一株牛源A型多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

对重庆市某牛场运输后的牛的鼻拭子进行病原分离,对其进行培养形态及染色、动物致病性情况观察及16SrRNA序列分析,初步鉴定为牛多杀性巴氏杆菌(PM)。利用PM种特异性引物及荚膜血清特异性引物进行PCR扩增,均得到目的基因条带。由此确定分离菌株为牛荚膜A型巴氏杆菌。     

犊牛肺炎多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清型和基因型的研究

从石河子及附近地区规模化牛场死于肺炎的犊牛肺脏中共分离8株多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida,Pm),为了确定分离菌株的血清型和基因型,分别进行了多重荚膜特异基因PCR检测、脂多糖多重PCR(LPS-m PCR)分型和多位点序列分型(MLST)鉴定和分析。结果显示8株分离菌中,7株为荚膜A型,1株为荚膜B型;LPS-m PCR结果显示其中7株菌为L2,1株为L3基因型;MLST技术将8株细菌中的7株分为ST1型,1株分为ST44型,且两者亲缘关系较近。结果表明8株Pm以荚膜血清A型为主,根据LPS基因特异性将其分为2个基因型,基于管家基因的MLST将8株Pm分为两种ST型。     

犊牛肺炎多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

新疆石河子6个规模化奶牛场相继出现出生1～9周龄的犊牛发生体温升高、呼吸困难以肺部感染为主,部分犊牛发生腹泻的疾病,造成90余头犊牛因肺炎死亡.从其中2个发病牛场死亡犊牛采集痛料,经涂片镜检、细菌分离培养、生化鉴定及动物试验,初步鉴定为多杀性巴氏杆菌,分别命名为Pm142-x-3、Pm142-x-4、Pm149-xby、Pm149-x,参考多杀性巴氏杆菌种特异性基因kmtl和荚膜血清型特异性基因hyaD-hyaC、bcbD、dcbF、ecbJ和fcbD序列,合成引物,进行PCR扩增.选取Pm149-x-3的目标PCR产物进行序列测定并分析比较,结果表明,Pm149-x-3的kmtl基因片段全长为460 bp,与GenBank中各血清型kmtl基因核苷酸同源性为99.4%;荚膜血清型A菌株特异性基因核苷酸同源性为97%;而扩增其他荚膜血清型B、D、E、F的型特异性基因均未获得目的条带.由此确认,分离的4株多杀性巴氏杆菌均为荚膜血清A型.药敏试验表明分离的多杀性巴氏杆菌对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素敏感.     

猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及其荚膜血清型鉴定

从病死母猪肺脏中分离到一株革兰氏阴性小杆菌,用生理生化鉴定、药敏试验、致病性试验和PCR鉴定方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,并用多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜分型引物对分离株的荚膜血清型进行鉴定。结果表明:本菌为猪多杀性巴氏杆菌,对多种抗生素高度敏感,对小白鼠有强致病性;PCR扩增16SrDNA基因获得1415bp片段,分离株的16SrDNA核苷酸序列与多杀性巴氏杆菌(AY078999)的同源性为99%,因此该分离菌株被鉴定为致病性巴氏杆菌,命名为YN20110122株;本菌分离株为荚膜A型血清型多杀性巴氏杆菌。     

野生草食动物源8株多杀性巴氏杆菌的PCR鉴定和分型

从表现出血性败血症临床症状的斑马、白唇鹿、黑鹿和长颈鹿中分离出8株多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurellamuhtocida,Pm）,采用Pm种特异性的KMT1/KMT2引物分别与荚膜血清群特异性的Cap A1/Cap A2、Cap B1/CapB2、Cap D1/Cap D2引物组合来鉴定分离到的菌株,并与间接血凝试验及金黄色葡萄球菌抑制试验的结果相比较,证实PCR鉴定方法与传统的生化反应鉴定结果完全一致。荚膜PCR分型结果与间接血凝试验金黄色葡萄球菌抑制试验结果完全一致,这说明多重PCR方法可用于多杀性巴氏杆菌菌种及荚膜血清型的鉴定,我国野生草食动物多杀性巴氏杆菌病中存在多个荚膜血清型。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及oppA基因遗传进化分析

