羊消化道寄生虫种类及防治措施

羊消化道的寄生虫病较多,不仅能不同程度地影响羊只的生长发育,降低生产性能,严重的还能造成羊只死亡,对养羊业危害较为严重。笔者概述了羊消化道寄生虫种类及不同地区、季节、年龄羊消化道寄生虫的感染情况,并介绍不同羊消化道寄生虫常用的驱虫药及防治策略。     

羊消化道寄生虫常见种类与流行状况

随着羊养殖产业的快速发展,羊养殖的数量和规模不断提高,羊只养殖的密度不断增加,同时导致疾病问题开始逐渐凸显,寄生虫疾病是羊养殖中常见的一种疾病种类,常见的寄生虫主要包括消化道线虫、消化道绦虫、球虫以及羊隐孢子虫等,这些寄生虫的感染均会不同程度的降低羊只的生产性能,威胁羊只的机体健康状况,进而阻碍羊养殖产业的健康发展。羊养殖中不同日龄阶段中对于消化道寄生虫疾病的感染流行状况有所不同,通常在羔羊养殖阶段最为易感,同时所导致的疾病问题也更为严重,影响后期羊养殖中的生长育肥。本文将对羊养殖中常见的消化道寄生虫疾病种类以及羊养殖中不同日龄阶段的流行状况进行介绍,旨在为羊只的健康养殖带来帮助。     

海门地区山羊场常见寄生虫调查及防治对策

羊常见寄生虫病主要包括以下几种:吸虫病、反刍兽绦虫病、消化道线虫病、球虫病、体表寄生虫病。这些寄生虫病不仅能不同程度地影响羊的生长发育,降低生产性能,严重者能造成羊只死亡。本人在2008年春季(3—5月)对海门某两个羊场寄生虫感染进行了调查,对羊体内寄生虫卵进行检测,同时进行了药物驱虫,总结了海门地区山羊春季寄生虫感染的规律,这对今后山羊寄生虫病的防治有一定指导意义。1材料与方法     

南方平原草地养羊需注意在夏季预防消化道线虫病

我国北方和南方山地放牧羊因消化道线虫侵袭造成的羊只严重发病或死亡多于每年冬末春初 ,即 2～ 3月份 ,因为那时牧草缺乏 ,羊营养很差 ,再加上寄生虫危害 ,羊常瘦弱而不断死亡。在夏季虽然羊消化道寄生虫线虫较多 ,但因草生长茂盛 ,羊营养较好 ,一般不会大批发病和较多羊只死亡 ,但近年来 ,兽医工作者特别是研究寄生虫的科技工作者观察发现 ,南方某地平原草场养羊 ,常于 8月份羊群发生疾病严重 ,表现腹泻、贫血、消瘦而死亡 ,经剖检发现大量消化道线虫寄生 ,经用相应驱虫药治疗后羊群健康好转 ,如于 6、7月即给药 ,羊群便无这样的病发生。…     

绒山羊的驱虫方法

寄生虫病是羊的三大疾病（传染病、寄生虫病和普通病）之一，主要寄生于羊的体表、消化道或内脏器官，寄生虫吸取羊的血液和其他营养，造成羊只贫血、消瘦、营养不良、内脏机能受损、生产性能下降，严重肯可导致死亡。某些寄生虫病所造成的经济损失，     

徐州市部分地区羊消化道寄生虫流行病学调查

为了掌握徐州市部分地区羊消化道寄生虫流行病学情况,于2020年8—10月采集了该地区部分屠宰场、养羊场、羊养殖户的羊只新鲜粪便。粪检结果显示:所有试验羊的寄生虫感染率为68.4%,感染率最高的是线虫(55.1%),其次为球虫(34.7%),最低的是绦虫(13.3%)。消化道寄生虫感染强度为437～552个/g,多数是混合感染。本文根据感染情况,提出了防治措施。     

羊群春季驱虫好

羊消化道线虫病是羊的主要寄生虫病，它是由许多线虫寄生于羊胃肠道内而引起的一种疾病。由于许多线虫寄生于羊的胃肠道内，吸取机体内的营养，损伤消化道粘膜，导致羊体瘦弱、降低羊的抗病能力，严重者还会造成羊只大批死亡，给养殖户造成惨重的经济损失。 春季是羊的消化道线虫的高峰期，体内的各种线虫数量大幅度增加。此时驱虫，可以收到一次用药、全部驱除羊群个体内的消化道线虫的效果。不但可以使羊群快速增重，降低春季羊群的死亡率，而且还有利于羊群夏季抓膘和防止各种寄生虫虫卵污染草场。 目前，驱治羊消化道线虫…     

