氯羟吡啶在鸡组织中的残留研究

本文报道用高效液相色谱法检测肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织中氯羟吡啶的残留。肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织经乙腈提取，用氧化铝柱和葡聚糖凝胶阴离子交换柱净化分离，洗脱液浓缩后用含内标物的甲醇溶解。以磷酸盐缓冲液／乙腈（８５／１５，ｖ／ｖ）作为流动相，苯甲酰胺作为内标物，用ＲＰ－１８柱（２２０×４．６ｍｍ）在紫外波长２７０ｎｍ处检测。将氯羟吡啶以０．０５、０．１０和０．５０μｇ／ｇ分别添加到空白肌肉组织中，测得肌肉组织回收率为８８．０％、９０．４％和９１．６％；以０．１０和０．５０μｇ／ｇ水平添加到肝脏组织中，肝脏组织回收率为８５．４％和９０．２％，变异系数均低于１０％。用该方法测定肌肉和肝脏组织中氯羟吡啶残留的最低检测限分别为０．０２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。经１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ氯羟吡啶混料饲喂ＡＡ肉鸡，停药当天（０ｄ）测得肉鸡肌肉和肝脏组织残留量为２．８５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和７．０６ｍｇ／ｋｇ。停药７ｄ时测得肌肉和停药１０ｄ时测得肝脏组织残留量分别低于０．０２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

影响对虾生长的抗营养素研究

研究对虾配合饲料中的抗营养素：抗胰蛋白酶、棉酚、酸败油脂、黄曲霉毒素对对虾生长的影响。发现抗胰蛋白酶抑制对虾生长，以冷榨豆饼为蛋白源的饲料所喂对虾的增重率为８４ ％ ，以热榨豆饼为蛋白源的饲料所喂对虾的增重率为１０３ ％ ；棉酚对对虾生长的抑制作用不明显，以棉籽饼为蛋白源养虾其增重率与冷榨花生饼相似；将酸价为０ ．２ｍｇ／ｇ 、８ ．０ｍｇ／ｇ 、２２．４ｍｇ／ｇ 、３１ ．０ｍｇ／ｇ 的鱼油添加到配合饲料中养虾，增重率依次为７２．４ ％ 、５７ ．０％ 、２９．２ ％ 、２７．５ ％ ，消化率依次为８３ ．１％ 、５９．６ ％ 、５８ ．０％ 、５３ ．０ ％ ；黄曲霉毒素严重影响对虾生长，用含黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１４７２ ×１０ ９ 、７８ ．７×１０ ９ 的饲料养虾，其增重率仅为对照组的４３．９％ 、４５ ．４％ ，而且消化率、成活率均下降。     

国产伊维菌素对宁夏滩羊的驱虫效力试验

以国产伊维菌素对宁夏山羊的寄生线虫进行驱虫试验，在口服０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇｄｅ剂量后第１１天时分别获得了粪便虫卵下降９７．２％、９８．３％和９９．４％以及虫卵转阴率８０％、９５％和９５％的效果。０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组中未找到肠道中常见的８种寄生线虫的虫体。在全部试验中，国产Ｉｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ的效力都高于进口的Ｉｖｏｍｅｃ。     

含野血牦牛八基血清生化指标测定

对大通种牛扬８０头含野牦牛８项血清化生指标进行了测定，结果：含野血成年牦牛的血清钾，钠，总钙，游离钙，游离钙百分率，氯，无机磷，总蛋白分别为６．０１±０９３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１３３．０５±５．４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．４５±０．４２ｍｃｏｌ／Ｌ，１．０２±０．４７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３９．３４±１３．４２％，１００．９４±７．３６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．５３±０．５４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，６７．４０±７．３０ｇ／Ｌ，２～３月     

几个板栗新品种主要特性简介

（续上期）３后韩庄２０号选自河北省迁西县。树势强。结果母校长２１ｃｍ，节间短。总苞均重６７．６４ｇ，椭圆形，刺束密硬。苞皮厚０．３７ｃｍ，呈一字形开裂。每苞含坚果２．８粒。坚果均重９．２３ｇ，扁圆形，深褐色，光亮。 萌芽期４月中旬，展叶期４月下旬，盛花期６月中旬，成熟期９月上旬，落叶期１１月上旬。 坚果整齐，饱满。糖炒后的风味、品质均为上等，果肉含水率４９％，含糖量２１．７％，淀粉３９．９％，粗蛋白 ５．８９％，维生素 Ｃ ４０．４ｍｇ／１００ｇ。坚果耐贮藏。 该品种树冠紧凑，冠形低矮，适宜于密植。嫁…     

