食欲肽及其受体

下丘脑在动物摄食及机体能量平衡中起重要作用。已经发现由下丘脑分泌的多种激素、神经肽等在调节机体摄食中具有重要作用。最近从下丘脑外侧区分离出 2种新的神经肽—食欲肽A和食欲肽B ,它们经蛋白水解作用来自于同一前体—前食欲肽原 ,具有促进动物摄食的作用。这为下丘脑外侧区在调节摄食提供了新的分子基础     

胃饥饿素对鱼类摄食调控的研究进展北大核心CSCD

胃饥饿素(Ghrelin)又称作生长激素释放肽,作为脑肠肽,其可促进鱼类摄食。有研究报道禁食或摄食前可提高鱼类Ghrelin表达水平,中枢或外周注射Ghrelin可增加鱼类的摄食量。本文根据Ghrelin在哺乳动物和鱼类上的研究进展,阐述了Ghrelin的结构、组织分布和对鱼类摄食的调控及相关机制,为今后鱼类摄食调控及生长的研究和生产实践提供理论依据。     

胃饥饿素对鱼类摄食调控的研究进展

胃饥饿素(Ghrelin)又称作生长激素释放肽,作为脑肠肽,其可促进鱼类摄食。有研究报道禁食或摄食前可提高鱼类Ghrelin表达水平,中枢或外周注射Ghrelin可增加鱼类的摄食量。本文根据Ghrelin在哺乳动物和鱼类上的研究进展,阐述了Ghrelin的结构、组织分布和对鱼类摄食的调控及相关机制,为今后鱼类摄食调控及生长的研究和生产实践提供理论依据。     

Ghrelin在调节摄食和能量代谢中的作用

Ghrelin是在大鼠和人胃内发现的一种含有28个氨基酸的生长激素释放肽,酰基化Ghrelin是生长激素促分泌素受体(GHS-R)的内源性配体。Ghrelin与受体结合后,具有促进生长激素释放、增加食欲、调节消化系统功能和能量代谢等作用。文章对Ghrelin在调节摄食和能量代谢中的作用进行了综述,为新的添加剂的开发和应用提供依据。     

增食欲素A在动物糖脂代谢平衡中的作用和机制

糖脂代谢平衡是机体生命活动的基础,对机体生理功能的正常发挥有重要作用.下丘脑是糖脂代谢的中枢调节部位,其分泌的增食欲素A在糖脂代谢调控中的作用正逐渐受到人们的关注.增食欲素A经过自主神经的传递作用调节葡萄糖和脂肪的产生和利用,外周组织中产生的增食欲素A可以通过调节相关酶的活性和数量来实现糖脂代谢的平衡.本文综述了增食欲素A及其受体的结构和特征,其在机体糖脂代谢中的调控作用和信号转导途径,以及其对糖脂代谢的调节与动物生产的关系.     

神经肽Y受体在摄食调控中的作用

神经肽Y(NPY)是下丘脑最主要的神经化学信号物质之一,在机体的摄食活动中发挥了重要作用。大量研究表明,NPY可以通过受体介导来刺激食欲。文章主要综述了NPY相关受体在采食调控中的作用,以期为生产实际中调控动物采食量提供理论参考。     

Ghrelin对动物生殖调控的研究进展

Ghrelin是一种主要由胃肠道分泌产生的28个氨基酸组成的多肽,具有促进生长激素释放、促进摄食、参与能量代谢平衡等多种生理作用,近年来研究表明Ghrelin也参与动物生殖的调控。Ghrelin及其受体在下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴都有分布,体内外试验表明,Ghrelin在下丘脑、垂体和卵巢(睾丸)水平上对生殖具不同调节作用。基于此,论文就Ghrelin对动物生殖调控的研究进展做一综述。     