黑山羊消化道寄生虫防治措施

黑山羊是营山地区畜牧养殖的地标品种,地区养殖分布范围广、数量多,深受市场喜爱,市场需求稳定,因此经济效益良好。不过在黑山羊的养殖过程当中,其可能会发生消化道寄生虫疾病,这会影响到羊的营养摄取、生长发育,威胁到羊的养殖经济效益。因此,重视并切实做好对羊的消化道寄生虫防治,就显得至关重要。本文首先简单分析了羊消化道寄生虫的危害及常见种类,然后主要就如何做好对羊的消化道寄生虫防治提出了部分探讨性建议,希望能为羊的养殖实践提供参考。     

绵羊寄生虫病的综合防控措施

绵羊寄生虫病是一种慢性疾病,寄生虫靠羊的血液及营养生存,轻则造成羊只的消瘦、营养不良、贫血,重则直接导致死亡,给养羊业带来严重的经济损失。本文首先对我国羊病发生原因进行分析,并且提出了绵羊寄生虫病的综合防控措施。     

防治羊寄生虫病应重视驱虫

寄生虫通过吸取羊的血液和其他营养，造成羊只贫血、消瘦、营养不良、内脏机能受损、生产性能下降，严重者可导致死亡。     

Efficacy of an Arthrobotrys oligospora N mutant in nematode-trapping larvae after passage through the digestive tract of sheep

For oral applications, biocontrol of animal parasitic nematodes in ruminants, ion beam implanted nematode-trapping fungi must have the capacity to survive the passage through the digestive tract and be efficient in reducing infective larvae of nematodes in the faeces.Ion beams induced mutation in the spores of nematode-trapping Arthrobotrys oligospora. Mutants with genetic stability were bred. The fungi were cultured in bottles with corn kernels as growth media, and spores of different doses were, respectively, administered orally to each group of sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The control group did not receive fungi. The faeces of these experimental animals were collected and faecal cultivations carried out. The fungal germination, growth, reproduction and predation of livestock parasitic nematode larvae were tested in laboratory. The efficacy of an A. oligospora N mutant in nematode-trapping larvae after passage through the digestive tract of sheep was tested. The results indicated that the ion beam implantation induced mutation of the nematode-trapping fungi is a positive mutation. The mutant spores through the digestive tract of sheep can kill livestock parasite nematode larvae in vitro. These results indicate the potential of the A. oligospora N mutant as a biological control agent for sheep nematodes.This study showed that such biotechnology could be explored for improving the effectiveness of the use of fungal infections to control livestock parasitic nematodes. This work represents the first application of nematode-trapping fungi in eukaryotic microorganisms.     

放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病药物防治技术试验与示范效果观察

为评价伊维菌素注射剂的驱虫效果与对放牧绵羊线虫病及外寄生虫病的防治示范效果,选择1.5岁感染线虫和部分外寄生虫的绵羊150只,设伊维菌素注射剂0.1,0.2和0.3mg/kg体重剂量组和伊维菌素片剂对照组,进行驱虫效果评价;在冬季应用伊维菌素注射剂按0.2mg/kg体重剂量对放牧绵羊进行规模防治技术示范,检查防治效果和考核防治效益。结果:药效试验中伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg对绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为93.3%,99.3%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.1%;0.3mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵及原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均为100.0%;0.1mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为76.7%,88.6%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为66.7%和86.1%。防治示范群绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率为93.3%,虫卵减少率为96.8%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.2%。同期检查未防治对照组虫卵EPG和幼虫数略有增加。技术示范群比未示范群每只成年羊平均多增重5.47kg、幼年羊成活率平均提高2.1个百分点。结果表明该防治技术对放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病高效安全,效益显著。     

Experimental concurrent infection of sheep with Oestrus ovis and Trichostrongylus colubriformis: negative interactions between parasite populations and related changes in the cellular responses of nasal and digestive mucosae

