粤北地区规模化猪场猪瘟抗体水平监测与免疫效果分析

为了解粤北地区规模化猪场猪瘟抗体水平和免疫效果,采用ELISA法对来自粤北地区的13个规模化猪场的1 290份血清样品进行了猪瘟抗体检测。结果表明:公猪猪瘟抗体合格率为66.67%~100%,经产母猪抗体合格率为58.06%~100%,后备母猪抗体合格率为50.98%~96.00%,保育猪抗体合格率为14.23%~50.00%,生长育肥猪抗体合格率为40.00%~93.00%。说明粤北地区不同猪场间猪瘟抗体水平和变异系数差异较大,同一猪场不同阶段猪群抗体水平也有一定差异,但总体表现为种猪群疫苗免疫效果比商品猪群理想,种猪群中公猪比母猪免疫效果好,商品猪群中生长育肥猪抗体水平比保育猪理想。     

株洲县猪瘟免疫血清学监测与分析

为了评估株洲县猪场猪瘟免疫状况,选择株洲县12个规模化猪场、24个散养户、2个生猪屠宰场,随机采取456份血清样品,用正向间接血凝方法进行猪瘟抗体水平检测。结果显示:规模化猪场、散养户和屠宰场猪群猪瘟抗体效价合格率分别为97.92%、94.10%和91.66%,平均合格率达到95.17%。母猪、保育猪、育肥猪和商品猪不同年龄段猪群猪瘟免疫抗体合格率分别为98.68%、97.36%、94.73%和92.76%。     

某规模化猪场主要疫病抗体水平检测与分析

为了解某猪场猪瘟、蓝耳病及伪狂犬病三大疫病的免疫与感染状态,评价免疫效果及潜在风险,为免疫程序制定提供理论依据。采集各猪群血液样品,用ELISA方法进行了猪瘟、蓝耳病及伪狂犬病的抗体检测,结果表明,该猪场猪蓝耳病免疫效果比较理想。但保育猪猪瘟抗体阳性率及阻断率偏低,初免设计不合理,存在一定的感染风险,各猪群存在较高比例的伪狂犬病野毒感染,基于抗体检测结果建议调整优化免疫程序并加强生物安全体系建设。     

猪瘟、猪蓝耳病、猪口蹄疫免疫抗体检测分析

为了实时掌握伊州区猪瘟(Classical swine fever, CSF)、猪蓝耳病(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, PRRS)、口蹄疫(Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMD)抗体免疫状况,研究采用ELISA方法对该区的156份血样进行了猪瘟(CSF)、猪蓝耳病(PRRS)、口蹄疫(FMD)抗体检测。结果表明:规模场猪群猪瘟、猪蓝耳病、口蹄疫抗体合格率分别69.23%、70.51%、79.49%,其中猪瘟免疫效果不理想,必须实施紧急补免;散养户猪群猪瘟、猪蓝耳病、口蹄疫抗体合格率分别80.77%、79.49%、96.15%,免疫效果均较理想。此次检测为更进一步做好全区猪群CSF、PRRS和FMD的有效防控提供了基本参考和科学依据。     

临西县猪瘟病毒、口蹄疫病毒O型和A型抗体血清学检测与分析

为了解河北省临西县部分猪场猪瘟病毒和口蹄疫病毒疫苗免疫效果，本研究于2022年从临西县部分猪场采集血清样品550份，采用ELISA法分别检测猪瘟、口蹄疫病毒O型和A型抗体合格率，并进一步统计和分析数据。结果显示，该地区猪群口蹄疫O型和A型抗体合格率均超过90%，而猪瘟抗体合格率为77.3%，均达到国家70%以上合格率的要求。进一步分析发现，所有猪场/发育阶段猪群口蹄疫O型和A型抗体合格率差异较小，所有猪场合格率均高于80%；但不同猪场和发育阶段猪群猪瘟抗体合格率存在差异，部分猪场猪瘟抗体阳性率低于70%；保育猪和育肥猪较母猪群抗体阳性率低，分别为70.39%和66.67%。以上研究结果表明，临西县口蹄疫O型、A型和猪瘟疫苗免疫效果均较好，超过国家制定的最低标准，但仍然有个别猪场或猪群存在猪瘟疫苗抗体合格率不高的现象，应引起重视。     

