“复方发酵黄连膏剂”治疗奶牛急性乳腺炎疗效观察

研究了"复方发酵黄连膏剂"对奶牛乳腺炎的临床治疗效果,结果表明,复方发酵黄连膏剂组的临床有效率和治愈率分别为100%、90.0%;环丙沙星组有效率和治愈率分别为92.5%、70.0%;青链霉素组有效率和治愈率分别为87.5%、52.5%。可以看出复方发酵黄连膏剂组有效率和治愈率明显高于环丙沙星组和青链霉素组,说明复方发酵黄连膏剂治疗奶牛乳腺炎效果明显。本试验为中药增效抗菌复方制剂防治奶牛乳腺炎的临床应用提供了科学依据。     

金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖的提取纯化及生物学特性研究

<正>金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)为环境常在菌,是人和动物的重要致病菌,是奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌之一。从患乳腺炎的奶牛乳汁中分离到的致病菌近一半是金黄色葡萄球菌,这些分离菌株中94%~100%含有荚膜多糖(Cp)[1]。金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖共有11种血清型,其中5型和8型荚膜多糖约占金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离菌株的     

中药复方治疗奶牛乳腺炎临床试验

从822头奶牛中筛选出65例临床型乳腺炎患牛进行试验,探讨中药对奶牛乳腺炎的治疗作用。将患牛随机分为2组,试验组奶牛用中药复方治疗,对照组用青霉素和链霉素治疗,观察临床效果。结果中药复方治疗患牛33例,治愈26例,治愈率为78.8%;对照组治疗32例,治愈27例,治愈率为84.3%。经统计学处理,用中药复方治疗奶牛乳房炎与常用抗生素的治疗效果基本相同,但成本较低、副作用较小。     

盐酸克林霉素对奶牛急性乳房炎病的疗效试验

对奶牛急性乳腺炎病原菌进行了分离和鉴定,鉴定出致病菌是金黄色葡萄球菌和B群无乳链球菌.用平皿二倍稀释法测定了克林霉素等12种药物对临床分离的16株金黄色葡萄球菌和10株无乳链球菌的MIC.结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌对克林霉素敏感.临床疗效试验结果表明,克林霉素组的治愈率与感染对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),克林霉素组治愈率、有效率与其它对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),表明克林霉素对奶牛乳腺炎病的治疗有很好的疗效.     

中药治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的试验观察

以确诊为临床型乳房炎的经产奶牛为对象,分别采用中药乳病康注射液和青、链霉素治疗。试验结果:用中药乳病康注射液共治疗临床型乳房炎奶牛112例,治愈93例,治愈率83.04%,好转13例,无效6例,总有效率94.64%;用青、链霉素共治疗97例,治愈71例,治愈率73.20%,好转13例,无效13例,总有效率86.60%。经检验,中药乳病康注射液对奶牛临床型乳房炎的治愈率、总有效率明显高于青、链霉素(P<0.05)。其中中药乳病康注射液对奶牛浆液性乳房炎、卡他性乳房炎的疗效明显超过青、链霉素(P<0.05);对化脓性乳房炎的疗效与青、链霉素相当(P>0.05)。结果表明:中药乳病康注射液对奶牛临床型乳房炎疗效确实,明显优于临床上常用的青、链霉素(P<0.05)。     

奶牛乳腺炎病原菌的分离及其药敏试验

在临床调查的基础上,采用普通琼脂培养分离临床型乳腺炎奶牛的病原菌,并用平板纸片法进行药物敏感试验,以确定农场奶牛临床型乳腺炎的致病菌种类及致病菌对不同抗生素的敏感性.结果发现,患临床型乳腺炎奶牛的主要致病菌是葡萄球菌和链球菌,有部分大肠杆菌;泰诺、氨苄青霉素钠、先锋9号和盐酸环丙沙星的抑菌效果较好.结合临床治疗效果观察发现,盐酸环丙沙星对乳腺炎的治疗效果最佳.     