【目的】了解福建省猪场猪多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida,Pm）的流行及oppA基因遗传进化情况。【方法】本研究采用细菌分离培养、生化试验、16S rRNA PCR扩增测序、PCR荚膜分型、oppA基因克隆及相似性分析、动物回归试验等方法对分离菌株进行鉴定和分析。【结果】本研究共分离到10株菌,分离菌在血平板上形成淡灰白色、湿润光滑、奶油露珠状菌落;分离菌株能酵解蔗糖、果糖、麦芽糖和甘露醇,不能分解葡萄糖、枸橼酸盐、乳糖、硫化氢等,与多杀性巴氏杆菌生化特性基本一致;分离菌株16S rRNA序列与GenBank中登录的多杀性巴氏杆菌相似性达99.9%以上,10株分离菌均为多杀性巴氏杆菌;PCR荚膜分型显示,6株分离菌为荚膜A型,4株为荚膜D型;基于oppA基因的遗传进化树显示,10株分离菌均位于同一分支内;动物回归试验结果显示,在24 h内攻毒小鼠死亡率较高（21/30）,分离菌有较强的致病力。【结论】福建省猪场猪多杀性巴氏杆菌流行菌株的荚膜血清型主要是A和D型,且大部分菌株都来源于共同的祖先,本研究结果丰富了猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的流行病学资料,并为该病的防控奠定基础。     

禽霍乱巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及基因分型

为确定疑似禽霍乱病例病原种类及其病原基因型,本研究采用细菌分离技术对病原菌进行实验室分离培养,应用传统方法和分子生物学方法对分离细菌进行鉴定,并应用PCR扩增和基因序列分析对分离细菌进行基因分型。结果显示,分离菌具有多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida,Pm）典型培养特征,菌落形态和菌体染色特征、生理生化特性均与多杀性巴氏杆菌相符;PCR扩增到457 bp的基因片段。采用5对分型引物对分离菌进行基因分型显示,仅有A型引物扩增到大小1 050 bp的目的基因片段,序列分析也显示分离菌荚膜基因与A型多杀性巴氏杆菌参考菌株荚膜特异性基因同源性高达97.6%~100.0%,系统进化与A型多杀性巴氏杆菌处于同一进化分支。结果表明,疑似禽霍乱病例病原为A型多杀性巴氏杆菌,本研究结果将为禽霍乱的防控提供参考资料。     

牛荚膜血清A型巴氏杆菌病的分子流行病学调查

本研究针对多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)特异性基因kmt1,进化保守基因16S rRNA基因,以及荚膜血清型A、B、D、E和F型对应的荚膜生物合成基因hayD-hayC、bcbD、dcbF、ecbJ和fcbD,设计特异性PCR扩增引物,采用PCR方法扩增相应基因和进行序列测定,并对分离菌株进行分子鉴定和同源性分析。结果显示,来自不同地区的分离菌株均含有Pm种特异性基因kmt1、A型荚膜生物合成基因hayD-hayC和16S rRNA基因。不同地区的分离株,kmt1基因的同源性为100%;A型荚膜生物合成基因hayD-hayC同源性大于99.9%;与国外牛源分离株的hayD-hayC基因的同源性大于98%;不同地区分离株的16S rRNA基因的同源性为100%,而与英国牛源分离株Pm338的16S rRNA基因的同源性高达99.93%。这些结果表明,在我国6个省市流行的牛出血性败血症由同一来源的荚膜血清A型多杀性巴氏杆菌所致,与英国牛源A型分离株Pm338具有共同的进化来源。     

