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分析饲料因素对奶牛生产的影响,结果表明:饲料影响奶牛的生长发育、繁殖、泌乳量及健康.根据分析结果,从饲料管理、合理日粮配方、科学饲喂制度、合理提高泌乳量等四方面提出饲料因素对奶牛生产风险的规避措施. 相似文献
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通过对围产期与泌乳早期奶牛营养代谢特征及其与生产性能,繁殖率和健康关系的分析,作者提出改善能量负平衡,调整日粮营养组分,补充维生素和矿物质等营养调控手段,是降低奶牛代谢病发生率,改善繁殖性能,提高生产性能的有效策略. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(8)
<正>培育高产奶牛,对于提高饲料报酬,降低饲养成本,增加泌乳量,提高经济效益等都有着密切的关系。结合生产实际分析,影响奶牛泌乳量的因素主要包括遗传因素、生理因素和环境因素3大方面。其中,选育工作是创高产的前提,饲养管理是发挥产奶性能的关键。1奶牛泌乳量的影响因素同一品种不同个体的奶牛,其泌乳量遗传性能不同,供给的饲料营养水平不同,环境和管理水平不同,泌乳量往往有很大差 相似文献
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奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
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[目的]探究不同方式制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,对其生产性能和经济效益的影响。[方法]选定中国荷斯坦牛开展全株玉米青贮饲喂试验。将28头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组14头。前者饲喂不添加菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮,后者饲喂添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮。统计各组奶牛日均干物质采食量、日均产奶量、料重比、乳脂率和乳蛋白率,计算各组奶牛日均经济效益和试验期总经济效益。[结果]采用添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,奶牛日均干物质采食量和料奶比与对照组差异不显著,但日均产奶量、平均乳脂率和乳蛋白率显著提高(P<0.05)。每头牛日均产奶量增加1.91 kg,乳脂率增加0.22个百分点,乳蛋白率增加0.06个百分点。试验组经济效益明显提高,每头牛日均经济效益增加4.73元,正试期内总经济效益增加1 986.60元。[结论]采用添加青贮菌剂的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,能有效提高奶牛的生产性能和经济效益。 相似文献
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L. R. Williams E. L. Jackson G. J. Bishop‐Hurley D. L. Swain 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(6):1076-1092
This study used a systematic literature review methodology to determine whether there is evidence that drinking frequency has effects on cattle performance, what performance responses to drinking frequency are documented and how performance responses vary according to environmental and animal factors. Electronic databases were searched for English language articles with original data on at least one performance attribute (e.g. water intake, feed intake, live weight) of cattle in response to voluntary drinking frequency or controlled access periods to water. Sixteen experiments on dairy cows and 12 experiments on beef cattle were retrieved from the literature. For beef cattle, all experiments reported reduced water and feed intake with access to water once every second and/or third day compared with once‐daily access. Median reductions of 15% and 25% in water intake and 16% and 9% in feed intake were found across experiments respectively. Live weight responses of beef cattle to access to water were limited and yielded positive, negative and no effects. For dairy cows, most experiments reported reduced water intake, milk yield and milk fat content with access to water twice or once daily compared with controls (ad libitum or ad libitum except at the dairy). Median reductions of 13% and 12% in water intake, 2% and 1% in milk yield and 1% and 2% in milk fat content were found across experiments respectively. Water availability effects on feed intake and live weight were very limited for dairy cows and yielded positive, neutral and negative effects. Season, climate, experiment conditions, animal class and animal genotype were identified to potentially influence intake responses of cattle. The review highlights a number of important gaps in the literature where future work is required to better understand the optimum drinking frequency of cattle and implications of water availability on health, welfare and performance. 相似文献
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在规模化牛场的生产过程中,品种、营养、牛群结构、饲养管理、疾病防治等因素对奶牛生产及经济效益有很大影响。而选择高产品种、调整营养水平、建立合理的牛群结构、采取适宜的饲养管理和疾病防治措施,不仅能够提高奶牛的生产性能、繁殖性能,还能降低饲养成本、提高经济效益。文章对影响奶牛生产性能及经济效益的因素进行论述,为促进我国规模化奶牛业的持续健康发展提供参考。 相似文献
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过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响及经济效益分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究采用在生产条件下的对比饲养试验,通过研究日粮中添加本实验室研发的过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸产品对泌乳高峰期和泌乳中期高产荷斯坦奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响,验证了产品的性能与使用效果,并对经济效益进行了分析。试验选择2~5胎之间、日产奶量30kg以上、处于泌乳高峰期的荷斯坦奶牛20头,随机分为两组,试验组每头每天添加本实验室研发的过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸产品75g。试验结果表明:日粮中添加过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸产品可明显提高荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量(3.0kg/头.d,P0.05)和极显著提高牛奶的乳蛋白含量(0.27个百分点,P0.01),使乳脂肪含量略有降低(0.13个百分点,P0.05),对乳糖含量和乳干物质含量影响很小。在高产奶牛泌乳高峰期日粮中添加过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸能够获得可观的经济效益(8.54元/头.d)。 相似文献
