明,不同浓度茶多酚对大肠杆菌具有一定程度的抑制作用,当浓度为620 g/ml时,茶多酚对产气杆菌的作用十分显著。3.3 mg茶多酚与12.6 mg DNA相互作用的亲合热效应为-0.003J。     

减少夏秋绿茶苦涩味添加剂的研究

先前的研究表明,绿茶茶汤的主要呈味物质是茶多酚、氨基酸等组分。其中茶多酚与滋味的相关系数为0.929,是茶汤滋味浓度的主要物质,此系数比氨基酸与滋味的相关系数0.788要高。在茶多酚这种复合物中,未氧化的茶多酚含量     

Morphological structures of the cellulose hybrids containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and their application for removing C.I. Reactive Red 250

Cellulose hybrids containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were synthesized by crosslinking reaction. The chemical and morphological structures of the hybrids were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The hybrids were used for adsorbing C.I. Reactive Red 250 in aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetic and equilibrium isotherm of the cellulose hybrids for the dye were investigated. The hybrids formed new adsorptive positions for dyes because of a nanometer-sized cubic core and numerous organic functional groups (-C-N-). The adsorption capacity of the hybrid materials was significantly higher than that of the control cellulose. The adsorption of the dye on the hybrids was good fit with Langmuir isotherm equation and the second-order model. The apparent activation energy of the dye on the hybrid was 14.87 kJ/mol.     

Tobacco stems as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater: Equilibrium and kinetic studies

Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto tobacco stems has been investigated to evaluate the effects of initial lead ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and temperature on the removal of Pb(II) systematically. The optimal pH value for Pb(II) adsorption onto the tobacco stems was found to be 5.0. The removal of lead ions for concentrations 10, 30 and 50 mg L⁻¹ using 0.8 g adsorbent at contact time of 120 min and at temperature of 299 K were 94.37%, 92.10% and 90.43%, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), and standard entropy (ΔS°) were evaluated by applying the Van’t Hoff equation, which describes the dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature. The thermodynamics of Pb(II) adsorption onto the tobacco stems indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures and the equilibrium data were found to fit Freundlich isotherm equation better than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption was analyzed using pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.     

Chitosan, the marine functional food, is a potent adsorbent of humic acid

Chitosan is prepared by the deacetylation of chitin, the second-most abundant biopolymer in nature, and has applicability in the removal of dyes, heavy metals and radioactive waste for pollution control. In weight-reduction remedies, chitosan is used to form hydrogels with lipids and to depress the intestinal absorption of lipids. In this study, an experimental method was implemented to simulate the effect of chitosan on the adsorption of humic acid in the gastrointestinal tract. The adsorption capacity of chitosan was measured by its adsorption isotherm and analyzed using the Langmuir equation. The results showed that 3.3 grams of humic acid was absorbed by 1 gram of chitosan. The adsorption capacity of chitosan was much greater than that of chitin, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose or activated charcoal. Cellulose and carboxymethyl-cellulose, a cellulose derivative with a negative charge, could not adsorb humic acid in the gastrointestinal tract. This result suggests that chitosan entraps humic acid because of its positive charge.     

Modified polyamide 66 fibers for the removal of reactive dyes from aqueous suspension

In this paper, we report the modification of polyamide sample (PA) with different contents of chitosan (CS) using citric acid (CA) as a cross-linker [PA-CA-CS]. New materials were confirmed to be formed in PA using FT-IR spectrum. It is also checked in terms of the change in thermal stability event and decomposition behavior in thermogravimetry through TG-DTA instruments. Then, the ability of unmodified and modified supports was tested for the adsorption of two reactive dyes i.e. Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3G-P and Cibacron Blue P-3R. Sorption experiments were performed under varying several experimental conditions such as pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The isotherm and kinetic models were undertaken to assess the dye removal mechanism. The applicability of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin equations was checked and data were fitted using Langmuir model. The second-order equation was shown to fit the adsorption kinetics. Data gleaned from both thermodynamic results and modeling data indicate that the adsorption follows a chemical and exothermic process.     

