多源卫星遥感影像进行土地利用变化监测

Due to inappropriate planning and management, accelerated urban growth and tremendous loss in land, especially cropland, have become a great challenge for sustainable urban development in China, especially in developed urban area in the coastal regions; therefore, there is an urgent need to effectively detect and monitor the land use changes and provide accurate and timely information for planning and management. In this study a method combining principal component analysis (PCA) of multisensor satellite images from SPOT (systeme pour l'observation de la terre or earth observation satellite)-5 multispectral (XS) and Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) panchromatic (PAN) data, and supervised classification was used to detect and analyze the dynamics of land use changes in the city proper of Hangzhou. The overall accuracy of the land use change detection was 90.67% and Kappa index was 0.89. The results indicated that there was a considerable land use change (10.03% of the total area) in the study area from 2001 to 2003, with three major types of land use conversions: from cropland into built-up land, construction site, and water area (fish pond). Changes from orchard land into built-up land were also detected. The method described in this study is feasible and useful for detecting rapid land use change in the urban area.     

土壤资源和生态环境信息系统的设计与应用: 以三峡地区秭归县为例

The design and applications of a land information system built upon ARC/INFO and ArcView are presented. The proposed system not only maintains all the advantages of the more conventional implementations but also enhances them in the following ways: 1) the application program interfaces (API) are used to transmit data and messages among different parts of the system; 2) the integrated system can support studies on land evaluations and ecological analyses by efficient management of attribute and spatial data and 3) correspondingly, spatial records and attributive records are linked by the same identifiers (ID). A case study application in Zigui County of the Three Gorges Area in China demonstrates that the system could employ land-use maps and land property data to predicate and analyze the land utilization changes in the past, present and future. The ecological environment analysis can be carried out with the data of land, economics and terrain map used, showing that the system can be widely applied, especially to survey land and environment resources in the countryside area.     

黄河流域生态环境脆弱性评价

Using remote sensing （RS） data and geographical information system （GIS）, eco-environmental vulnerability and its changes were analyzed for the Yellow River Basin, China. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of eco-environmental changes so that a strategy of sustainable land use could be established. An environmental numerical model was developed using spatial principal component analysis （SPCA） model. The model contains twelve factors that include variables of land use, soil erosion, topography, climate, and vegetation. Using this model, synthetic ecoenvironmental vulnerability index （SEVI） was computed for 1990 and 2000 for the Yellow River Basin. The SEVI was classified into six levels, potential, slight, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy, following the natural breaks classification. The eco-environmental vulnerability distribution and its changes over the ten years from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed and the driving factors of eco-environmental changes were investigated. The results show that the eco-environmental vulnerability in the study area was at medium level, and the eco-environmental quality had been gradually improved on the whole. However, the eco-environmental quality had become worse over the ten years in some regions. In the study area, population growth, vegetation degradation, and governmental policies for eco-environmental protection were found to be the major factors that caused the eco-environmental changes over the ten years.     

一种新的辨别土地利用/覆被的遥感图像融合方法

In China, accelerating industrialization and urbanization following high-speed economic development and population increases have greatly impacted land use/cover changes, making it imperative to obtain accurate and up to date information on changes so as to evaluate their environmental effects. The major purpose of this study was to develop a new method to fuse lower spatial resolution multispectral satellite images with higher spatial resolution panchromatic ones to assist in land use/cover mapping. An algorithm of a new fusion method known as edge enhancement intensity modulation (EEIM) was proposed to merge two optical image data sets of different spectral ranges. The results showed that the EEIM image was quite similar in color to lower resolution multispectral images, and the fused product was better able to preserve spectral information. Thus, compared to conventional approaches, the spectral distortion of the fused images was markedly reduced. Therefore, the EEIM fusion method could be utilized to fuse remote sensing data from the same or different sensors, including TM images and SPOT5 panchromatic images, providing high quality land use/cover images.     

