北京市生态公益林经营目标及指标体系的研究

在“温带和北方森林可持续经营标准与指标”及“中国森林可持续经营标准与指标”的基础上,遵循统一、系统、可操作性原则,制定了北京市生态公益林经营目标及指标体系。北京市生态公益林经营目标包括生物多样性的保护、森林生态系统生产力的维持、森林生态系统健康活力的维持、水土资源的保持、社会效益的保持与加强和经济效益的保持与加强6个方面,共38个指标。     

中山市森林资源生态可持续性评价研究

文章以广东省中山市的森林资源为研究对象,利用2004和2009年的调查等数据,对其5年内的生态可持续性进行测定和评价。研究内容包括生物多样性及其保护、森林生产力及其维持、森林健康及其保持、森林经营活动的环境响应等方面,结果表明中山市2004～2009年森林资源生态可持续性有所提高,2004和2009年的总分值分别为6．55和6．64。     

广西永福县森林可持续经营评价研究

基于2014年广西永福县的森林资源调查数据,依据《中国森林可持续经营标准和指标》和《中国热带地区森林可持续经营指标》等指标体系的相关内容与准则,构建了4个层次36个指标的森林可持续经营评价体系,确定评价体系的权重,利用综合评分法来计算可持续性综合值。结果表明:广西永福县生态系统和森林资源的可持续性均属于可持续阶段,经济和社会可持续性处于弱可持续阶段;实现率分别为0.821 2,0.887 4,0.641 9和0.729 2;永福县森林经营可持续性综合评分为0.770 0,总体上处于弱可持续阶段。     

高保护价值森林的判定标准研究进展

高保护价值森林（HCVF）首次是在1999年森林管理委员会（FSC）上提出的,它作为森林认证的原则之一,包含了6种高保护价值,涵盖了生物多样性、生态服务价值和社会与文化价值3个方面。本文主要从高保护价值森林的定义、评判标准、及其经营措施等几个方面展开论述,旨在促进森林可持续性经营的积极开展。     

森林可持续经营背景下的森林经营管理原则

根据我国森林经营管理原则的历史和现状,明确了可持续发展背景下森林可持续经营是森林经营管理的总目标,指出森林经营管理原则应当既明确具体,有一定的可操作性,又不是具体的标准和指标而不失原则性,是为实现总体目标而进行规划和决策必须遵循的基本约束条件.阐述了实现森林可持续经营的基本要求和现实森林可持续性下降的表现.在此基础上,应用可持续发展理论和森林等级结构原理,提出了森林经营管理应遵循的6项基本原则:系统整体性原则、生态可持续性原则、公益性和社会参与原则、可持续利用原则、经济合理性原则和谨慎性原则.     

森林可持续经营背景下的森林经营管理原则

根据我国森林经营管理原则的历史和现状，明确了可持续发展背景下森林可持续经营是森林经营管理的总目标，指出森林经营管理原则应当既明确具体，有一定的可操作性，又不是具体的标准和指标而不失原则性，是为实现总体目标而进行规划和决策必须遵循的基本约束条件。阐述了实现森林可持续经营的基本要求和现实森林可持续性下降的表现。在此基础上，应用可持续发展理论和森林等级结构原理，提出了森林经营管理应遵循的6项基本原则：系统整体性原则、生态可持续性原因、公益性和社会参与原则、可持续利用原则、经济合理性原则和谨慎性原则。     

生态经济学视角下的森林自然资本分类与功能实现

森林是一种重要的自然资本, 应用生态经济学的自然资本理论分析森林的分类经营包括2层含义:一是森林的分类; 二是分类后的森林经营。对于森林的分类, 应用自然资本理论中的关键自然资本划分原理。关键自然资本的判定须根据重要程度和受到威胁程度2个基本标准, 其中对重要程度应从生态、社会文化和经济这3个维度加以考虑。对于分类后的森林经营, 应用自然资本理论中的功能实现与维持原理进行分析。森林自然资本的功能维持准则是森林可持续经营必须维持森林自然资本的服务功能不下降。在森林可持续经营实践中, 这一准则对森林中的关键自然资本及一般自然资本的具体要求是有区别的, 主要体现在对各种类型自然资本的功能实现度的要求上。     

ISO 14001环境管理体系对我国森林可持续性经营的影响

森林经营无论是采伐林木或是营造人工林都会对自然环境造成一定的影响,这些影响又反作用于森林的生长和可持续性利用.为了实现森林的可持续性经营,一些发达国家的森林经营组织在经营管理上采用ISO14001环境管理体系标准.本文通过论述ISO14001的要求和森林可持续性经营目标之间的联系,针对我国森林经营的具体情况和存在的问题,对我国采用ISO14001标准实现森林可持续性经营提出了建议.     