大豆蛋白偶联壳聚糖微球介质提取纳豆激酶的研究

采用液体反相悬浮法制取壳聚糖微球,在微球表面偶联纳豆激酶的亲和配体一大豆蛋白,作为纳豆溶栓酶的亲和吸附介质.结果表明:壳聚糖微球本身对纳豆激酶没有特异吸附,偶联大豆蛋白的壳聚糖微球对发酵粗酶液中的纳豆激酶的吸附性能符合Langmuir方程,吸附平衡时间约为60 min,最大吸附量为3 926.56 U·8-1.纳豆激酶...     

Ternary carboxymethyl chitosan-hemicellulose-nanosized TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite as effective adsorbent for removal of heavy metal contaminants from water

A ternary composite consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, hemicellulose, and nanosized TiO₂ (CHNT) was prepared by incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles into the pre-synthesized carboxymethyl chitosan-hemicellulose polysaccharide network. The microstructure and chemical composition of the obtained CHNT was characterized by TEM, SEM, FTIR, and TGA. The adsorption of some toxic heavy metals including Ni(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Mn(VII), and Cr(VI), onto the as-prepared CHNT composite was investigated. The effects of pH, temperature and contacting time on the adsorption process were studied. Results revealed that the CHNT composite exhibited efficient adsorption capacity of the above metal ions from aqueous solution due to its favorable chelating groups in structure. The adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while isotherm modeling revealed that the Langmuir equation better described the adsorption on CHNT as compared to Freundlich model. Moreover, the CHNT loaded metal ions can be easily regenerated with EDTA and reused repeatedly up to five cycles. The environmental friendly hybrids were expected to be a promising candidate for future practical application in heavy metal contaminated water treatment.     

Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Cellulose/Chitosan Composite: Equilibrium,Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

A novel eco-friendly porous adsorbent of cellulose (CE)/chitosan (CS) aerogel was prepared through sol-gel process and freeze-drying to remove Congo Red (CR). A series of aerogels were prepared by adjusting the mass ratios of CE and CS. Composite aerogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM images showed that it was possible to change the structure of the aerogel by adjusting the amount of chitosan. The effects of dosage of chitosan, initial pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial dye concentration on adsorption capacities for CR were studied in detail. Batch adsorption studies showed that aerogel exhibited maximum removal efficiency to CR at a composite ratio of 1:3 and dosage of 2.5 g/l. CE/CS aerogel had excellent adsorption capacities for CR at a pH range of 3-11, which indicated stability of the aerogel in both acidic and alkaline conditions. CR adsorption on the composite aerogel fitted pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir isotherm model revealed that the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of this material for CR was 381.7 mg/g at pH 7.0 at 303 K for 24 h. The adsorption mechanism included electrostatic and chemical interactions. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of CE/CS aerogels was higher than the other chitosan composites adsorbents.     

Surface modification and ternary system dye removal ability of manganese ferrite nanoparticle

In this paper, the surface of magnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MFN) was modified using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The modified MFN was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption capacity of surface modified MFN (MFN-CTAB) was investigated for dye removal for single and ternary systems. Three anionic dyes, C.I. Direct Red 80 (DR80), C.I. Direct Red 31 (DR31), and C.I. Acid Blue 92 (AB92), were used as model compounds. The effects of operational parameters on dye removal (i.e. adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and salt) and the kinetic and isotherm of dye adsorption were studied. The adsorption kinetic for the dyes was found to be well described by the pseudo-second order model. The maximum dye adsorption capacity (Q ₀) of MFN-CTAB for DR80, DR31 and AB92 was 83 mg/g, 59 mg/g and 70 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations. The results revealed that the Langmuir model fitted the adsorption data better. The results showed that the MFN-CTAB as a magnetic adsorbent might be a suitable alternative to remove dyes from colored aqueous solutions.