乳酸环丙沙星治疗奶牛急性乳房炎的临床试验

为研究乳酸环丙沙星治疗奶牛乳房炎的效果及其与青链霉素、公英散治疗乳房炎的疗效比较,应用乳酸环丙沙星,以加味公英散、青链霉素为对照,对127例奶牛急性乳房炎乳区进行了临床治疗试验.乳酸环丙沙星（44例）、加味公英散（41例）和青链霉素（42例）治疗的总有效率分别为90.9%、70.7%和73.8%,总痊愈率各为77.3%、53.7%和54.8%.经统计学检验,乳酸环丙沙星治疗组和青链霉素治疗组与加味公英散治疗组之间差异显著.青链霉素治疗组与公英散治疗组之间无显著差异.三种治疗疗程接近,经统计学检验,各组之间无显著差异.临床观察表明,乳酸环丙沙星能很快消退乳房炎症状,且其病原菌转阴率高.乳酸环丙沙星临床疗效比青链霉素和加味公英散好,刺激性小,疗效稳定,值得推广.     

苏中地区规模化牧场奶牛乳腺炎病原菌鉴定及药物敏感性分析

从江苏省南通市大生源牧场、盐城市泰来神牧场及连云港市三元双宝牧场采集分析了12个月的奶牛乳样,通过分析3个牧场奶牛乳腺炎发病率的季节变化发现,冬季发病率普遍低于夏秋季。以2017年7月份南通市大生源牧场321头奶牛的乳样为例,采用奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)随机筛选出20头患有临床型乳腺炎的奶牛乳样,经过细菌分离纯化培养后采用PCR技术鉴定致病菌种类。结果显示:这20份乳样中共分离鉴定出枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、苏云金杆菌、微杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、格氏乳球菌、分支杆菌、大肠杆菌、气单胞菌、枸橼酸杆菌、不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌共13种细菌,其中以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枸橼酸杆菌、不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染为主;此外,奶牛大都感染了3种及以上致病菌,说明奶牛乳腺炎以多种致病菌混合感染为主。选用6种抗生素药物组合对混合乳样致病菌进行药敏试验,结果显示氨苄西林钠、青霉素钾、硫酸链霉素共同处理组体外抑菌效果最好,为苏中地区大生源牧场奶牛乳腺炎防治提供一定的理论基础。     

张家口地区奶牛临床型乳腺炎病原菌的分离鉴定

采集具有临床型乳腺炎奶牛的奶样,经细菌的分离培养、纯培养和生化试验,以确定奶牛临床型乳腺炎的致病菌种类。结果发现患临床型乳腺炎奶牛的致病菌和占分离菌株的百分率为:腐生葡萄球菌19.7%、金黄色葡萄球菌16.5%、兽疫链球菌17.3%、停乳链球菌9.4%、乳房链球菌3.9%、无乳链球菌1.6%、产气肠杆菌17.3%、聚团肠杆菌4.7%、奇异变形杆菌3.0%、大肠杆菌3.0%、蜡样芽胞杆菌3.0%,样品中单纯感染与混合感染的百分率分别为66.0%和27.8%。     

应用中药治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的研究初报

作者应用复方蒲公英煎剂内服治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎55例,同时应用青、链霉素乳室内注入治疗临床型乳房炎22例作比较。两种方法的临床治愈率分别达81.82%、75%,总有效率分别为87.27%、91.67%,平均治疗次数分别为4.96次、4.59次。这77例临床型乳房炎主要致病菌有无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌。复方蒲公英煎剂的制法:取蒲公英     

复合植物提取物对奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群的影响

[目的] 研究饲粮中添加蒲公英、益母草、金银花和连翘4种植物的乙醇提取物对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群的影响。[方法] 采用完全随机试验设计,将24头泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组12头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3%/（头·d）复合植物提取物。试验期共75 d,预试期15 d,正试期60 d。于试验正式期第60天通过口腔采集奶牛瘤胃液,提取瘤胃液样品总DNA,利用16S rDNA序列分析技术研究饲粮中添加复合植物提取物对奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群的影响。[结果] 对照组与试验组的瘤胃微生物在OTU水平上可相互分离。试验组奶牛瘤胃细菌的α多样性指数与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。添加复合植物提取物改变奶牛瘤胃中17个细菌菌门相对丰度,但试验组与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）;在门水平上,2组的拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）在总菌群中占比最高;在属水平上,试验组瘤胃细菌相对丰度与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）,2组优势菌属均为普雷沃菌属1（Prevotella 1）。通过LEFse分析发现,与对照组相比,试验组奶牛瘤胃中的拟杆菌目（Bacteroidales）相对丰度显著（P<0.05）降低,而双歧杆菌科（Bifidobacteriaceae）的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）增加。[结论] 在泌乳期奶牛饲粮中添加0.3%的蒲公英、益母草、金银花和连翘复合提取物具有调节瘤胃菌群的作用。     