Concurrent infections of sheep with Oestrus ovis and trichostrongyles of the digestive tract are common in the field. In order to examine the possible occurrence of interactions between these two parasites and the consequences on parasite biology and the associated pathophysiological changes, an experimental study was conducted on four groups of na?ve sheep. Group O was infected repeatedly with O. ovis larvae from D0 to D42 of experiment; group T received a single infection of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on D49; sheep from group OT received both infections, and animals from group C remained uninfected as controls. Parasitological and pathophysiological parameters were measured regularly. At necropsy (D94), the mucosal cellular responses in the nasal cavities and digestive tract from all animals were analysed from histological sections. Infection of the digestive tract with nematodes did not modify the biology of Oestrus populations. In contrast, the presence of O. ovis was related to significant reductions in nematode egg excretion, worm fecundity and worm burdens. These changes were associated with significant modifications in tissular populations of mast cells, globule leucocytes and eosinophils in the respiratory and digestive tracts. These results indicate that parasitic infection in one particular anatomical site induces "at distance" inflammatory reactions of the whole mucosal system. The relationships between the cellular response and the changes in worm biology are discussed.     

羊常见消化器官疾病及防控措施

在养羊生产实践中,消化系统疾病是临床上最常见的多发病,若治疗不及时,可导致严重的经济损失。羊的消化系统是机体摄取食物,并经消化、吸收,供应机体营养的器官系统,包括消化管（口腔、咽、食管、前胃、真胃、小肠、大肠和肛门）和消化腺（唾液腺、肝脏、胰腺）两部分。消化管和消化腺的任何部位发生问题,即表现为消化器官疾病。羊常见的消化器官疾病主要有羊口炎、羊口疮、食道梗塞、前胃迟缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌胀、瓣胃阻塞、皱胃炎及胃肠炎、急性实质性肝炎等,应引起养殖场（户）的重视。本文重点介绍羊常见消化器官疾病的预防及治疗措施。     

日粮添加甜高粱与苜蓿混贮对卡拉库尔羊消化道酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究不同比例的甜高粱(SS)与苜蓿(AF)混合青贮对卡拉库尔羊消化道pH和消化酶活性的影响。选择4月龄卡拉库尔羊30只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复2只,在甜高粱与苜蓿比为100:0(SS100)、80:20(SS80)、60:40(SS60)、40:60(SS40)、20:80(SS20)的基础上补饲40%的精料,3个月的饲养试验结束后,每组选择3只进行屠宰采样,测定胃肠道pH及消化酶活性。结果表明:消化道pH随甜高粱比例的减少而下降,甜高粱占比20%时,pH最低,但均无显著性差异;随甜高粱比例的减少,复胃中蛋白水解酶、氨基肽酶、内切葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶及木聚糖酶活性呈升高趋势,SS40组酶活性最高;SS40组显著增强了小肠黏膜上糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性;空肠内容物中糜蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶及回肠内容物中胰蛋白酶活性呈线性升高趋势,回肠内容物中脂肪酶呈先升高后降低二次曲线趋势,且SS40组酶活性最佳。结果提示,甜高粱与苜蓿混贮时甜高粱比例的减少可显著提高卡拉库尔羊消化道内消化酶活性,甜高粱与苜蓿比为40:60时卡拉库尔羊消化道酶活性较高。     

猪结肠小袋纤毛虫病发病原因及防控措施

结肠小袋纤毛虫病是生猪养殖常发病和高发病,多呈散发流行,是引起仔猪出现严重腹泻症状的常见寄生虫病之一,也是造成部分养殖场经济损失的常发病。当猪群发生应激反应或者消化道功能紊乱,特别是并发肠道感染时,结肠小袋纤毛虫就会趁机侵入肠黏膜组织,破坏粘膜组织的完整性,最终形成溃疡性肠炎。防范该类疾病的发生流行,需养殖户掌握具体的发病特点,并结合实验室诊断明确具体的寄生虫种类,然后采取针对有效措施进行治疗,缩短发病周期,提高治疗效果。该文主要论述猪结肠小袋纤毛虫病的发生原因和防控措施。     

对波尔山羊主要疫病监测技术的探讨

本文对波尔山羊的结核病、布氏杆菌病、口蹄疫、羊痘、片形吸虫和消化道线虫病等主要疫病的监测技术进行了综述,其目的在于提高疫病监测手段,以便及时采取相应的预防措施,从而提高畜牧业的经济效益。     