伊朗中部伊斯法罕地区土地利用对石灰性土壤磁性质和重金属的空间分布的影响

Anthropogenic activities have caused the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil environment. Pollution of the soils significantly reduces environmental quality and affects human health. In many recent studies, magnetic susceptibility measurements have been used for pollution monitoring. The objective of this research was to determine the spatial variability of magnetic properties and selected heavy metals and the effects of land use on their variability in the surface soils of the Isfahan region, Central Iran. A total of 158 composite surface (0-5 cm) samples of calcareous soils were collected from an area of about 700 km2, located along a cross-border transect from Isfahan City to a steel plant, covering urban, industrial, agricultural and uncultivated land uses. Concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and cobalt (Co) and magnetic parameters, magnetic susceptibility at low frequency (χlf), natural remanent magnetization (NRM), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), and isothermal remanent magnetization at the field of 100 mT (IRM100mT) and the backfield of 100 mT (IRM-100mT), were measured in all the soil samples. Results showed that magnetic susceptibility in the urban and industrial land topsoils (0--5 cm) samples was significantly higher than that in the agricultural and uncultivated land soils in the study area. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Fe were positively correlated with magnetic properties (χlf, IRM100mT, SIRM, IRM-100mT, and NRM), which could be attributed to their inputs from traffic emissions and industrial activities at the study sites. Ni and Cr concentrations showed significant negative correlations with magnetic properties. No significant correlation was found between Co concentration and magnetic parameters. The Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI) showed significant correlation with the magnetic properties (χlf, IRM100mT, SIRM, IRM-100mT, and NRM). The spatial distribution of the selected heavy metals and χlf in the study area suggested that activities at the urban and industrial land sites caused greater pollution as compared to that at the study sites of other land uses. The concentrations of Cu and Zn seemed to have been affected by anthropogenic sources, whereas Ni, Cr, and Co were mainly controlled by natural sources in the study area. Moreover, the concentrations of soil Pb and Fe in the study area could be affected by both lithologic and anthropogenic sources. The magnetic parameters appeared to be a proxy measure for the degree of heavy metal contamination and could be a potential method for the detection and mapping of contaminated soils.     

中国福建省永春县柑橘园土壤有机碳储量研究

Studies related to the quantitation and distribution of soil organic carbon(C) under different land use types can help to fill the knowledge gaps regarding estimation of the amount of C stored in soils at a global scale. Orchards are an important land use type in southern China; the total area(1.15 × 10~7 ha) of orchards in China comprises approximately 20.5% of the area of all orchards worldwide. We assessed soil organic C stocks(SOCS) in citrus orchards in Yongchun County(consisting of 22 towns), Fujian Province,China in 1982 and 2010. The southeastern part of the county, an area featuring extensive citrus farming with a gently sloping landscape and low rates of water erosion, had the highest SOCS. In contrast, the lowest SCOS was observed in the northern part of the county,where steep hills with severe erosion problems are common and citrus orchards are sparsely distributed. From 1982 to 2010, the mean SOCS in citrus orchards increased from 22.1 to 41.7 Mg ha~(-1), which indicated that current management practices such as fertilization,irrigation, and cultivation enhanced soil C stocks. Further in-depth studies on the effects of these practices on C sequestration would be worthwhile and surveys of SOCS throughout Fujian Province are needed, to support efforts to mitigate global C emission.     

应用概率细胞自动机-马尔科夫模型模拟评价中国区域土地利用/土地覆盖的时空动态

Using the fuzzy rule-based classification method, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images acquired from 1982 to 1998 were classified into seventeen phases. Based on these classification images, a probabilistic cellular automata-Markov Chain model was developed and used to simulate a land cover scenario of China for the year 2014. Spatiotemporal dynamics of land use/cover in China from 1982 to 2014 were then analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the change trends of land cover type from 1998 to 2014 would be contrary to those from 1982 to 1998. In particular, forestland and grassland areas decreased by 1.56% and 1.46%, respectively, from 1982 to 1998, and should increase by 1.5% and 2.3% from 1998 to 2014, respectively.     