首乌蜜精营养素分析研究

定量分析首乌蜜精所含的氨基酸、粗蛋白、还原糖、蔗糖，Ｖｃ、ＶＢ１、ＶＢ２、ＶＥ、ＶＤ、ＶＡ、灰份和矿物质。结果表明，首乌蜜精含有１６种氨基酸，其总含量为２９８．１９ｍｇ／１００ｍ１；粗蛋白含量为３６６．００ｍｇ／１００ｍ１；还原糖、蔗糖、灰份含量为５５．９７％、８．５９％、０．２２％；Ｖｃ、ＶＢ１ＶＢ２、ＶＥ、ＶＤ、ＶＡ含量（每１００ｍｌ）分别为０．０６ｍｇ、１７．４６ｍｇ、０．２１ｍｇ、２．３５ｍｇ、４１．０６μｇ、１８，６２μｇ；含有民民Ｚｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｎａ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｒ’Ｔｉ、Ｋ１４种矿物质，其总含量为１１４７．７５ｍｇ／Ｌ，不含对人体有害的矿物质。首乌蜜精所含的各种营养素是其多种食疗保健作用的物质基础。     

二氢吡啶对蛋品质的影响及其机理研究

取３００ 日龄罗曼蛋鸡１ ５３６ 只，随机分为４ 组（ 每组设４ 个重复，每个重复９６ 只） ，在自由采食、饮水和光照１６ｈ 的条件下，分别饲喂添加０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ二氢吡啶的玉米—豆粕型饲粮１３ 周。结果发现：①饲粮中含１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 或２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的二氢吡啶， 能使蛋壳厚度分别增加１１ ．３３ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 、１６ ．８５％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 和２０．１７ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ；②饲粮中含１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 或２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 的二氢吡啶，能使蛋比重和蛋壳相对重分别增加０ ．４４％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、０ ．５３ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） 和５ ．６６％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、６ ．９７ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） ，血清钙含量分别提高了１６．９０ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 和１８ ．３３％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） ，而血清甲状旁腺素水平则分别下降了１８．０４ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 和２０．００％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。     

国产伊维菌素口服液对绵羊寄生虫的驱除试验

本文利用中国农业大学生产的伊维菌素（Ｉｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ）口服液，选择１．５～２．０岁严重感染消化道线虫和某些外寄生虫的绵羊１００只，分别口服０．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量，同时用进口害获灭（Ｉｖｏｍｅｃ）以０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重皮下注射作对照。结果表明：①０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ口服液对消化道线虫的虫卵转阴率、虫卵减少率和驱虫率均为１００％，对羊狂蝇蛆、痒螨病和羊虱能全部杀死；②０．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ口服液对奥斯特线虫的虫卵减少率仅为９２．３％。对奥斯特线虫、毛圆线虫、毛首线虫的驱除率分别为９８．５％、９９．２％、９３．３％。对其余线虫的驱虫率均为１００％。其驱虫效果略次于０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ两剂量组；③对照药物害获灭对奥斯特线虫的虫卵减少率和驱虫率分别为９７．６％和９５．５％，对其余线虫的驱虫率也为１００％。总之，从成本考虑，国产伊维菌素０．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ口服液口服经济、实惠、高效、安全     

玉米—豆粕型日粮添加植酸酶对生长猪生长性能和粪中磷含量的影响

试验选取５８头生长猪（１２．５ｋｇ）随机分成三组,饲喂玉米－豆粕型日粮,对照组日粮中添加０．８％磷酸氢钙（总磷０．５６％,植酸磷０．２６％）,试验组分别为２００ｇ／Ｔ的植酸酶取代２／３和全部的磷酸氢钙（总磷分别为０．４８％和０．４２％,植酸磷均为０．２６％）,５６天试验结果表明,用植酸酶（２００ｇ／Ｔ）取代２／３的磷酸氢钙,生长猪的日增重,饲料报酬和经济效益与对照组均无明显差异,但秀２００ｇ／Ｔ植     

高剂量维生素E对乳猪生长性能的影响

试验１猪舍条件差，饲喂粉状料。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂维生素Ｅ量为１２对照）、２０、４０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础日粮，３５ｄ试验结果，平均日增重１７２、１７７、２００、２２５ｇ；料重比０．４６０、０．４５６、０．４３１、０．４１３；死亡率１６．６７％、７．１４％、６．６７％、０。试验２猪舍条件优越，饲喂颗粒料。Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组分别饲喂维生素Ｅ量为１２（对照）、３０、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础日粮，４２ｄ试验结     

Effects of rapeseed-press cake glucosinolates and iodine on the performance, the thyroid gland and the liver vitamin A status of pigs.