小尾寒羊绵羊痘病例的诊断

旨在对甘肃某羊场小尾寒羊疑似绵羊痘进行确诊,并深入探讨其病理变化特点。对临诊疑似患绵羊痘的小尾寒羊进行了羊痘间接ELISA抗体检测和PCR检测确诊,并对6只病羊进行病理剖检、病理组织学和超微结构研究。结果如下：羊痘间接ELISA抗体检测显示6例病羊样品均为阳性;同时,对2例病羊样品进行PCR检测,均扩增出绵羊痘病毒（SPV）585 bp的目的基因片段,表明本次小尾寒羊所患疫病为绵羊痘。病理剖检显示,病羊皮肤无毛或少毛处充血,局部有红斑和坏死,尾部常有感染化脓形成溃疡;消化道黏膜,尤其舌和瘤胃黏膜有大小不等痘疹与坏死病灶,局部甚至形成糜烂或溃疡。肺膈叶以及肝、脾等常有痘疹和坏死病灶。病理组织学观察显示,肺痘疹病灶主要呈现渗出-增生结节和坏死-增生结节变化,病灶内血管、细支气管等周围常有大量绵羊痘细胞,胞质内有嗜酸性包涵体;病变消化道黏膜局部,上皮细胞程度不等增生、水泡变性,固有层及黏膜下层充血、水肿,有大量绵羊痘细胞,其细胞质内包涵体明显。肝、脾、肾也有程度不等坏死-增生结节变化。肺超微结构观察显示,肺泡上皮细胞肿大,细胞核浓缩、染色质聚集,线粒体程度不等肿胀、嵴断裂、空泡化,可见细胞质内包涵体。研究证明,除局部皮肤病变外,消化道黏膜和肺等实质器官的痘疹病变是患绵羊痘小尾寒羊具代表性的病理变化,尤其痘疹病灶中大量绵羊痘细胞的出现具有证病性意义。     

Concurrent parasitic infections of sheep: depression of Trichostrongylus colubriformis populations by a subsequent infection with Oestrus ovis

Concurrent infections of sheep with Oestrus ovis and trichostrongyles of the digestive tract are common in the field. Previous results have shown that a previous infection with O. ovis adversely affects worm populations of either Trichostrongylus colubriformis or Haemonchus contortus. However, no information was available to determine the influence of the succession of infections on the expression of interactions between these parasites located in remote anatomical sites. In order to investigate the role of these modulating factors, an experimental study was conducted on four groups of na?ve sheep, examining the consequences of a delayed infection with O. ovis on a pre-existing population of T. colubriformis. group T was infected four times with 4000 T. colubriformis larvae on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 of experiment; group O received multiple infections with O. ovis first instar larvae on days 42, 49, 56, 70 and 77; sheep from group TO received both infections and animals from group C remained as uninfected controls. Faecal egg counts and eosinophilia were measured weekly throughout the study. At necropsy (day 91), the mucosal cellular responses in the nasal cavities (septum, turbinates, ethmoid and sinus) and in the digestive tract (stomach and small intestine) from all animals were analysed from histological sections. Infection of the digestive tract with nematodes did not modify the biology of Oestrus populations, as measured by the number and weight of larvae. In contrast, infections with O. ovis after T. colubriformis infection was related to significant reductions (P < 0.01) in nematode egg excretion and worm burdens. These changes were associated with significant modifications in populations of mast cells, globule leucocytes and eosinophils in the respiratory and digestive tracts. These results indicate that an antagonistic interaction exists between the populations of O. ovis in the nasal cavities and T. colubriformis in the small intestine but that the order of succession of infections with the two parasites is not a major modulating factor for expression of interactions. They also confirm that parasitic infection in one particular anatomical site induces "at distance" inflammatory reactions of the whole mucosal system.     

规模化全舍饲湖羊消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解规模化舍饲湖羊消化道寄生虫感染情况,本研究应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、饱和盐水漂浮法、卢戈氏碘液染色法、离心沉淀法和麦克马斯特氏计数法等对采自河南部分地区规模化全舍饲湖羊养殖场共计553份粪便样品进行了调查。调查结果显示：寄生虫总感染率高达97.47%,75.23%的样品混合感染,样品混合感染的寄生虫种类最多为5种;共查到球虫、隐孢子虫、贾第虫、阿米巴、鞭虫、圆线虫和绦虫7种寄生虫,感染率分别为90.42%、0.90%、4.88%、65.64%、12.48%、42.13%和4.88%;感染强度最大的为球虫,每克粪便的卵囊数（OPG）最高达652 000,其次为圆线虫,每克粪便的虫卵数（EPG）最高为7 000;湖羊消化道寄生虫感染无明显的年龄、性别差异（P>0.05）;季节流行动态显示,春、夏、秋三季的寄生虫感染率与冬季相比有较大差异。以上结果说明,湖羊消化道寄生虫感染较为普遍,应采取有效的综合防控措施,以保障羊群的健康发展。