福建省土地适宜性及使用变化研究

To present the current status of land quality and distribution and the trends in land use change, the physical suitability of cropland and forestland and the associated changes in Fujian Province were evaluated and analyzed using data obtained from geographical information systems （GIS） and remote sensing （RS）. Of the total land area of Fujian Province, first class suitable cropland accounted for only 4.21%, whereas unsuitable cropland accounted for 84.78%. The percentage of first class suitable cropland in the southeastern region （5.32%） was much higher than that in the northwestern area （2.91%）. Only 13.63% of the existing cropland area consisted of first class cropland and 70.08% was classified as unsuitable for cultivation. Of the total land area of Fujian Province, the first class forestland comprised 55.25% and the unsuitable forestland （including third class） comprised 21.2%. The percentage of unsuitable forest area in the existing forestland was only 5.5%. From 1996 to 2001, cropland and unused land decreased significantly, whereas forestland and land used for urban and transport increased rapidly. Therefore, the major tasks ahead will be the land development for full grain production potential, the better coordination of allocating land to different uses, and the regulation inappropriate activities that damage agricultural ecosystems.     

Land Use Changes of Mata Lake Using Multi-temporal Satellite Imageries

Land use and protection has become a global hotspot. How to use land resources is an important topic for the future socio-economic sustainable development. This paper analyzes the land use changes of Mata lake of Shandong province in China, from 19.85＇s to 2000＇s using multi-temporal remotely sensed data including TM in the 1985s, ETM＋ in the 2000s and ancillary data such as soil use map, water map etc. the remote sensing imageries were calibrated, registered and geo--referenced, then classified by multi-source information data and remote sensing image interpretation expert system based on knowledge base. Five land use types were extracted from remote sensing imageries, that is, water body, agriculture land, rural settlement, bare land and none use land. The total precision is 80. 7% and Kappa index is 0. 825. The analysis result of the remote sensing shows that during the past 15 years, water resource dropped off very promptly from 51.77 km^2 to 16.65 km^2 and bare land reduced greatly more than 60% in Mata lake region. With the development of the economy and agriculture areas, more and more water body and bare land converted to agriculture land use and rural settlement areas. Since last years, the Mata lake has been affected by natural factor, human activity and increasing population. So its land use pattern greatly changed from 1985 to 2000. The information of land use changes provided scientific supports for land planning and environmental protection.     

应用数字遥感图像对泰国Chanthaburi省土地利用动态的监测

A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand.RS(Remote Sensing),GIS(Geographical Information System),GPS (Global Positioning System) and ancillary data were combined bythe method which adopts the main idea of classifying images by stekps from decision tree method and the hybridized supervised and unsupervised classification.An integration of automatic image interpretation,ancillary materials and expert knowledge was realized.Two subscenes of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images of bands 3,4 and 5 obtained on December 15,1992,and January 17,1999,were used for image gprocessing and spatial data analysis in the study.the overall accuracy of the results of classification reached 90%,which was verified by field check.Results showed that shrimp farm land,urban and traffic land,barren land,bush and agricultural developing area increased in area,mangrove,paddy field,swamp and marsh land,orchard and plantation,and tropical grass land decreased,and the forest land kept almost stable.Ecological analysis on the land use changes showed that more attentions should be paid on the effect of land development on ecological environment in the future land planning and management.     

基于系统动力学模型的扬州市土地利用结构多情景模拟与实现

[目的]对江苏省扬州市未来土地利用结构进行多情景预测模拟,并探索不同情景下各目标土地利用结构的实现路径,为土地利用规划方案制定与管理提供科学依据。[方法]采用系统动力学(SD)模型模拟土地利用系统开展研究。[结果]在不同情景下几类主要用地差异明显,耕地面积在耕地保护情景下较高,而在生态保护与经济发展情景下耕地缓慢下降;城镇工矿用地与交通水利用地面积在3种情景下均获得稳定增长,但经济发展情景下的增长快于其他2个情景;林地面积在生态保护情景下出现大幅上升,在另外2个情景下则基本保持不变甚至小幅下降。结合各情景指标设定可得出,耕地保护情景下,除控制城镇扩张占用耕地外,还要加强未利用地开发与农村居民点整理以补充耕地;生态保护情景下,则需加强植树造林、保护好具有丰富生态服务价值的水域、滩涂用地。[结论]SD模型不仅可模拟不同情景下土地利用变化,还可将土地利用与社会经济系统之间的复杂非线性关系显化,有利于土地资源可持续利用调控。     