呼伦贝尔市首例羊源荚膜D群多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

为了确定呼伦贝尔市两个羊场的羊只出现体温升高、精神沉郁、食欲废绝、咳嗽、腹泻甚至死亡病因,本研究以病羊病变组织为研究对象,采用常规细菌培养法和多杀性巴氏杆菌种特异性基因KMT1引物以及cap A、cap B、cap D、cap E、cap F荚膜血清型特异性基因引物进行双重PCR扩增,确定分离菌的荚膜血清型,同时应用纸片扩散法对分离菌进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示:从病变的肺组织中分离到1株菌落为灰白色、露珠状、不溶血,革兰氏染色阴性球状短杆菌;通过序列比对及遗传进化树分析,该分离株与印度分离株巴氏杆菌同源性高达100%;本研究只扩增出多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清D群;分离菌株对青霉素、复方新诺明、克林霉素等耐药,对诺氟沙星、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等药物已不敏感。本研究结果表明,我们首次从呼伦贝尔市病羊体内分离到荚膜血清D群多杀性巴氏杆菌。     

牛源荚膜血清A型多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定

从采集于黑龙江、天津的病牛肺组织中分离到2株病原菌,经菌落形态学观察、培养特性、生化反应和小鼠毒力试验,初步鉴定为多杀性巴氏杆菌,分别命名为Pm-HLJ和Pm-TJ.参考多杀性巴氏杆菌种特异性基因kmt1和荚膜血清型特异性基因hyaD-hyaC、bcbD、dcbF、ecbJ和fcbD,合成引物,通过多重PCR扩增2株菌的种特异性基因和荚膜血清型特异性基因.选取Pm-HLJ的目标PCR产物进行克隆、序列测定、Blast搜索同源序列并且比较分析.结果显示,Pm-HLJ的kmt1基因片段全长460 bp,与GenBank中各血清型kmt1基因同源性均在96.6%以上;荚膜血清型A菌株特异性基因同源性为99.9%;而与其他荚膜血清型B、D、E、F的型特异性基因的同源性均低于50%.由此确认,分离的2株多杀性巴氏杆菌均为荚膜血清A型,这是我国A型多杀性巴氏杆菌引发牛出血性败血症的首例报道.     

Evaluation of a high-throughput nucleic acid extraction method for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine fecal samples by PCR

Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis) is an economically important disease of cattle worldwide. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a fastidious gram-positive bacterium. PCR is increasingly used in diagnostic laboratories for the detection of MAP in fecal samples given the rapid test turnaround time and sensitivity and specificity comparable to fecal culture. However, efficient extraction of DNA for sensitive detection of MAP by PCR is affected by the complex lipid-rich cell wall of MAP and the presence of PCR inhibitors in feces. We evaluated a high-throughput nucleic acid extraction method (MagMAX core nucleic acid purification kit with mechanical lysis module) in conjunction with an hspX gene PCR for the detection of MAP from bovine fecal samples, which resulted in correct identification of all negative (13 of 13) and positive (35 of 35) proficiency test samples obtained from the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. In addition, all 6 negative and 50 of 51 positive diagnostic specimens tested were categorized correctly.     

呼和浩特地区奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

本试验对113份奶牛隐性乳房炎奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性评估及药敏试验。共分离到3大类5种91株细菌，其中金黄色葡萄球菌72株，溶血葡萄球菌8株，表皮葡萄球菌6株；停乳链球菌1株；大肠杆菌2株，沙雷氏菌1株，克雷伯氏菌1株。经过绵羊血溶血试验及小白鼠动物试验，确定部分菌株为致病菌。8类18种药物的药敏试验结果表明，金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌均对四环素、氯霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素等药物高度敏感；链球菌对洁霉素、红霉素、氯霉素、喹诺酮类以及庆大霉素等均高度敏感，肠杆菌对新霉素、磺胺、四环素、链霉素、丁胺卡那、庆大霉素、喹诺酮类等均高度敏感，而对临床上常用的青、链霉素等药物均产生了不同程度的耐药性。     

