黑熊血液有形成分显微及亚微结构的研究

利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术对5只黑熊血液有形成分进行了系统观察.结果表明:红细胞为圆饼状,直径为7.4μm,胞质均质,电子密度中等,未见有任何细胞器,中性粒细胞胞质内含有大量体积较小、形态多样、电子密度不同的中性颗粒,嗜酸粒细胞胞质内的嗜酸性颗粒含有纵向排列、电子密度高的长方形晶体;嗜碱粒细胞除含有体积较大、内含小粒的嗜碱性颗粒外,还含有数量较多体积较小的颗粒;单核细胞和淋巴细胞与其他种哺乳动物相应细胞形态结构类似;血小板体积较小,直径为3μm,无核,基质内含有两种颗粒,即一种是体积较大,且电子密度较高的致密颗粒,另一种为体积较小,内有芯样结构的特殊颗粒.     

日本七鳃鳗血细胞显微及亚显微结构

用光镜和透射电镜技术对１０尾日本七鳃鳗的血细胞进行了观察。结果表明：红细胞为圆形或椭圆形,胞质不很均匀,电子密度较低,含有板状嵴线粒体,核呈圆形或椭圆形。中性粒细胞表面有伪足,形态各异,胞质内含有Ａ、Ｂ２种颗粒（Ａ型颗粒为圆形,电子密度较低;Ｂ型颗粒为长椭圆形,电子密度较高）。嗜酸粒细胞数量较少,胞质内含有Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３种形态各异的有膜颗粒（Ａ型颗粒为圆形,电子密度较高,均质;Ｂ型为长椭圆形,颗粒中央有电子密度较高的长椭圆形致密芯;Ｃ型内含有电子密度较高的杆状致密芯,位于颗粒一侧）。单核细胞表面有伪足,胞质内含有粗面内质网、板状嵴线粒体、溶酶体和液泡。淋巴细胞为圆形,核较大,胞质内含有板状嵴线粒体、粗面内质网和嗜天青颗粒。血栓细胞体积较小,形态各异,胞质内含有线粒体、粗面内质网和细小颗粒。     

康贝尔鸭血细胞电子显微镜观察

对20只康贝尔鸭的血细胞进行了透射电子显微镜观察。结果表明,鸭血细胞大部分与鸡血细胞类似。但本身也有特点。红细胞胞质内未发现有高尔基复合体;嗜酸粒细胞的嗜酸性颗粒内含有结晶体,此外,这种细胞还含有一种小的不含晶体的微小颗粒;嗜硷粒细胞的嗜硷性颗粒,基本是一种,不再分型;血栓细胞胞质内的致密颗粒数量很少。     

鸡血细胞电子显微镜观察

本研究对20只鸡的血细胞进行了电子显微镜观察,观察结果表明、鸡的血细胞与家畜的血细胞在超微结构方面有许多不同。特别是:红细胞不但有细胞核.而且胞质内还含有线粒体、高尔基复合体和自噬体;假嗜酸性粒细胞的特殊颗粒可分为A、B、C三种类型;嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒为均质无构造;嗜硷性粒细胞的嗜硷性颗粒又分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两型;血栓细胞有细胞核,细胞质中的特殊颗粒可分为α颗粒和致密颗粒。     

家禽骨髓内红细胞、白细胞发生的显微和亚显微结构特点

利用光镜和电镜对鹅、鸭和鸡骨髓内红细胞和白细胞发生的显微和亚显微结构进行了研究。结果显示 :鹅骨髓内红细胞系的体积比鸭的略大。光镜下鸭、鹅异嗜性粒细胞 ,在早幼阶段胞质内出现少量圆形颗粒 ;在晚幼阶段出现较多暗红色的圆形、杆状、梭形颗粒。嗜酸性粒细胞在早幼阶段胞质内出现少量着桔红色的圆形颗粒 ;晚幼阶段颗粒多呈杆状 ,胞核轮廓清楚。嗜碱性粒细胞在各阶段胞质内散布紫红色的细小颗粒。电镜下鸡原始红细胞多附着在窦壁上 ,核周隙窄 ,核孔数量较多 ;而成熟红细胞多分布在近血窦中央处 ,核周隙宽 ,核孔数量较少。异嗜性颗粒在早幼阶段可分 A型和 B型。嗜碱性颗粒分为 型和 型 ,它们分别在中幼和晚幼阶段出现。嗜酸性颗粒呈均质的圆形     

鹅胸腺APUD(样)细胞的超微结构

应用透射电镜在鹅胸腺内发现一种ＡＰＵＤ（样）细胞。这种细胞形态不规则,有突起伸入相邻细胞之间;胞核圆形,电子密度低,核仁明显;胞质内含有粗面内质网、线粒体等丰富的细胞器。其主要特征是含有大量的多分布于胞质一侧的膜包小分泌颗粒,呈圆形或椭圆形,大小不等,直径１１０～５５０ｎｍ,有些颗粒在界膜与内含物之间可见低电子密度的晕轮。根据其超微结构特征,可将颗粒分为３型：Ⅰ型颗粒为中等电子密度;Ⅱ型颗粒为均质状高电子密度;Ⅲ型颗粒在中等电子密度中含有一高电子密度的核芯。作者认为这种细胞属于内分泌细胞,并且很可能是分泌肽类激素的ＡＰＵＤ细胞。     