不同空间约束条件下的城镇土地利用变化多预案模拟

为研究不同预案下辛庄镇未来几十年的土地利用变化情况,基于高分辨率遥感影像获取辛庄镇四期土地利用历史数据,结合GIS空间分析技术,从城镇土地利用发展趋势、耕地保护和生态安全角度设计了目前趋势发展、城镇规划和基本农田保护、生态环境保护3种预案,对研究区土地利用变化进行相应约束,利用CLUE-S模型模拟不同预案下辛庄镇未来20 a土地利用变化过程,并从时空特征、空间格局和生态风险等方面对不同预案下的土地利用预测结果进行比较分析。结果表明,在设计的3种预案下,未来的村镇建设用地均将持续增加,其中目前趋势发展预案尤为显著,并以消耗大量的耕地资源为代价。不同预案下的土地利用变化特征、景观格局和生态安全存在明显的分异特征,综合比较结果表明城镇规划和基本农田保护预案是辛庄镇未来土地利用变化的推荐预案。CLUE-S模型模拟结果能较好地反映不同约束条件下的未来土地利用变化以及潜在生态风险,基于该模型的预案设计和空间模拟方法可很好地辅助土地利用规划决策。     

城镇-农业-生态协调的高原湖泊流域土地利用优化

为了解高原湖泊流域土地利用布局现状,探究在"城镇-农业-生态"协调下的高原湖泊流域土地利用空间优化配置方案,该文以抚仙湖流域为例,基于3S技术,运用MCR-CLUE-S模型,研究流域城镇建设情景、农业开发情景、生态保护情景和综合优化情景4种模式下2030年国土空间的结构和布局,最终提出抚仙湖流域"城镇-农业-生态空间"协调下的土地利用空间优化分区。结果表明:1)2005、2010和2015年抚仙湖流域城镇空间呈上升趋势,农业空间呈下降趋势,生态空间先升后降,10 a间空间分布格局基本一致;2)以重要水源地、湖滨湿地和大面积自然林地为保护源,选取高程和坡度等8个阻力因子,采用最小累积阻力模型和累积耗费距离模型构建抚仙湖流域生态安全格局,以及有利于生态保护的"源"核心区、生态保护区、生态边缘区、农业开发区、农业边缘区和城镇建设区;3)以生态功能分区面积为约束条件,通过Markov模型结合CLUE-S模型模拟抚仙湖流域2030年城镇建设、农业开发和生态保护情景下"城镇-农业-生态空间"的优化布局。城镇建设情景综合考虑生活需要以及政策指导下以开发城镇空间为主导的"城镇-农业-生态空间"数量及空间结构的发展方向;农业开发情景控制城镇空间规模,开发部分生态空间潜力;生态保护情景下农业空间面积有所减少,城镇空间面积少量增加;4)抚仙湖流域2030年综合优化情景模式下,根据土地功能的不同,划为城镇空间、农业空间、生态空间、城镇-农业空间、城镇-生态空间、农业-生态空间和城镇-农业-生态空间,其中农业-生态空间最小,生态空间最大;5)通过分析4种情景下区域发展的特点,结合抚仙湖流域耕地保护、生态保护和经济社会发展等多种因素,认为综合情景方案更合理并更适合当地的发展,其他3种单要素情景方案可为综合情景方案的实施进行相关的补充和调整。研究结果可为抚仙湖流域国土空间规划和生态保护战略决策提供参考依据。     

基于生态敏感性分析的江川区土地利用空间格局优化配置

为优化江川区土地利用空间格局,促进土地可持续发展,该文以云南省玉溪市江川区为研究区,将CLUE-S（conversion of land use and its effects at small region extent）模型和生态敏感性分析应用于江川区土地利用空间格局优化配置。以高度敏感区为CLUE-S模型中区域约束文件,突出研究区生态保护重点区域,并以综合生态敏感性分区为影响研究区土地利用变化的驱动力因子,提出一种将生态敏感性融入土地利用空间格局优化配置的过程和结果中的土地利用情景模拟方法,并借助2006年和2016年土地利用数据对江川区自然发展情景和土地生态优化情景2种模式下2025年的土地利用空间格局进行优化配置,并基于生态敏感性分区对优化配置模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明：2种情景下2025年江川区土地利用格局既有共同特征也存在差异。在2种情景下均有效的保护了原有林地、耕地、未利用地和建设用地格局,但新增林地、草地等空间分布格局不同。根据2025年2种情景与2016年土地利用现状在不同敏感性区内主要土地利用类型分布情况表明,情景二土地利用空间格局优于自然发展情景和2016年土地利用现状。研究结果认为土地生态优化情景更为合理,该结果可为江川区生态保护和城镇发展提供参考。     