Rapeseed press cake (per kg DM 181 g EE, 341 g CP and 23.3 mmol glucosinolates) was tested in a long-term experiment with a total of sixty pigs (live weight range 24 to 104 kg). The 3 x 2 factorial design consisted of three rapeseed press cake levels (no rapeseed press cake--control, 75 g or 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet) each with two iodine dosages (125 or 250 micrograms supplementary iodine per kg diet). Reduced feed intake and depressed weight gain were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet, which correspond to 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. At an inclusion level of 75 g rapeseed-press cake per kg diet no differences in feed intake and growth intensity were recorded in comparison to the rape feed free control. The rapeseed-press cake diet increased the weight of thyroid gland and liver and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher iodine dosage increased the serum T4 concentration of pigs receiving 75 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet (= 1.6 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet) to the level of the control group and retarded the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the iodine content of the thyroid gland, however, there was no significant difference between groups given 1.6 and 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. The vitamin A content of the whole liver and the vitamin A serum concentration were not influenced by the diets tested. However, rapeseed press cake and the glucosinolates, respectively, decreased the vitamin A concentration per gram liver due to the organ enlargement and the resulting dilution effect.     

日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响。选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛（母牛）为试验动物,按照单因素随机区组设计,将20头试验牛分为5组,每组4头牛。不同试验组日粮中分别添加以31%豆粕（对照）、36%菜籽粕、14%紫苏饼+24%菜籽粕、28%紫苏饼+12%菜籽粕和42%紫苏饼为蛋白质原料配制的5种不同的精饲料。试验持续120 d,其中预饲期15 d,正试期105 d。试验期间,测定每头试验牛每天的摄入氮、尿氮及粪氮,测定日粮中干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率。结果表明：① 42%紫苏饼组摄入氮含量最高,36%菜籽粕组最低,但各组间氮含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;36%菜籽粕组的粪氮显著高于28%和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与31%豆粕组和14%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;② 42%紫苏饼组的沉积氮最高,与其他各组均差异显著（P<0.05）,其中31%豆粕组显著高于36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）;③ 42%紫苏饼组的DM、ADF表观消化率显著高于31%豆粕组和36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）,14%和28%紫苏饼组的DM、OM和NDF的表观消化率均差异不显著（P>0.05）;④ 14%紫苏饼组尿液中尿素氮含量显著高于31%豆粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与36%菜籽粕组和28%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;31%豆粕组尿液中马尿酸氮含量显著高于36%菜籽粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,而这3组均显著高于14%和28%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）;31%豆粕组的尿囊素氮含量显著高于42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,与其他3组差异不显著（P>0.05）;各组的肌酸氮、微生物氮预测值、尿素氮/尿氮、肌酸氮/尿氮和嘌呤衍生物氮/尿氮均没有显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,本试验条件下,精料中用42%紫苏饼代替31%豆粕,肉牛氮沉积最高,比对照组高3.65 g/d;DM、OM、NDF、ADF的表观消化率分别比对照组高3.45%、2.22%、6.56%、10.98%。     

Effects of Perilla Cake and Rapeseed Meal Instead of Soybean Meal in Diet on Apparent Digestibility and Nitrogen Metabolism of Beef Cattle

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of perilla cake and rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal on the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle.20 Qinchuan beef cattle of about 12 months old with similar weight and good health were selected and divided into 5 groups with 4 cattle in each group according to the univariate randomized block design.Five different protein feeds treatments were 31% soybean meal,36% rapeseed meal,14% perilla cake+24% rapeseed meal,28% perilla cake+12% rapeseed meal and 42% perilla cake,respectively.The experiment lasted 120 days,of which the pre-feeding period was 15 days and the trial period was 105 days.During the test,the daily intake of nitrogen,urine nitrogen and fecal nitrogen,the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of each test cow were determined.The results showed that:① The 42% perilla cake group had the highest nitrogen intake,and the 36% rapeseed meal group had the lowest nitrogen content,and the differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.05).The manure nitrogen in 36% rapeseed meal group was significantly higher than 28% and 42% perilla cake groups (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference with 31% soybean meal group and 14% perilla cake group (P>0.05).② The 42% perilla cake group had the highest sedimentary nitrogen,which was significantly different from other groups (P<0.05),and the 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).③ The apparent digestibility of DM and ADF in 42% perilla cake group were significantly higher than those in 31% soybean meal group and 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of DM,OM and NDF between 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P>0.05).④ The content of urea nitrogen in 14% perilla cake group was significantly higher than 31% soybean meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and it was not significantly different from the 36% rapeseed meal group and 28% perilla cake group (P>0.05).The 31% soybean meal group had significantly higher nitrosate nitrogen content than 36% rapeseed meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and these three groups were significantly higher than 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P<0.05).Allantoin nitrogen in 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference from the other three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant differences in creatine nitrogen,microbial nitrogen predicted value,urea nitrogen/urine nitrogen,creatine nitrogen/urine nitrogen,and purine derivative nitrogen/urine nitrogen among all groups (P>0.05).In summary,in this test,when 42% perilla cake was used instead of 31% soybean meal in the concentrate,the beef cattle had the highest nitrogen deposition,which was 3.65 g/d higher than 31% soybean meal group.The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,NDF and ADF were 3.45%,2.22%,6.56%,and 10.98% higher than 31% soybean meal group,respectively.     