副猪嗜血杆菌流行病学调查及两株分离株耐药性和致病性分析

为了解山东地区副猪嗜血杆菌病的流行情况和流行菌株的生物学特性及致病性,将2016-2018年山东省12个地区送检的103个发病猪的病料进行细菌分离,并对疑似菌株进行形态学观察、PCR鉴定及血清型鉴定,对两株流行菌株进行了培养特性观察、生化特性鉴定、药敏试验及致病性研究。最终分离获得29株副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率为28.16%,其中血清型4型和5型最为流行,其次是1型和12型。该病多发于春秋两季,31~50日龄的仔猪感染率最高。两株流行菌株LZ株和LC株均对青霉素类、头孢类等药物高度敏感,LZ株对庆大霉素、卡那霉素等中度敏感,对林可霉素、链霉素不敏感,LC株对庆大霉素、林可霉素等中度敏感,对卡那霉素、链霉素不敏感;生化特性试验结果显示,LC株和LZ株的硝酸盐还原试验、接触酶试验、葡萄糖发酵试验以及果糖发酵试验的结果均为阳性,吲哚试验、氧化酶试验、甘露醇发酵试验的结果均为阴性;动物致病性试验表明LZ株和LC株均具有较强的毒力,最小发病剂量分别为4.5×10^9 CFU和6.0×10^9 CFU。该研究为副猪嗜血杆菌病的防治提供了重要的参考依据。     

母猪子宫内膜炎致病菌药敏试验及临床治疗

母猪子宫内膜炎致病分离菌药敏试验结果显示,头孢噻呋、林可霉素对大肠埃希菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌均为高度敏感;红霉素、链霉素、土霉素对以上3种细菌均为低敏感。根据药敏试验结果,将南平市某种猪场90头子宫内膜炎病猪进行分组治疗试验。将90头母猪随机分成3组,每组30头母猪,治疗组A,用药敏试验敏感药物头孢噻呋进行治疗;治疗组B,用药敏试验敏感药物林可霉素进行治疗;治疗组C,用青霉素、链霉素治疗做为治疗对照组;另外选择30头健康母猪做为健康对照组。治疗试验显示,母猪子宫内膜炎用敏感药物治疗有效,且治愈后的母猪受胎率、产仔数不受影响。     

兔奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解拉萨市一种兔场种兔腹泻死亡的病因,本试验从一只种兔的肠道内容物中分离出一株细菌,通过革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S rRNA PCR扩增和序列比对、动物回归试验及药敏试验进行了分析。结果显示,分离菌株为单个或成对的短杆状的革兰氏阴性菌;分离菌与GenBank中奇异变形杆菌的同源性为73.5%～99.8%,采用Mega 7.0软件将分离菌株与11株参考菌株的16S rRNA序列进行同源性比对分析,并构建系统进化树,综合分析后确定分离菌株为奇异变形杆菌,命名为T2018。在动物回归试验中有3只试验兔出现了腹泻,但均未死亡,剖检结果显示,空肠、回肠肠壁薄而透明,内有半透明胶冻样物;结肠和盲肠黏膜充血,浆膜上有出血斑点。药敏试验显示,分离菌株仅对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、庆大霉素和喹诺酮类的氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星5种抗菌药表现出高度敏感,对哌拉西林表现为中介,对其他24种抗生素均表现为耐药。上述结果表明该种兔场种兔腹泻死亡的病原为奇异变形杆菌。     

猪伪狂犬病毒DQ株的分离鉴定和生物学特性的研究

从黑龙江大庆某猪场采集流产死亡的仔猪大脑、扁桃体等病料组织接种BHK-21细胞,分离到1株病毒,经PCR检测、直接荧光法检测,血清中和试验,证实分离到的病毒为伪狂犬病毒,命名为PRV DQ株,该病毒经克隆纯化后测得其毒价为108.36TCID50/ml,对热、胰蛋白酶、氯仿、乙醚敏感,15日龄哺乳仔猪接种该分离株后发病死亡。     

A simple, rapid syncytial-inhibition test for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus.