基于PLUS和InVEST模型的合肥市生态系统碳储量时空演变特征

[目的]为寻求“双碳”目标导向下的合肥市城市发展新方案。[方法]依据合肥市2000—2020年5期土地利用数据,在合肥市国土空间规划指引下,运用PLUS模型模拟得到2035年合肥市土地利用时空演变规律,耦合InVEST模型探究多情景下合肥市碳储量时空变化特征,并进一步挖掘土地综合利用程度对碳储量的影响。[结果](1)2000—2020年合肥市土地利用变化特征主要表现为耕地、林地减少,其中耕地为建设用地扩增主要来源。自然发展和农田资源保护情景的土地变化规律大致相同,主要表现为耕地、林地、水体减少;绿色汇增城市发展情景下,林地相比其余2个情景面积由减少转为增加。(2)2000—2020年合肥市碳储量逐年递减,其中2005—2010年碳损失最为剧烈。到2035年,自然发展情景、农田资源保护情景、绿色汇增城市发展情景碳储量分别为138.96×10⁶,140.13×10⁶,139.81×10⁶ t。农田资源保护情景下,碳储量明显增加区域最低,建设用地扩张减缓;绿色汇增城市发展情景下,林地由碳损失转为碳固持,是最具固碳潜力的发展趋势...     

基于多智能体的土地利用变化模拟

建立土地利用变化模型,模拟多种情景下的土地利用变化过程,能够为科学的土地利用决策提供辅助支持。以常州市新北区为研究区,从政策特征因子、全局特征因子和空间特征因子3个方面构建土地利用情景特征因子体系;运用多智能体建模方法构建基于主体的土地利用情景模拟模型;设定快、中、慢3种经济社会发展条件下的土地利用情景(I、II、III),模拟研究区2006-2020年土地利用变化。结果表明:3种土地利用类型的空间全局拟合度都相对较高,城镇用地、农村居民点用地和耕地的空间全局拟合度分别为78.45%、99.85%、98.35%;空间变化拟合度较低,分别为55.18%、0.02%、69.11%。在3种土地利用情景下,城镇用地增加面积分别为3788.44、2922.83和2114.64hm2,农村居民点用地减少面积分别为1106.60、858.61和592.35hm2,耕地减少面积分别为5378.72、4817.03和4238.97hm2。说明情景I下城镇化速度较快,城乡用地转换明显,农村居民点整治力度较大;情景II下城镇用地空间扩张和人口增长都减缓速度,耕地资源的流失得到一定程度控制;情景III下城乡用地变化速度显著放缓,耕地资源流失得到有效控制。     

基于CLUE-S模型县域土地利用情景模拟与碳排放效应分析

土地利用与变化产生的碳排放是国家温室气体排放清单核算中的重要组成部分。该研究以辽宁省沈阳市法库县为研究区域,基于2013年土地利用现状数据,运用CLUE-S模型对法库县2019年土地利用变化格局进行模拟与验证。在此基础上,通过设置基线情景、农业发展、建设发展、生态保护、土地利用结构优化5种模拟情景预测2030年法库县土地利用分布空间格局及各情景下土地利用碳收支状况。结果表明：1）CLUE-S模型对法库县土地利用格局变化具有良好的模拟能力,Kappa系数为0.989 6,模拟总体精度达到99.14%;2）在5种模拟情景中,土地利用结构优化情景下2030年法库县土地资源利用效果最优,是法库县中长期发展阶段较为适宜的土地利用模式;3）法库县2013-2019年碳排放量增长5.53%。5种模拟情景同2019年相比,除生态保护和农业发展情景外,其余模拟情景下法库县碳排放量均呈现增长趋势,其中土地利用结构优化情景增幅最小,为2.29%。研究结果可为法库县土地利用优化布局、国土空间规划编制及碳减排相关政策制订提供参考依据和决策支持,研究方法也可为其他区域土地利用格局预测及碳收支变化提供借鉴。     