氧化脂质对机体脂肪沉积的调控作用及机制

动物体内不同部位的脂肪沉积对其胴体品质和肉品质具有重要影响。同时,人体中过多脂肪沉积会导致肥胖及相关代谢疾病的发生。因此,调控机体脂肪沉积对提高动物产品品质和改善人类健康均具有重要意义。氧化脂质(oxylipins)是一类多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)氧化代谢产物,越来越多研究表明,氧化脂质对机体脂肪沉积具有重要调控作用。本文总结了氧化脂质在脂肪生成、脂肪代谢、脂肪组织褐色化及产热等方面的调控作用及其可能作用机制,为深入了解PUFA调控机体脂肪沉积的作用机制及其应用提供参考依据。     

生长激素释放肽及其生物学效应

生长激素释放肽(Ghrelin)是一种在动物体内广泛存在的生长激素促分泌素受体(GHSR)的内源性配体, Ghrelin与位于下丘脑的GHSR结合后,具有促进生长激素释放、增加食欲、调节消化系统功能及能量代谢等作用。文章就Ghrelin的结构、分布、生物学效应及在畜牧业上的应用前景等方面进行综述,以期促进Ghrelin的进一步深入研究。     

小肽转运载体的生物学特征、影响因素及对肠道稳态的调控

小肽转运载体介导的小肽的吸收在促进动物的生长发育和提高动物生产性能中发挥着重要作用。肠道作为动物营养物质消化吸收的主要部位，肠道内环境的稳态对动物机体的健康和生长发育至关重要。由于小肽转运载体参与营养物质转运及调控肠道稳态与肠道炎症，所以肽转运蛋白成为了营养学、生理学、药理学上的研究焦点。本文就小肽转运载体的结构、转运机制、功能、表达及活性调控进行了综述，特别总结了小肽转运载体1在肠道炎症与调控肠道稳态中的作用。     

Ghrelin生物学功能的研究进展

Ghrelin是一种在大鼠和人胃内新发现的生长激素促分泌素受体(GHS-R)的内源性配基,有28个氨基酸,起促生长激素释放作用。当Ghrelin与位于垂体和下丘脑的GHS-R结合后,产生一系列生物学效应。本文从生长激素释放、机体生长发育、食欲和采食量、能量代谢、胃酸分泌等方面综述了Ghrelin的生物学功能,并初步探讨其在畜牧业上的应用前景。     

植物miR159靶向MYB基因家族的调控作用及其跨界调控哺乳动物生理功能的研究进展

植物miR159靶向MYB基因家族在植物的生长发育、新陈代谢、逆境响应及病原防御等多种生理过程中发挥关键作用。植物miR159可以跨界调控哺乳动物的生理功能,如抑制肿瘤生长、改善能量代谢、抗氧化应激、调节机体免疫功能等。阐述了miR159通过调控MYB基因家族参与多种植物营养生长、逆境胁迫、开花和果实发育过程,以及外源性植物miR159跨界调控哺乳动物生理功能和对乳腺癌的调控作用,以期为后续深入研究植物miR159的调控网络以及跨物种调控机制提供参考。     

生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)促生长作用和应用前景

生长激素释放肽(ghrelin)是在大鼠和人胃内发现的,是一种生长激素促分泌素受体(growth hormone secretagogue receptor,GHSR)的内源性配体.ghrelin与位于垂体、下丘脑的GHSR结合后,具有促进生长激素释放、增加食欲、调节消化系统功能和能量代谢等作用.本文对ghrelin的...     

A role of ghrelin in cancerogenesis

Ghrelin is a 28 amino-acid multi-functional peptide hormone, which was identified as a natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Pituitary growth hormone-releasing activity in both animals and humans has been well documented. It has various biological functions, including regulation of appetite and body weight, control of energy homeostasis, modulation of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system and anti-inflammatory effect. However, both ghrelin and its receptor (GHS-R) are widely distributed in various tumors, which strongly implies their role in neoplastic cell growth trough autocrine/paracrine mechanism. Multiple studies have demonstrated the role of ghrelin in cancer cells proliferation, differentiation, invasiveness and apoptosis inhibition. The ghrelin axis is more complex than it was originally thought and consist of several compounds that might interact with each other and affect ghrelin activities. Here, we provide an overview of the ghrelin and its receptor role in tumor progression.     