Cocultivation of equal numbers of cells from a fetal lamb kidney line infected with bovine leukemia virus and African green monkey (Vero) cells results in the rapid production of syncytia. The effect was blocked or inhibited by serum containing antibodies to bovine leukemia virus. A serological test based on syncytial inhibition was compared to the agar gel immunodiffusion test and the modified direct complement fixation test for the detection of bovine leukemia virus antibodies in sera from leukosis-free cattle, cases of adult enzootic bovine lymphosarcoma and cattle from herds in contact with enzootic lymphosarcoma. The results showed the syncytial inhibition test to react positively with sera from all cases of adult enzootic lymphosarcoma, but to be much less sensitive than the other tests in detecting bovine leukemia virus antibodies in sera of exposed animals.     

Indirect hemagglutination test in equine infectious anemia.

An indirect hemagglutination was developed for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia using sheep red blood cells coated with group specific virus antigen which had been highly purified by affinity chromatography. The presence of indirect hemagglutination antibodies was demonstrated in horses with equine infectious anemia since the cells were specifically agglutinated by all the serum samples obtained from experimentally infected horses. Antibodies appeared within 35 days after inoculation, and development of which coincided well with that of precipitating and complement fixing antibodies. Titer of indirect hemagglutination antibodies were ten to 320 times greater than those of precipitating antibodies. Test results could be read more clearly by the indirect hemagglutination test especially in weakly positive cases. Ninety-six samples from suspected field cases collected from every region of Japan which were positive on the immunodiffusion test were also positive on indirect hemagglutination test. Serum samples from 420 horses in one race track were examined by both the indirect hemagglutination and immunodiffusion tests to determine the reliability of the indirect hemagglutination test for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. The same result was obtained on both tests. Based on this evidence, the indirect hemagglutination test can be employed as a very sensitive serological test for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia.     

The diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis

This paper reviews the clinical and virological diagnostic procedures for enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). The clinical diagnosis must be always confirmed by a specific laboratory test for Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV). Many virological tests were proposed. The sensitivity of all the diagnostic methods is sufficient to do an early detection of a BLV infection on an individual base. Advantages of the highly sensitive methods like RIA and ELISA appear when the samples to be tested have naturally very low antibody titers (individual milk, bulk milk, pooled sera).     

Detection of duck plague virus by reverse passive hemagglutination test

A reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) test was developed to detect duck plague virus (DPV). The technique used sheep erythrocytes stabilized with formaldehyde and pyruvaldehyde and coated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing anti-DPV antibody prepared from antiserum produced in sheep. Optimum coating of stabilized erythrocytes occurred at 25 C and pH 4.0 with a concentration of IgG of 20-40 micrograms/ml and a 90-min incubation period. The coated cells were stable for 40 days when stored at 4 C or for at least 4 months (the longest period tested) when frozen at -70 C or -196 C. The RPHA test was conducted at 25 C and read after 3 hours. The high specificity of the test is indicated by the absence of cross-reactions with heterologous virus strains, with specimens prepared from normal duck livers, and with normal chicken embryo chorioallantoic fluid, as well as by the inhibition of hemagglutination only with DPV antiserum. The RPHA test detected six strains of DPV in all virus-containing specimens as well as the immunofluorescence (IF) test did; however, conventional plaque assays (PA) failed to detect virus in five specimens that contained three non-plaque-forming strains of DPV. The mean quantity of DPV that could be detected in the RPHA test was 25 plaque-forming units or 65 fluorescent units per ml. Although the RPHA test was less sensitive than either the PA or the IF test, there was a positive correlation in the titers of DPV antigens between all three tests. The RPHA test is a rapid, simple procedure that is sufficiently sensitive for diagnostic detection of DPV in acute infections, especially in tissues of ducks dying of the disease.