1-甲基环丙烯与乙烯吸收剂对黄金梨防褐保鲜效果的研究

研究了0 ℃条件下0.5 μL/L和1.0 μL/L浓度的1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）与乙烯吸收剂（1小袋以及2小袋）不同处理对微孔保鲜袋包装的黄金梨防褐保鲜效果的影响。结果表明：0.5 μL/L和1.0 μL/L 1-MCP处理均有效抑制了贮藏期内果实呼吸作用和乙烯释放，降低了果心酚类物质、丙二醛含量的增加和PPO活性的上升，延缓了果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降，减轻了果心褐变，但1-MCP处理均对果肉造成不同程度的伤害，贮藏210 d时产生果肉褐变；乙烯吸收剂处理可避免1-MCP对果实的伤害，其中乙烯吸收剂2小袋处理可使果实贮藏至240 d。     

1-MCP结合微孔保鲜膜对猕猴桃出库货架期品质影响研究

为探索猕猴桃出库后的货架期品质,以"红阳"猕猴桃为试材,研究了1-MCP结合微孔保鲜膜对其货架期品质的影响。结果表明,1-MCP结合微孔保鲜膜处理可以延缓果实呼吸高峰的出现、降低呼吸高峰值、延长货架期、显著抑制猕猴桃果实硬度的下降、减慢可溶性固形物含量上升速率和淀粉的水解、抑制有机酸的分解、保持VC含量。1-MCP结合微孔保鲜膜能在一定程度上延缓猕猴桃的衰老,具有较好的应用前景。     

1-MCP和外源乙烯处理对番木瓜果实贮藏品质的影响

研究了1-MCP与乙烯利处理对番木瓜果实贮藏品质和成熟衰老的影响.结果表明:乙烯利处理、乙烯利处理后立即用1-MCP处理、乙烯利处理24 h后再用1-MCP处理,均能明显加速果实的软化进程和色泽变化.降低果品品质,缩短贮藏时间;而单独用1-MCP处理则能显著抑制果实的转黄和发病.保持果实中的TA和VC含量,显著延长果实...     

1-MCP处理对海棠果常温货架品质和风味的影响

以不同成熟度海棠果为试材,研究1μL/L 1-MCP处理对常温(25~28℃)货架期果实的贮藏品质和生理变化的影响,并利用电子鼻对不同处理货架期间的海棠果风味进行分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,1-MCP处理可较好地减缓两种成熟度海棠果果实失重率、腐烂率的增加和硬度的下降,保持果实可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量,同时降低呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率,有效地延缓果实衰老,其中低成熟度海棠果更耐贮藏。电子鼻分析显示:低、高成熟度海棠果在常温货架期主成分分析(PCA)累计贡献率分别为98.74%、99.55%。低成熟度海棠果的两种处理在货架期内部分有交叉,高成熟度海棠果的两种处理在货架期内可以完全区分开,表明1-MCP对高成熟度海棠果风味调控更为明显。     

1-甲基环丙烯微胶囊剂对猕猴桃保鲜效果的影响

通过测定猕猴桃贮藏过程中生理生化指标的变化,研究1-甲基环丙烯微胶囊剂采摘后处理对猕猴桃的保鲜效果.4个月低温贮藏期内猕猴桃果肉硬度、失重率及可溶性固形物含量的变化表明:1-MCP微胶囊剂250,500,750 nl/L三个剂量处理的猕猴桃的果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量均高于空白对照处理,而失重率远小于空白对照处理;保鲜效果随着剂量的增加而增加,以750 nl/L剂量处理的保鲜效果最佳.作为优良的乙烯受体抑制剂,1-MCP可以抢先与细胞内部相关受体结合,封阻乙烯与相关受体的结合路径,从而延迟与成熟有关的生理生化反应的发生,保持果实良好的外观品质和营养价值,最大限度的延长果实货架期.     