禽类Ghrelin研究进展

Ghrelin是从小鼠的胃中提纯并鉴定了的一种促生长激素分泌受体的特定内源性配体,是一种新的脑肠肽,由胃黏膜分泌,能影响哺乳动物的摄食、饮水和消化道的活动以及动物体内其他激素的分泌、从而影响其生长发育,关于Ghrelin在禽类的报道较少.为了更全面的了解禽类Ghrelin的研究作进展,为开展禽类Ghrelin的研究提供...     

脑肠肽激素Ghrelin及其在动物生产中的应用展望

Ghrelin是一种的由28个氨基酸组成的脑肠肽激素,是生长激素促泌素受体的内源性配体,主要由胃的一种内分泌细胞分泌,也分布于其他许多组织中,如下丘脑、垂体和胰腺等。Ghrelin与其特异性受体结合后,会产生一系列生物学效应,如刺激垂体前叶释放生长激素,增加采食,调节能量平衡,促进胃酸分泌和胃肠蠕动等作用。Ghrelin可能是新发现的下丘脑、垂体、胃之间内分泌调节的联系纽带,在动物生产中将起到重要的作用。     

Ghrelin在仔猪上的应用展望

Ghrelin是新近发现的一种生长激素促分泌素受体的内源性配体,具有刺激垂体前叶释放生长激素、增强食欲、调节能量平衡,促进胃酸、胃动素、胃泌素和消化酶分泌等作用。Ghrelin可能是新发现的下丘脑、垂体、胃之间内分泌调节的联系纽带,在仔猪生产中将起到重要的作用。     

Melanocortin-4 receptor in sheep: a potential site for therapeutic intervention in disease models

Reduced appetite combined with increased metabolic rate and decreased lean body mass is a major consequence of disease and other stressors. Studies in rodent species suggest that an understanding of appetite regulation may provide methodologies for intervention to prevent the deterioration of body mass such as observed with cancer or infectious diseases. For example, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) antagonists have shown a remarkable ability to reverse or prevent cachexia in rodents with sarcoma or treated with endotoxin. Studies in sheep have indicated that a number of peptide neurotransmitters may have a role in regulating appetite in this species. For example, agouti related protein mRNA and protein levels are dramatically altered with fasting in sheep. Moreover, agouti related protein, neuropeptide Y, melanin concentrating hormone and orexin are potent stimuli to increase feed intake in sheep. Recent studies have indicated that one of these neurotransmitters, NPY, can work in principal to improve appetite in endotoxin-treated sheep. Current studies are examining the role that MC4-R antagonists may have in the prevention or correction of body mass wasting diseases as well as practical applications in animal production.     

Ontogeny expression of ghrelin,neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin in blunt snout bream,Megalobrama amblycephala

Ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) all have important roles in the regulation of feeding in fish and mammals. To better understand the role of the three peptides in appetite regulation in the early developmental stages of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), partial cDNA sequences of ghrelin, NPY and CCK genes were cloned. And then, real‐time quantitative PCR and RT‐PCR were used to detect and quantify the mRNA expressions of these genes from zygotes to larvae of 50 days after hatching (DAH). Ghrelin, NPY and CCK were all expressed throughout the embryonic and larval development stages, and the expression levels were higher in larval stages than in embryonic stages. Ghrelin and NPY mRNA expressions were upregulated at 1, 3, 5 DAH, while CCK mRNA expression was reduced significantly at 3 DAH. The mRNA expression levels of three genes in larvae varied significantly until 30 DAH. In adult fish, all three peptides were detected to be expressed in brain and several peripheral tissues. Ghrelin mRNA was mainly expressed in the intestine, whereas NPY and CCK mRNAs were mainly expressed in the brain. Taken together, these results indicate that ghrelin, NPY and CCK may have roles in early development and participate in the regulation of feeding of larvae in blunt snout bream and will be helpful for further investigation into feed intake regulation in adults of this species.