鸡骨髓内嗜酸性粒细胞发生的形态特点

对雏鸡骨髓内嗜酸性粒细胞发生的形态结构进行了光镜和电镜观察。嗜酸性颗粒从早幼阶段开始出现，随着细胞的不断发育，颗粒的数量逐渐增多。嗜酸性颗粒呈圆形，大小相近，着桔红色，内部结构均匀，电子密度中等，胞核轮廓清楚，异染色质较少。     

恒河猴肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞的电镜观察

应用透射电镜观察了恒河猴肾上腺髓质含有的 3种嗜铬细胞 ,即明嗜铬细胞、暗嗜铬细胞和小颗粒嗜铬细胞的超微结构特征。明嗜铬细胞卵圆形或略微不规则形 ,电子密度较低 ,胞核圆形 ;胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒。分泌颗粒多为圆形 ,直径 130～ 35 0 nm,根据其超微结构 ,可分为 2型 : 型颗粒 ,电子密度高 ,核芯呈均质状 ,有的核芯偏于颗粒一侧 ; 型颗粒 ,电子密度中等或较低 ,核芯为细粒状 ,不偏位。暗嗜铬细胞多边形或不规则形 ,电子密度较高 ,胞核不规则形 ;分泌颗粒与明嗜铬细胞相似。小颗粒嗜铬细胞与明嗜铬细胞相似 ,但分泌颗粒较小 ,直径 10 0～ 2 5 0 nm。     

余干乌骨鸡胸腺4种内分泌细胞超微结构特点和形态计量学分析

为阐明禽类胸腺内分泌细胞类型,并进一步了解禽类胸腺发挥功能的结构基础,本试验应用石蜡切片、普通光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术观察余干乌骨鸡胸腺组织显微和超微结构,并通过形态计量学对相关细胞参数进行测量和分析。结果显示,余干乌骨鸡胸腺分为很多小叶,每个小叶明显的分为外周的皮质和中间的髓质。髓质内含有胸腺小体。胸腺内还有黑色素分布。超微结构显示,胸腺内含有较多的淋巴细胞、上皮网状细胞和黑色素细胞,并有多种形态的内分泌细胞。内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒的形状和电子密度等特征皆存在差异。根据内分泌细胞的形态和胞质内分泌颗粒的特征,胸腺内分泌细胞分为4种类型。Ⅰ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒多呈规整的圆形,电子密度高,大小不等,直径介于400～770 nm。Ⅱ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒形态差异较大,多呈卵圆形,或两端粗大、中间细长的哑铃型,电子密度高,直径介于265～1 320 nm。Ⅲ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒呈圆形或卵圆形,中等电子密度,也有颗粒呈电子疏松的囊泡状,直径介于180～340 nm。Ⅳ型内分泌细胞胞质内分泌颗粒呈圆形或卵圆形,颗粒类脂型或黏液型,电子密度低,直径介于510～1 280 n...     

成鸡卵巢嗜酸性细胞、卵泡外腺细胞和卵泡膜腺细胞微细结构的研究

对成鸡卵巢的嗜酸性细胞、卵泡外腺细胞和卵泡膜腺细胞作H.E染色、油红—O染色和电子染色,然后进行光镜和电镜观察。结果:嗜酸性细胞单个分布在卵巢基质中,形态不一。胞核形态多样,异染色质数量中等,核仁位于核的偏中心部位。胞质中有许多电子密度较高的圆形嗜酸性颗粒,高尔基复合体发育良好,粗面内质网数量中等,有少量嵴少、基质电子密度低的线粒体,其它细胞器较少,油红—O染色阴性。卵泡外腺细胞分布在卵泡之间,由数个细胞结合成一细胞团。细胞形态多样。胞核圆形或卵圆形,一至数个核仁,异染色质少。胞质中充满大小不一的卵圆形脂滴,线粒体嵴多、基质电子密度较高,有管状嵴和板状嵴,还有较多囊泡状的滑面内质网,粗面内质网数量少,油红—O染色阳性反应。卵泡膜腺细胞也是数个细胞结合成一细胞团,分布在卵泡膜内层,结构与卵泡外腺细胞极为相似,油红—O染色阳性。卵泡外腺细胞和卵泡膜腺细胞都具有分泌类固醇激素细胞的结构特征。     

A light and electron microscopic study of a normal adrenal medulla and a pheochromocytoma from a horse.