1-MCP与MAP处理对酥梨半地下通风库贮后货架期品质的影响

研究经1-MCP与MAP处理在半地下通风库贮藏6个月后酥梨果实货架期品质的变化.结果表明,与对照相比,1-MCP处理及PE微孔保鲜膜MAP处理均能明显降低贮后货架期酥梨果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放量,很好地保持果实的硬度,延缓可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,抑制乙醇的产生,延缓衰老,降低黑心指数及腐烂率,较好地保持果实的...     

不同保鲜剂处理对红阳猕猴桃贮藏品质的影响研究

为评价不同保鲜剂处理结合微孔膜对低温贮藏红阳猕猴桃品质的影响,以宁海主产的红阳猕猴桃为试材,采用1.0μL/L 1-MCP,1.0μL/L二氧化氯,0.1%二氧化氯含量缓释保鲜剂,0.2%二氧化氯含量缓释保鲜剂处理,放置于1~3℃冷库中,每隔15 d测试相关指标。结果表明,0.2%的缓释保鲜剂结合微孔膜处理可较好抑制猕猴桃果实品质的下降,同时抑制猕猴桃TSS的上升;0.2%缓释保鲜剂结合微孔膜与1-MCP结合微孔膜处理的猕猴桃组可抑制果实可滴定酸的下降,延缓呼吸高峰的出现,电导率相对较低;1-MCP处理与0.2%的缓释保鲜剂处理无显著性差异;1-MCP与缓释保鲜剂结合微孔膜可有效抑制乙烯生成,阻止呼吸跃变效应,从而延缓果实采后果实代谢和衰老。     

1-MCP对猕猴桃果实品质和细胞氧化还原水平的影响

以中华猕猴桃为试材,分别于0、10、20、30℃条件下采用1μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理12h和24 h后,在20℃条件下贮藏,研究不同1-MCP处理温度和时间对中华猕猴桃果实贮藏品质及其细胞氧化还原水平的影响.结果表明,1-MCP处理12h可显著降低猕猴桃果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,其中在30℃下的处理...     

不同处理方式对蟠桃常温运输及货架期品质的影响

以蟠桃为试材,研究蓄冷剂处理、蓄冷剂+1-MCP和蓄冷剂+乙烯吸收剂处理对常温(25~28℃)运输及货架期间果实品质的影响。结果表明,与纸箱和泡沫箱贮运相比,3种处理方式对降低蟠桃果实呼吸强度、失重率和腐烂率有明显作用,并可延缓果实硬度的降低,保持果实较好的感官品质,其中蓄冷剂处理、蓄冷剂+1-MCP处理可有效降低果实呼吸强度和延缓硬度的下降,蓄冷剂+1-MCP处理、蓄冷+乙烯吸收剂处理对降低果实失重率和腐烂率作用明显。蓄冷剂+1-MCP处理的蟠桃果实常温条件下货架期可延长至7 d。     

1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后生理及保鲜效果的影响

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响。研究结果表明,1-MCP(1-Methylcyclopropene)处理能显著地降低黄金梨果实呼吸强度,降低黄金梨果实冷藏期间的乙烯释放量。0～1℃贮藏180天+20℃7天或20℃30天,明显地延缓黄金梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,有利于果实外观、风味的保持和梨果柄保绿。1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实长期贮藏保鲜效果较为明显。1-MCP处理显著地降低果心褐变指数,可完全抑制黄金梨贮藏期间果实黑皮病的发生,但可能会增强果实对二氧化碳的敏感性。     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on ripening of ‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums

‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums were treated with 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20 °C for 20 h following harvest before 0 °C storage. After 5 days storage for apricots and 10 days for plums and after 30 days storage for both, fruit were moved to 20 °C for ripening. In addition, apricots were stored for 20 days and then treated with 1-MCP concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 nl l⁻¹ at removal and held for ripening. Ethylene production and respiration rate, as well as fruit quality of apricots varied with treatment. Ethylene production was efficiently inhibited by 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-MCP in fruit treated after storage but not in fruit treated before storage. Fruit softening was associated with ethylene production and affected by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner when treated after storage, while 1-MCP did not affect softening in prestorage treated fruit. The color change of fruit was ethylene-independent and not affected by 1-MCP. Internal flesh browning was decreased by 1-MCP regardless of the concentration when treated after storage, while it was enhanced in fruit treated before storage. Decay development in apricots was decreased by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner. Ethylene production and respiration in ‘Royal Zee’ plums was greatly inhibited by 1-MCP during ripening after both short-term (10 day) and long term (30 day) storage. Parameters associated with ripening processes were decreased significantly by 1-MCP, including softening, color change, and loss of titratable acidity. These data demonstrate that 1-MCP has potential to delay ripening of apricots and plums, but the cultivar, maturity of fruit, and time of application must be chosen carefully. It is suggested that 1-MCP is more efficient for extending the shelf life and improving the quality of ‘Canino’ apricots directly marketed or after storage, whereas it might be a potent compound for extending both storage period and shelf life of ‘Royal Zee’ plums.     

1-MCP处理对巴梨果实采后生理效应及黑皮病的影响

以巴梨果实为试材,经浓度为0.5μL·L^-1的1-MCP处理后,分别在常温20℃和低温0℃条件下贮藏,研究1-MCP对其采后生理及贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,用1-MCP处理巴梨果实,可推迟其在常温及冷藏条件下乙烯释放高峰的出现时间,降低乙烯峰值,较好地维持果实的硬度,极显著（P〈0.05）减缓果皮颜色及果实淀粉的转化速率,减少在冷藏4个月时的黑皮指数,显著降低冷藏过程中真菌性病害的发生率。     

常温薄膜包装和乙烯吸收剂对粉蕉贮藏效果的影响

以‘粉杂一号’粉蕉为材料,研究了薄膜包装(MAP)和不同处理后在常温(25±2)℃下贮藏保鲜的效果。采用双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜袋包装,以52℃ 1 min热水、400 mg/L施保克、自主研发的乙烯吸收剂等对果实进行单一或复合处理。结果表明：采用施保克 乙烯吸收剂保鲜效果最好,贮藏时间达到30天,好果率高,果实后熟色泽风味好;其次为采用热水 乙烯吸收剂,贮藏时间也达21天。两者与对照或单一处理相比,明显保持果实的品质及延缓硬度下降、果皮变黄等。常温下用热水或施保克处理后加入乙烯吸收剂,用BOPP薄膜袋包装,可延长粉蕉贮藏时间3倍以上,该技术操作简易、可行有效,适合广大果农在生产上推广应用。     

Anaerobic metabolism during short and long term storage of kiwifruit

Kiwifruit were stored in 0.25% O₂ (ULO), 1% O₂ (LO) and 2% O₂ + 5% CO₂ (CA) and the controls were kept in air. The fruit were held at 0 °C for 34 and 94 d of storage and, after these times, were transferred to 20 °C in air for 14 d of shelf life. During the short term storage (34 d), a significant increase in anaerobic metabolites, above all ethanol, was observed in ULO, LO, and CA fruit (166, 131, 120 μL/L). After the shift to shelf life, a large and unexpected increase in PDC (pyruvate decarboxylase), ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase in the direction of ethanol oxidation), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), and GPT (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase) was observed, resulting in ethanol depletion (ULO) or no further increase, and an increase in acetaldehyde which, in turn, could have hastened fruit ripening. Even the control fruit showed an increase in ethanol during storage and an increase in enzyme activity during shelf life, especially in ADH, but to a lesser extent without an increase in acetaldehyde. During the long term storage, anaerobic metabolites (ethanol and acetaldehyde) still increased and GPT activity rose significantly in the ULO and CA samples. A burst of enzyme activity was also observed during the second shelf life in the CA and LO samples, but not in the control, while in ULO fruit the activity rose continuously. GPT activity showed the highest peaks in CA and ULO fruit. An ethylene burst was observed in ULO and CA fruit during the second shelf life (about 25 μL/kg-h) but not during the first shelf life. The potential role of these enzymes in kiwifruit stress response during storage and shelf life is discussed.     