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试验旨在探讨不同降温处理工艺对北京地区泌乳牛夏季生产性能和生理指标的影响。采用单因子试验设计,将30头泌乳牛随机分为A、B、C三组,每组10头,采取不同降温工艺处理,A为对照组,B为风机降温组,C为智能喷淋降温组。试验期为14d,期间提供相同日粮,自由饮水,对夏季牛舍环境指标、奶牛生理指标、行为参数和产奶性能进行持续测定。结果表明:在半开放牛舍中,相比于风扇降温模式,智能喷淋降温模式能有效降低处理过程中温湿指数(P<0.05)、奶牛体表温度(P<0.05)、呼吸频率(P<0.05);增加高温环境下奶牛躺卧时间(P<0.05),缩短站立时间(P<0.05);有效缓解高温导致的日采食量下降和产奶损失,提升夏季牛奶乳脂率(P<0.05);降低牛乳中血清蛋白含量(P<0.05)和体细胞数(P<0.05)。说明在北京地区半开放式养殖模式下,智能喷淋降温能更有效缓解夏季热应激,调节奶牛生理状况和行为活动,提升奶牛夏季生产性能。 相似文献
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为研究日粮添加过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、乳成分、血液生化指标和经济效益的影响,选择96 头体况良好、健康的泌乳早期荷斯坦牛,泌乳天数为(65±15)天。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,按照年龄、胎次和产奶量相近的原则,将96 头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组48 头。对照组为基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)和过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPLys),添加量分别为18 g/头·天和35 g/头·天。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加RPMet和RPLys显著提高产奶量(P=0.034),对干物质采食量和饲料转化率无显著影响(P>0.050);添加RPMet和RPLys显著降低乳尿素氮含量(P=0.015),对乳脂率有增加的趋势(P=0.096),对乳蛋白率、乳体细胞数、乳糖率和总固形物含量无显著影响(P>0.050);添加RPMet和RPLys显著提高血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和血糖(GLU)含量,显著降低尿素氮(BUN)含量(P=0.049),对谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、球蛋白(GLOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量无显著影响(P>0.050);添加RPMet和RPLys可提高经济效益3.60 元/头·天。综上所述,日粮添加RPMet和RPLys可提高泌乳早期奶牛的产奶量,增加经济效益。 相似文献
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This experiment was conducted to study the effect of amino acid balance diet on production performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits in dariy cows.36 healthy Holstein cows in the early lactation period were selected,the average number of lactation (DIM) was (39.69±12.48) d,the average parity was 3.02±0.64.Principle of experiments using single factor randomized experimental design accroding to age,milk yield,parity identical same or similar,the 36 Holstein cows were assigned by random block design to 3 groups,and each group were 12 cows.The control group cows were fed with TMR diets only adding rumen-protected methionine (HMBi);Diets of group 1 and 2 were on the basis of control group,respectively adding two kinds of rumen-protected lysine levels in order to balance the amino acid in diet.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the feeding conversion ratio in groups 1 and 2 were increased by 10.60% and 11.26% (P>0.05),respectively,while the dry matter intake had no significantly changed (P>0.05),the 4% average daily milk yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly increased by 8.65% and 10.58% (P<0.05),respectively,and the milk fat and milk protein yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively.Adding amino acid balance diet had no significantly effects on reproductive performance and health conditions in dariy cows (P>0.05).② When feeding the amino acid balance diets for 60 days,the contents of GLU and TAA in serum of dairy cows were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the BUN content was significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the economic benefits of groups 1 and 2 were increased by 15.09 and 16.36 yuan/(head·d).The results indicated that feeding the amino acid balance diets could significantly improve production performance of dairy cows,and there was a tendency to improve metabolic conditions. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选择36头体况良好的泌乳初期的健康荷斯坦奶牛,平均泌乳天数(DIM)为(39.69±12.48) d、平均胎次为(3.02±0.64)胎。采用单因素随机试验设计,按年龄、产奶量、胎次相同或相近的原则,将36头荷斯坦奶牛区组配对后随机分为3组,每组12头奶牛,其中对照组奶牛饲喂仅添加有瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸(HMBi)的TMR日粮;试验1、2组日粮在对照组的基础上分别添加2种水平的瘤胃保护性赖氨酸,以平衡日粮中的氨基酸。结果表明,①与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛饲料转化率分别提高10.60%和11.26%(P>0.05),而干物质采食量没有显著变化(P>0.05),平均每日4%校正乳产量分别显著提高了8.65%和10.58%(P<0.05),并可显著或极显著增加乳脂和乳蛋白产量(P<0.05;P<0.01);饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛繁殖性能、健康状况无显著影响(P>0.05)。②饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮60 d时,奶牛血清中葡萄糖、总氨基酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛经济效益分别增加了15.09和16.36元/(头·d)。综上所述,饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮能显著提高奶牛的生产性能,具有改善奶牛代谢状况的趋势。 相似文献
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选取沧州奶牛养殖小区体重、产奶量、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为4组,对照组日粮组成为秸秆加精料,试验组添加不同水平苜蓿干草,分析对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响。结果表明,试验组与对照组干物质采食量差异显著(P<0.05),试验组产奶量显著提高,差异极显著(P<0.01);乳脂率有所降低,差异不显著(P>0.05);乳蛋白、非脂乳固形物极显著提高(P<0.01);体细胞数显著下降(P<0.05)。添加苜蓿使牛奶品质得到明显改善。经济效益分析结果表明,日粮中添加苜蓿能显著提高奶牛养殖业的整体效益。 相似文献