以可持续森林经营为目标的芬兰资源和林政管理

1992年在巴西召开的世界环境与发展大会发表《关于森林问题的原则声明》以业,制定森林可持续开发的标准和指标受到世界各国的普遍关注。芬兰等30多个欧洲国家共同参与的“赫尔辛基进程”,于1994年6月通过《关于可持续森林经营的欧洲标准和最适定量指标》(简称《标准和指标》),提出可借欧洲各国遵循的6条标准20项定量指标。     

ITTO热带森林可持续经营标准与指标的新进展

从ITTO进程的发展过程、2005年新修订的《ITTO热带森林可持续经营标准与指标》及其与1998年版的ITTO标准与指标的比较3个方面论述ITTO热带森林可持续经营标准与指标的新进展。     

基于PSR模型与层次分析法的区域森林生态安全动态评价

生态安全是可持续发展研究的一个新领域,文章从复合生态系统的内涵出发,以压力（Pressure）—状态（State）—响应（Response）模型（简称PSR）为概念框架,结合层次分析等数学工具,构建以区域为空间尺度的森林生态安全评价指标体系,提出森林安全度模型（FESI）,并对海南省森林生态安全进行定量动态评价。结果表明该方法框架完整、逻辑严密、层次清晰并有很强的操作性;评价结果显示2003～2008年的海南的森林生态安全度总体呈上升趋势。     

Local level criteria and indicator frameworks: A tool used to assess aboriginal forest ecosystem values

Although the importance of aboriginal knowledge, values and perspectives in sustainable development has been recognised for many decades, worldwide examples exist showing that aboriginal involvement is less then effective. How and where to include aboriginal needs and goals has however been problematic. Ultimately, aboriginal forest values need to be considered with scientific strategies and their role and compatibility with forest conditions needs to be explored. Criteria and indicator (C&I) frameworks can be used as a platform to include community needs and goals in management decisions. This review compares aboriginal forest ecological perspectives defined by Canadian local level C&I frameworks with non-aboriginal local level C&I frameworks to identify their differences at the indicator level. Three major themes mark the differences between aboriginal and non-aboriginal indicators: (1) aboriginal frameworks introduce ecological indicators of cultural importance; (2) there is an aesthetic concern for forest operations especially if they affect cultural owners; and (3) indicators regarding the access to resources are more complex and include the sustainability of the productivity, proximity, integrity and quality of resources used in traditional activities. Results show that First Nation forest sustainability issues are in effect a combination of forest conditions and values. Inclusion of forest values in C&I frameworks is necessary because: (1) aboriginal communities do not dissociate culture from the environment and thus forest values from forest condition, (2) they have an impact on resulting forest management strategies and decisions, and (3) they offer a holistic approach to sustainability issues and a better picture of local environmental contexts.     

内蒙古大青山生态公益林可持续经营评价

以内蒙古大青山生态公益林为研究对象,通过实地调查、专家咨询和指标筛选构建了21个指标组成的森林可持续经营评价指标体系。对所构建的评价指标体系采用综合评价指数对大青山生态公益林森林可持续经营效果进行了评价。结果表明:森林可持续经营综合评价指数为0.678,处于弱可持续状态。通过评价找出了影响大青山生态公益林可持续经营的关键因素。     

浙江毛竹林生态经营技术的PRA-DPSIR评价

融合参与式农村评估(PRA)和"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应"模型(DPSIR)2种工具,对浙江11个主要毛竹县(市)1 591户竹农的经营技术开展分析评价。结果表明,浙江竹农毛竹经营采伐强度较大、土地负载高、粗放随意;对留笋养竹、立竹保留量、采伐时间和对象、垦复砍杂等通用技术以及作为新兴基础设施的水分管理有待改进,土壤生态化管理和施肥则需要优先考虑。应强化面向农户的应用技术推广,避免急功近利式的经营导向,重视土壤水肥管理基础上的综合措施应用,确保生态可持续前提下的经营产出。     

大老岭林场可持续经营能力评价

利用专家打分法,结合主成分分析法等多种方法从生态可持续性、经济可持续性、社会可持续性、经营管理水平4个角度出发对湖北宜昌大老岭林场可持续经营能力进行了初步的评价。结果表明大老岭林场可持续经营能力整体上处于比较良好状态。     