乙烯吸收剂对丰水梨果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响

为了探讨乙烯吸收剂通过调控环境乙烯,进而抑制梨果实软化的作用,以丰水梨为研究材料,用PE18 μm保鲜袋包装,研究了乙烯吸收剂在0℃条件下,对果实冷藏期间果实硬度、乙烯释放以及细胞壁物质代谢的影响。结果表明,丰水梨果实乙烯释放高峰过后,伴随着果实软化,而果实乙烯释放与袋内环境乙烯浓度变化呈极显著正相关关系,果实硬度与水溶性果胶含量呈极显著负相关关系。乙烯吸收剂通过对环境乙烯的调控作用,抑制了果实乙烯释放和PME、PG活性的升高,使果胶物质降解速度受限,从而有效保持了果实硬度,延缓了果实软化进程。     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on softening of fresh-cut kiwifruit,mango and persimmon slices

Ethylene production is enhanced by wounding during fresh-cut processing and the accumulation of this gas within the packages of fresh-cut fruit can be detrimental to their quality and shelf-life. The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene action blocker, applied before or after processing, on the quality of fresh-cut kiwifruit, mangoes and persimmons was evaluated during storage at 5 °C. Fresh-cut ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit slices softened at a slower rate and their ethylene production rate was decreased in response to 1-MCP application (1 μL L⁻¹ for 6 h at 10 °C) either before or after processing. A 2-min dip in 0.09 M (1%, w/v) CaCl₂ synergistically increased the effect of 1-MCP on firmness retention and 1-MCP did not affect the color (L* value) of fresh-cut kiwifruit slices. Softening and browning (decreasing L* value) were delayed when 1-MCP was applied directly on fresh-cut ‘Kent’ and ‘Keitt’ mango slices. Respiration rate of mango slices was not influenced by 1-MCP whereas the ethylene production was affected only towards the end of their shelf-life. Fresh-cut ‘Fuyu’ persimmons treated with 1-MCP after processing presented higher ethylene production rate, slower softening rate and slower darkening of color (decrease in L* value), whereas the respiration rate was not affected.     

UV-C结合1-MCP处理对香梨采后果实品质及生理活性的影响

以库尔勒香梨(Pyresbretschnei deri Rehd)为试材,研究UV-C结合1-MCP处理对香梨采后品质及生理变化的影响,为香梨采后保鲜及病害控制提供理论依据。香梨采后用UV-C结合1-MCP处理,贮藏于低温(-1℃,RH：90%~95%)条件下,研究其对果实品质和生理活性的影响。结果表明：UV-C结合1- MCP处理能够显著抑制果实硬度的下降,保持较高的可溶性固性物含量,抑制VC含量和色度角的降低。经UV-C结合1-MCP处理的香梨呼吸跃变延后,呼吸高峰降低,乙烯释放量下降,乙烯释放高峰推迟。此外,UV-C结合1-MCP处理降低了细胞膜渗透率的上升,抑制了丙二醛(MDA)含量的增加。由此表明：UV-C结合1-MCP处理能够延缓香梨采后果实的生理衰老,保持果实品质。     

Influence of time from harvest to 1-MCP treatment on apple fruit quality and expression of genes for ethylene biosynthesis enzymes and ethylene receptors

A strong potent inhibitor of ethylene action, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) maintains apple fruit quality during storage. To understand the influence of time after harvest until 1-MCP treatment, we studied expression patterns of genes for ethylene biosynthesis enzymes and ethylene receptors in two apple cultivars, ‘Orin’ and ‘Fuji’, which differ in ethylene production. Ethylene production and expression of MdACS1, MdERS1, and MdERS2 were suppressed in all 1-MCP-treated ‘Fuji’ fruit, but in ‘Orin’, the later 1-MCP was applied after harvest, the less was the suppression of ethylene production and expression of these genes. In fruit in which 1-MCP had low efficacy (e.g., ‘Orin’ treated at 7 DAH), ethylene production and the level of MdERS1 were briefly reduced by 1-MCP treatment at 2 days after treatment, then began to increase. Since ethylene receptors negatively regulate the ethylene signalling pathway, the increased levels of ethylene production and ethylene receptors after 1-MCP treatment might reduce 1-MCP efficacy.