气候情景下典型开垦与退耕区耕地动态变化的定量模拟

全球气候变化是当前关注的热点问题,研究气候情景下中国典型开垦与退耕区耕地动态变化对保障中国粮食安全具有重要意义。该研究以东北地区作为典型区,基于设计的土地利用规划情景和RCPs（representative concentration pathways）气候情景,采用土地利用变化动态（DLS,dynamics of land system）模型模拟了在规划情景和RCPs气候情景下开垦与退耕区2010－2030年耕地的空间分布格局,分析不同耕地类型未来的变化趋势。研究结果表明：规划情景下水田呈持续减少的态势,而旱田在2000－2010年有小幅增长的态势,而后出现大面积减少;AIM（Asia-Pacific integrated model）气候模式情景下旱田增长趋势也较明显,水田则保持小幅减少的态势;MESSAGE（model for energy supply strategy alternatives and their general environmental impact）气候模式情景下,耕地面积呈减少的态势。从不同用地类型之间的转移分析得出,该区域开垦与退耕相逆的现象在未来情景下仍会延续,但是发生的频率却随时间的推移逐渐降低。该研究为开垦与退耕区应对气候变化,合理进行农业规划和耕地保护提供参考。     

基于生态安全格局的干旱内陆河流域土地利用优化配置分区

为提高干旱内陆地区土地利用效率,促进土地资源可持续利用,该文以典型干旱内陆河流域石羊河为例,将GIS技术和土地利用优化空间配置模型应用到该流域土地利用优化配置研究中,提出了一种基于生态安全格局的土地利用优化配置新方法,并借助1986年、2000年和2014年3期土地利用数据对石羊河流域生态安全格局情景、耕地保护情景和自然发展情景3种模式下2030年的土地利用结构和布局进行了优化配置研究。研究结果表明：在生态安全情景下2030年耕地面积减少314.41 km2（5.32%）,但林地和草地面积分别增加1424.17 km2（33.85%）和1485.13 km2（12.05%）,同时未利用地也有较大幅度减少;而耕地保护情景则以土地开发和整治及宅基地还耕为主要目标,使得耕地到2030年增加5.85%（386.53 km2）,林地和草地分别增加7.61%（229.38 km2）和0.77%（84.58 km2）,而未利用地则减少3.91%（789.92 km2）;自然发展情景下其耕地、林地和草地到2030年均有减少,建设用地则有较大幅度增长。通过对3种综合考虑石羊河流域社会经济、生态及耕地保护等多方面的因素,研究结果认为耕地保护情景更为合理,既能保持耕地面积不减少,又能兼顾考虑生态恢复和城镇发展等方面的需求,而其它2种可为耕地保护情景进行补充和局部修正。     

基于Markov-FLUS模型的广西土地利用变化模拟预测

耕地保护是确保粮食安全和社会经济稳定的头等大事,土地利用变化预测分析则是调整耕地保护政策的重要依据。为了探究广西耕地保护工作成效、促进土地资源合理配置,围绕耕地保护,运用Markov-FLUS模型,分别基于非限制性与耕地保护两类情景,预测2025年广西土地利用数量及空间变化状况,对比了两类情景下耕地变化差异。结果表明:(1)广西城市建设效果明显,2005—2015年,城镇用地、交通基础设施用地等其他建设用地面积增长了893 km²,增长率达77.25%。两类不同土地利用情景模拟预测下,至2025年,城镇用地面积均保持增长趋势,但耕地保护情景下,其扩张速度受到限制;(2)广西生态保护成效良好,两类不同土地利用情景模拟预测下,至2025年,林地、草地、水域等生态用地面积均保持增长趋势;(3)广西耕地保护任重道远,2005—2015年,耕地面积减少626 km²,两类不同土地利用情景模拟预测下,至2025年,耕地面积均延续减少趋势。但耕地保护情景下,耕地面积减少态势得到一定程度遏止;(4)不同发展阶段,影响广西耕地保护的主导因素各异:2005—2015年,交通道路等基础设施建设是影响广西耕地保护的主要因素; 2015—2025年,随着社会经济加速发展,南宁市、桂林市、柳州市以及“钦北防”沿海城市建设用地的扩张和桂西北、桂南地区林业用地的增长,将成为广西耕地减少的主要原因。