规模猪场主要疫病抗体水平监测及免疫效果分析

采用血凝试验和酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) ,检测了杭州市 2 4个规模猪场 91 1份血清中的猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪繁殖和呼吸综合征 (蓝耳病 )抗体效价。结果表明 :规模猪场猪瘟免疫效果较好 ,免疫合格率达 85 6 % ,其中母猪免疫合格率 (92 6 % )高于种猪 (78 2 % )和肥育猪(62 4% ) ;猪伪狂犬病抗体阳性场达 2 0个 ,猪抗体阳性率为 40 0 7% ,其中母猪为 50 2 4 % ;猪蓝耳病抗体阳性血清数为 362份 ,占 39 74% ,其中 ,种猪最高 ,为 50 6 % ,其余依次为肥育猪 (48 3 % )和母猪 (35 4% ) ,猪蓝耳病抗体阳性场数为 1 7个 ,占 70 83 %。     

一小型规模化猪场引进种猪疫苗免疫前后检测与分析

通过对本地一小型规模猪场引进种猪免疫前后猪瘟、高致病性猪蓝耳病和伪狂犬病的跟踪抗体检测分析,根据检测结果及时加强免疫接种,避免猪场疫病发生和流行。结果显示,猪瘟抗体合格率从引种时的60.9%提高到93.3%,高致病性猪蓝耳病抗体合格率从引种时的38.1%提高到97.1%,伪狂犬病gB抗体合格率从引种时的52.3%提高到96.2%,免疫效果显著。     

双江县2020—2022年猪瘟、猪蓝耳病免疫抗体监测结果分析

为了掌握双江县2020—2022年规模化养殖场和散养户猪群中猪瘟、猪蓝耳病免疫抗体现状，随机在双江县内接种过猪瘟、蓝耳病疫苗的规模场和散养户中采集猪血清样品584份，应用ELISA方法进行猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体的检测和分析。结果：2020—2022年猪瘟抗体合格率分别为92.41%、91.67%、85%,其中规模场抗体合格率分别为80%、84%、72%,散养户抗体合格率分别为95.98%、94.61%、90%,均达到国家强制免疫标准(70%);2020—2022年猪蓝耳病抗体合格率分别为88.84%、62.78%、58.33%,其中规模场抗体合格率分别为100%、76%、62%,散养户抗体合格率分别为85.63%、62.5%、56.92%。近三年猪瘟免疫效果理想，但猪蓝耳病免疫效果不理想，猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体水平均呈逐年下降的趋势，需进一步采取应对措施，提高区域内的生猪疫病防控水平，并为双江县内猪瘟、猪蓝耳病的有效防控提供参考依据。     

规模猪场四种主要病毒性疾病的抗体检测

采用进口ELISA试剂盒检测规模猪场母猪、保育猪血清中猪瘟、猪蓝耳病、猪伪狂犬病和猪圆环病毒病等的抗体水平.结果表明,被检测规模猪场的猪瘟抗体合格率为65.2%,特别是保育阶段仔猪抗体水平比较低,只有55.3%.伪狂犬病野毒抗体阳性率达19.01%,母猪与保育猪之间差异不大;而伪狂犬病gB抗体阳性率母猪可达92.6%,保育仔猪只有80%.PRRS抗体水平母猪与仔猪之间差异不显著,分别为88.4%和85.9%,这些场都有注射PRRS弱毒苗,说明该疫苗免疫后抗体转阳率比较高.圆环病毒2型的抗体检测阳性率达91.2%.     

规模猪场猪瘟病原及抗体监测分析

采用阻断ELTSA方法检测湖南9个规模猪场猪瘟抗体,评价规模猪场猪群猪瘟免疫状况。结果显示,经产母猪猪瘟抗体阳性率82%,合格率64%;后备母猪猪瘟抗体阳性率80%,合格率60%;公猪猪瘟抗体阳性率93%,合格率86%。对21个规模猪场采集的85份病料进行了猪瘟的病原检测,结果显示,6个猪场共9份病料中猪瘟核酸阳性(RT-PCR方法),阳性场中5个猪场为中小型猪场,1个为种猪场。猪场的猪瘟阳性检出率为28.6%,病料的猪瘟阳性检出率为10.6%。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。