水杨酸治疗奶牛蹄皮炎效果评价

目的探讨水杨酸治疗奶牛蹄皮炎的效果。方法选取45只蹄皮炎患病奶牛,对其进行随机分组,其中,5只为阴性对照组,不给予治疗措施;20只为抗菌药物对照组,给予林可霉素进行治疗;20只为水杨酸治疗组,给予40%水杨酸软膏。分别于给药第0、3、14、30天对奶牛进行跛行评分与皮肤疼痛评分并记录结果,对治疗效果进行评价。结果在给药第3天时,抗菌药物对照组和水杨酸治疗组都没有出现痊愈的病例,经过治疗后跛行程度明显减轻。给药第14天时,水杨酸治疗组的治愈率为45%,明显高于抗菌药物对照组（25%）;治疗有效率为75%,高于抗菌药物对照组（60%）。给药第30天时,水杨酸治疗组的有效率为65%,高于抗菌药物对照组（55%）。结论水杨酸临床治疗效果较好,可以作为治疗奶牛蹄皮炎的药物使用。     

Sensitivity to various antibiotics of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from samples of milk from Dutch dairy cattle

During recent years the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in milk samples from Dutch dairy cows has increased. In 1999 16.2% of the bacteria isolated from milk collected from cows with subclinical mastitis were coagulase-negative staphylococci. In 2004 this proportion was 42.2%. The proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci of the bacteria isolated from milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis was 7.3% in 1999 and 14.1% in 2004. In this study, the susceptibility of 108 coagulase-negative staphylococci to oxacillin, cefquinome, streptomycin, neomycin, penicillin, and the combination of nafcillin, penicillin, and streptomycin was tested. The isolates were cultured from milk collected from cows with mastitis and typed using the Api-Staph system. Eight species were identified. Staphylococcus chromogenes was the predominant species (41.7%), followed by Staphylococcus xylosus (15.7%) and Staphylococcus simulans (10.2%). With the agar dilution method all strains proved to be sensitive to cefquinome and 90% to oxacillin. Three isolates (2.8%) were mecA-positive. Despite the agar dilution results, these three isolates should be considered resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, penicillins combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor and all generations of cephalosporins). In the agar diffusion test, all isolates proved to be sensitive to the combination of nafcillin-penicillin-streptomycin, 99% were sensitive to neomycin and 1% intermediate sensitive, and 95% were sensitive to streptomycin, 4% resistant, and 1% intermediate sensitive. The coagulase-negative staphylococci were highly resistant to penicillin (37.4%), although the level of resistance varied between species, from 0% for Staphylococcus simulans to 100% for Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Because coagulase-negative staphylococci are resistant to several antibiotics, sensitivity testing is important for targeted treatment of mastitis.     

Prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in bovine mastitis in Zimbabwe

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9%) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2%) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95% of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9%), S. epidermidis (7.4%) and S. hominis (5.9%). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90% of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6%), followed by lincomycin (13.7%). About 8% of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin.     

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Dairy Cow Mastitis in Liaoning and Drug Sensibility Test of Pathogenic E.coli

In order to understand the main bacterial pathogen species causing dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning, as well as the characteristics of drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli,the milk samples from 75 dairy cows with clinical manifestations for mastitis in certain large-scale dairy farm in Liaoning were collected.The bacteria in milk were cultured and isolated with biochemical methods and in vitro drug sensitivity tests were processed with the isolated E.coli strains.The results showed that the main bacterial pathogen for dairy cow mastitis were E.coli（separation rate 58.7%),S.aureus（64.0%）and S.agalactiae（54.7%),and multiple infection including double and triple infection were identified.The drug sensitivity tests on the isolated E.coli indicated that the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to sulfonamides（resistance rate>85%）and chloramphenicol（resistance rate>30%),and they were relatively low resistant to ampicillin（9.5%),ciprofloxacin（9.5%),ceftiofur（7.1%）and ofloxacin（4.8%).The results was able to provide reliable theoretical basis for prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning area.     

辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎细菌性病原分离鉴定及大肠杆菌药敏试验

为了掌握辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎主要细菌性病原种类及致奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌药物敏感性特征,本研究选取辽宁地区某大型奶牛场75头临床表现为乳房炎的奶样进行细菌培养与分离,通过生化方法对分离到的细菌进行鉴定,并对分离到的奶牛源大肠杆菌进行体外药物敏感性试验研究。结果发现,该场奶牛乳房炎细菌性病原主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌,其检出率分别为58.7%、64.0%和54.7%,存在二重感染和三重感染等混合感染的情况。大肠杆菌药物敏感性试验结果表明,该场分离株对磺胺类药物（耐药率>85%）及氯霉素类药物（耐药率>30%）耐药性较高,对氨苄西林（9.5%）、环丙沙星（9.5%）、头孢噻呋（7.1%）和氧氟沙星（4.8%）比较敏感。上述研究结果为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。     

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟传统奶油制品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

对采集自内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗的2份传统奶油制品进行了乳酸菌的分离鉴定,经过氧化氢酶试验、革兰染色和16S rDNA分子鉴定,共分离15株乳酸菌,被鉴定为1个属4个种,分别为1株类布氏乳杆菌、3株植物乳杆菌、4株短乳杆菌和7株副干酪乳杆菌。该研究拟为内蒙古传统乳制品的工业化生产及优良发酵剂的研发提供理论基础和菌种资源。     

新疆石河子地区某规模化奶牛场乳房炎患病率调查

对新疆石河子地区某规模化奶牛场的712 头澳系荷斯坦泌乳牛进行乳房炎患病率调查。调查结果显示,40 头奶牛患临床型乳房炎,患病率为5.62%。从剩余的未表现出临床乳房炎症状的672 头奶牛中随机选出180 头奶牛,共682 个乳区（720 个乳区中有38 个瞎乳头）,分别进行兰州乳房炎检测（LMT）和乳样体细胞数（SCC）检测。经LMT诊断发现,180 头奶牛中有56 头患隐性乳房炎,患病率为31.11%;经SCC检测发现,180 头奶牛中有60 头患隐性乳房炎,患病率为33.33%。数据分析发现：各乳区患乳房炎阳性率差异不显著（P>0.05）,说明各乳区阳性率之间没有必然规律;6岁以上奶牛的乳房炎患病率与2~3岁、4~5岁的患病率相比差异显著（P<0.05）,说明6岁及以上奶牛乳房炎的患病率要高于2~3岁、4~5岁奶牛;6胎及以上的奶牛乳房炎患病率与其他胎次之间差异极显著（P<0.01）,说明6胎及以上奶牛的乳房炎患病率要远高于1胎、2胎、3胎、4胎、5胎奶牛。     

某新建大型奶牛场临床乳房炎病原菌分离及发病规律

对我国南方地区某新建大型奶牛场2010年10月至2012年7月间头胎及二胎共2006头荷斯坦牛临床乳房炎发病情况进行调查,结合病原菌感染类型结果,用x^2检验分析不同胎次临床乳房炎发病次数和发病率及不同致病菌导致的临床乳房炎在不同季节和泌乳阶段发病率的差异。结果表明,该牛场一胎和二胎奶牛临床乳房炎发病率分别为11．81％和9．02％（按头数算）,但二胎牛多次发生临床乳房炎的比例较大。一胎奶牛仅发现大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌单独感染及葡萄球菌一大肠杆菌混合感染3种病原菌组成类型,二胎奶牛比头胎牛增加了金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和链球菌一葡萄球菌混合感染4种类型。致病菌类型以大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌单独感染为主,一、二胎奶牛均占总发病数85％以上;季节和泌乳阶段对一、二胎奶牛临床乳房炎发病率具有显著影响（P〈0．05）,一胎牛秋季发病率最高,而春季发病率最低,而二胎牛冬季发病率最高（33．33％）,秋季最低（16．88％）;2个胎次奶牛泌乳早期临床乳房炎发病率明显高于其他阶段。大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌在整个泌乳期均可发生,酵母菌主要出现在二胎牛泌乳中期,平均感染时间分别为（148．75±69．60）d,而金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌主要发生在二胎牛泌乳后期,平均感染时间分别为（213．60±55．88）和（234．43±42．35）d。结果对该地区同类型奶牛场临床乳房炎防控有重要的参考价值。