Assessing the sustainability in community based forestry: A case from Nepal

Community based forestry is seen as a promising instrument for sustainable forest management (SFM) through the purposeful involvement of local communities. Globally, forest area managed by local communities is on the rise. However, transferring management responsibilities to forest users alone cannot guarantee the sustainability of forest management. A monitoring tool, that allows the local communities to track the progress of forest management towards the goal of sustainability, is essential. A case study, including six forest user groups (FUGs), two from each three community based forestry models—community forestry (CF), buffer zone community forestry (BZCF), and collaborative forest management (CFM) representing three different physiographic regions, was conducted in Nepal. The study explores which community based forest management model (CF, BZCF or CFM) is doing well in terms of sustainable forest management. The study assesses the overall performance of the three models towards SFM using locally developed criteria (four), indicators (26) and verifiers (60). This paper attempts to quantify the sustainability of the models using sustainability index for individual criteria (SIIC), and overall sustainability index (OSI). In addition, rating to the criteria and scoring of the verifiers by the FUGs were done. Among the four criteria, the FUGs ascribed the highest weightage to institutional framework and governance criterion; followed by economic and social benefits, forest management practices, and extent of forest resources. Similarly, the SIIC was found to be the highest for the institutional framework and governance criterion. The average values of OSI for CFM, CF, and BZCF were 0.48, 0.51 and 0.60 respectively; suggesting that buffer zone community forestry is the more sustainable model among the three. The study also suggested that the SIIC and OSI help local communities to quantify the overall progress of their forestry practices towards sustainability. The indices provided a clear picture of forest management practices to indicate the direction where they are heading in terms of sustainability; and informed the users on issues to pay attention to enhance sustainability of their forests.     

Introduction of sustainable management tools in central Zagros forests of Iran

Zagros forests are one of the vegetative regions which have been located in the west of Iran. The investigation of sustainable forest management in Zagros is one of the key issues which make us to consider the challenges concerned with the protection of forest resources and socioeconomic problems of local people. Demand for criteria evaluation and indicators for sustainable forest management from local to national level to conduct administrative affairs have been increased. The aim of the present study is to evaluate 7 criteria and 65 sustainable indicators which have been utilized in the Near East. Accordingly, a questionnaire, with its reliability confirmed by experts, was distributed among involved participants. The results indicated that the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0/729. Then, using DEMATEL model, the sustainability criteria were prioritized and the significant correlation among them determined. Likert scale was also utilized to rank all the indicators, and in terms of their relative weight they were compared with. The result indicated that the most significant criteria were legal, political, and institutional frameworks, and protective functions of forest criterion were the most influential factor. By analyzing the experts’ attitudes, reliance on natural regeneration indicator with the relative weight of 31/15% was the most significant criteria in the region. The existence of number of seed provenance with the relative weight of 9/17% was the least significant role. At the end, 27 verifiers, 25 threshold values, and the most significant indicators in this research were determined.     

A criteria and indicator prognosis for sustainable forest management assessments: Concepts and optional policy baskets for the high forest zone in Ghana

ABSTRACT

This article establishes principles conveyed by criteria and indicators as a useful tool for measuring progress made toward sustainable forest management (SFM). Pedagogically, the conceptual construction raises questions on the following topics: (a) the various management practices and policies that exist in the high forest zone, (b) how criteria and indicators for assessments are selected, and (c) how progress made toward SFM is measured. Performance scores are established for indicators identified within the three sectors (forest ecosystems, forest communities, and the economy) for sustainability assessment. Measuring progress toward SFM operations are quantitatively performed with estimated maximum and minimum thresholds levels at which resource-use would be sustained using the Measure of Forest Resource-Use Sustainability Scale (MoFRUSS). The outcome of the measurement operations, as depicted by MoFRUSS, reveals the actual extent to which stakeholder’s initiatives toward sustainable forest management has progressed and in which direction it is moving. It also offers optional policy baskets for resource management interventions from which the socio-eco economic bundle is recommended if the forestry sector of Ghana’s Vision 2020 (sustainable development) is to be achieved with improved societal well-being, improved environmental health and vitality, and improved economic growth and development.     

三北防护林体系建设工程的生态经济评价——以固原市原州区和辽宁省朝阳县为例

根据工程的特点建立三北工程社会影响评价指标体系,通过深入调查研究取得评价的基础材料,以原州区和朝阳县为例,用定性定量相结合的方法从生态、社会和经济效益3方面对三北工程产生的影响进行系统分析与评价.在探明实施中制约工程有效性和持续性的社会变量的基础上,提出工程可持续发展的若干对策.