The outer medullary (juxtacortical) zone of a normal equine adrenal gland had columnar chromaffin-positive cells arranged with their long axes perpendicular to fine vascular channels. The deeper medullary regions were composed of smaller irregularly round to polygonal chromaffin positive cells in small packets. Both cell types contained two types of membrane-bound cytoplasmic secretory granules. Osmiophilic granules with a homogeneous core, crenated membrane and narrow submembranous halo predominated in the columnar juxtacortical cells. The rounder, central medullary cells contained predominantly electron dense granules with a wide irregular electron lucent space between an eccentric core and the granule membrane. In contrast, irrespective of cell type or zone, cells from a pheochromocytoma contained only one type of granule similar to that described for the juxtacortical region of the normal equine adrenal medulla. The tumor cells could be classified into three subtypes based on density of granule packing but the granules were morphologically similar in all tumor cells.     

弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白6（GRA6）的研究进展

致密颗粒是由弓形虫致密颗粒细胞器分泌的一类具有免疫活性的蛋白质,它们在弓形虫的入侵,虫体在宿主细胞内的存活和繁殖方面起着重要作用。本文就致密颗粒蛋白6的分子结构、在虫体入侵中的作用、虫体基因分型以及在弓形虫病诊断和疫苗研制等方面的研究进展作一简要综述。     

An ultrastructural study of granulocytic development in feline bone marrow

Granulocyte development in the bone marrow of foetal cats was studied using cytological smears and transmission electron microscopy. The three types of granulocytes could be distinguished at the promyelocyte stage on the basis of granule content. Neutrophilic promyelocytes had numerous primary (azurophilic) granules while the eosinophilic and basophilic promyelocytes had specific granules. Specific granules had developed in the neutrophil by the myelocyte stage. The appearance of the specific granules was compared to findings in other reports on cat granulocytes, in other animals and in man.     

Ultrastructure of Developing and Mature Caprine Leukocytes

Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that, based on the structural uniqueness of the granules, caprine granulocytes are easily distinguishable from each other from the promyelocyte stage onwards. The neutrophils had the smallest granules which varied in size and were, in mature cells, either spherical to dumb-bell in shape; in mature cells the granule contents were compact and finely granular. The primary granules were smaller than the secondary granules. The eosinophil granules were large and typically had internal crystalloid structures; a second group of spherical granules with moderately coarse non-crystalloid sub-structure was present in smaller numbers in promyelocytes and myelocytes only. The basophil granules were also large, lackes crystalloids but showed variation in coarseness of granule substance, ranging from finely granular to markedly coarse. Mature granulocytes lackes Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes which were present in promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and bands. The monocytes had moderate numbers of spherical granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and ribosomes, as well as prominent Golgi apparatus, and the cytoplasm had many small vacuoles.     

Piecemeal degranulation (PMD) morphology in feline circulating eosinophils

Buffy coat preparation from six cats with 600-4560 circulating eosinophils/microL was collected by either blood centrifugation or sedimentation, fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in either 1% osmium or in 1.5% potassium ferrocyanide-reduced osmium, ultra-sectioned and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes of piecemeal degranulation (PMD), which is a mechanism of eosinophil granule contents release indicative of eosinophil activation, were observed in specific granules from all the samples examined. The spectrum of PMD included coarsening of the granule matrix, budding vesicles, fragmented granule cores and lucent granules. The number of presumably activated eosinophils with ultrastructural evidence of PMD did not correlate with the level of eosinophilia. The lack of correlation suggested that, analogously with humans, blood eosinophil count might not represent the best criterion to evaluate the contribution of eosinophils to tissue damage in certain feline eosinophil-associated diseases.     

Normal ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics of canine lacrimal glands

Lacrimal glands of 12 dogs free of ocular disease were examined to determine the normal structure of these glands. The glands consisted of tubuloacinar cells that ultrastructurally and histochemically were of a single type of secretory cell in the tubules and possibly 3 types of secretory cells in the acini. The tubular epithelium contained homogenous electron-dense granules that stained as neutral glycoconjugates (periodic acid-Schiff positive and Alcian blue and high iron diamine negative). The predominant acinar cells contained granules of lesser electron density than those of the tubules, and stained as sialomucin (Alcian blue [pH 2.5] and periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and high iron diamine-negative). A second type of acinar cell was in peripheral lobules that ultrastructurally and histochemically appeared like lipid granules (positive with oil red O and osmium tetroxide). Ultrastructurally, a third type of acinar granule was finely granular, electron-lucent, and frequently coalesced. It was not readily apparent whether the latter was an artifact, a stage in the maturation of the sialomucin granules, or a third type of acinar granule. Individual acinar cells usually had a predominance of 1 granule type, but greater than 1 granule type could be found in some cells. The basal surfaces of the acinar, tubular, and ductal cells were incompletely ensheathed by myoepithelial cells. Plasma cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, fat cells, and Schwann cells composed the cellular elements of the interstitium. Lymphocytes, mast cells, and nerve endings also were found in the parenchyma.