抗草丁膦转基因油菜与野芥菜的抗性回交3代子1代和子2代的适合度

如果抗除草剂转基因油菜的抗性基因渗入到野芥菜中,会给野芥菜的防除带来很大困难。因此在抗除草剂转基因油菜环境释放前对抗性基因向野芥菜的渗入开展深入的研究非常必要。以抗草丁膦转基因油菜与野芥菜的携带抗性基因回交3代子1代和子2代(BC3mF2和BC3pF2及BC3mF3和BC3pF3,m表示以野芥菜为母本的回交后代,p表示以野芥菜为父本的回交后代)为材料,在田间条件下研究了它们在不同密度(低密度为15株/区,高密度为30株/区)及不同种植比例(单种,野芥菜与回交后代以4:1、3:2、1:1混种)时的适合度成分和总适合度。结果表明,无论是低密度还是高密度条件下,单种时BC3F2和BC3F3的总适合度均与野芥菜无显著差异。低密度混种时,在4:1和3:2下,只有BC3mF3的总适合度与野芥菜无显著差异,其余各后代的总适合度均显著小于野芥菜;以1:1混种时,只有BC3mF2和BC3mF3的总适合度与野芥菜无显著差异。高密度混种时,3个比例混种下4种供试回交后代的总适合度均显著小于野芥菜。相关性分析结果表明,BC3mF3的各适合度成分都与混种比例不相关。表明携带抗性基因的BC3F2和BC3F3在野外都具有生存定植的可能性,且BC3mF3定植的可能性较其他供试回交后代更大。因此在防范转基因油菜基因逃逸的策略上,在防范初始杂交发生的同时,也应该防范回交后代的产生。     

用体外产气法评价双低菜籽饼与藏嵩草的组合效应

 采用体外产气法评价了青海高原反刍家畜补饲用双低菜籽饼按质量比为0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0的比例与藏嵩草草地型冷季牧草组合的发酵产气特性。结果表明,双低菜籽饼与藏嵩草草地型冷季牧草组合能有效提高单一藏嵩草的体内消化率,且以25∶75比例组合时较为合适;双低菜籽饼与藏嵩草的正组合效应值在发酵12~24 h时较高,并呈现随发酵时间的延长而减小的变化趋势。     

不同氮源添加低水平缩合单宁对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵特性及降解率的影响

试验旨在研究不同氮源饲粮基础上添加低水平缩合单宁（CT）对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵参数及降解率的影响,以期筛选出缩合单宁的最佳添加比例及利用率更高的氮源,为缩合单宁作为反当动物功能性添加剂提供科学依据。试验选用4头延边黄牛（体重452.3 kg±27.1 kg）提供瘤胃液,以不含缩合单宁的6种饲料为氮源（大豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、紫花苜蓿、红三叶及山野豌豆）,在每种氮源饲料中分别添加不同水平（0（对照组）、0.1%、0.5%、0.9%）缩合单宁,共24组,每组3个重复。采用体外培养法测定不同组合饲粮延边黄牛瘤胃体外发酵pH、氨态氮（NH₃-N）、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、产气量以及干物质有效降解率、粗蛋白质有效降解率、中性洗涤纤维有效降解率。结果表明,各试验组的pH、NH₃-N与VFA均在正常范围内变化并且可以满足瘤胃微生物的正常代谢,牧草类0.5%缩合单宁添加组（以下简称0.5%组）与饼粕类0.9%组以上各指标相对较好,且与各自对照组相比,产气量较低;大豆粕0.9%组、菜籽粕0.5%组以及红三叶0.1%组干物质有效降解率均较各自对照组略低（P>0.05）。棉籽粕0.5%组粗蛋白质有效降解率较对照组降低（P<0.05）,3种牧草类0.9%组粗蛋白质有效降解率均低于对照组（P>0.05）。除红三叶0.1%组外,其余5种氮源缩合单宁添加组的中性洗涤纤维有效降解率均显著低于各自对照组（P<0.05）。综合考虑,饼粕类0.9%组、牧草类0.5%组更有利于优化瘤胃发酵环境,可降低瘤胃粗蛋白质降解率,能有效保护过瘤胃蛋白,其中山野豌豆、棉籽粕效果更优。     

柠条缩合单宁提取工艺优化

[目的] 确定柠条缩合单宁最佳提取工艺。[方法] 以从内蒙古四子王旗采集的柠条为试验材料,利用超声辅助溶剂浸提法提取缩合单宁,利用磷钨钼酸显色法测定缩合单宁含量;应用单因素试验研究提取温度、提取时间、液料比、丙酮体积分数对柠条中缩合单宁提取量的影响。[结果] 随提取温度的增加,柠条缩合单宁提取量呈先升高后降低的趋势,当提取温度为60 ℃时,提取量最大,为34.24 mg/g;随提取时间的增加,柠条缩合单宁提取量呈先升高后降低的趋势,当提取时间为80 min时,提取量最大,为26.38 mg/g;随液料比的增加,柠条缩合单宁提取量呈先升高后降低的趋势,当液料比为30:1时,提取量最大,为25.34 mg/g;随丙酮体积分数的增加,柠条缩合单宁提取量呈先升高后降低的趋势,当丙酮体积分数为70%时,提取量最大,为30.61 mg/g。[结论] 提取柠条缩合单宁的最适温度为60 ℃,最适时间为80 min,最适液料比为30:1,最适丙酮体积分数为70%。     

不同来源菜籽粕对鲤鱼生长、消化生理、抗氧化能力和健康的影响

本试验旨在探究鲤鱼对5种菜籽粕[加拿大菜籽粕（CCM）、印度菜籽粕（ICM）、冷生榨菜籽饼（CPCC）、国产95型菜籽粕（C95CM）和国产200型菜籽粕（C200CM）]利用效率的差异，以期为菜籽粕在鲤鱼饲料中的应用提供理论依据。以豆粕为主要蛋白质源配制基础饲料（含46%豆粕），于基础饲料（对照组）中分别添加20%(CCM-Ⅰ组、ICM-Ⅰ组、CPCC-Ⅰ组、C95CM-Ⅰ组和C200CM-Ⅰ组)或35%(CCM-Ⅱ组、 ICM-Ⅱ组、 CPCC-Ⅱ组、 C95CM-Ⅱ组和C200CM-Ⅱ组)5种不同来源菜籽粕等蛋白质替代豆粕共配制11种等氮等能饲料。取990尾健壮均匀的幼鲤，随机分为11个组，每组3个网箱，每个网箱30尾，饲喂8周。结果表明：1)CPCC-Ⅰ组、CPCC-Ⅱ组、ICM-Ⅰ组和ICM-Ⅱ组饲料中硫代葡萄糖苷（GLS）、异硫氰酸酯（ITC）和噁唑烷硫酮（OZT）含量分别为1.31%、 0.26 g/kg和0.62 mg/g, 2.30%、 0.45 g/kg和1.08 mg/g,0.12%、0.37 g/kg和0.01 mg/g,0.21%、0.65 g/kg和0.02...     

Effects of Supplementation of a Grass Silage and Barley Diet with Urea,Rapeseed Meal and Heat-moisture-treated Rapeseed Cake on Omasal Digesta Flow and Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows

Four multiparous dairy cows, fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulas, were fed grass silage and one of four concentrates of barley (B), barley+urea (BU), barley+solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (BRM) or barley+heat-moisture-treated rapeseed cake (BRC). Despite marginal N deficiencies for the control diet (B), BU did not affect milk yield, ruminal fibre digestion or omasal total non-ammonia-N (NAN) or microbial NAN flow. In contrast, BRM and BRC diets significantly increased milk and milk protein yields and omasal dietary NAN flows. Effects of rapeseed meal (RSM) and rapeseed cake (RSC) on milk yield and omasal NAN flow were similar. The diets had no effect on rumen microbial protein synthesis. In general, non-protein N and soluble true protein comprised 0.20 of omasal total NAN flow, for all diets. Supplementary AAT from rapeseed feeds appeared to escape from the rumen as insoluble feed particles.     

棉、菜籽饼粕源毒素对畜禽的影响及其毒理作用

本文概述了棉、菜籽饼粕在畜禽饲料中的应用,所含毒素对畜禽的影响及其毒理作用,并对今后开发利用棉、菜籽饼粕的途径作了展望。