2007-2009年东莞市屠宰猪体内猪链球菌2型带菌情况调查及分析

猪链球菌2型（Streptococcus suis type2,SS2）是一种重要的人兽共患病病原菌。它不仅可以引起猪的脑膜炎、关节炎、心内膜炎、肺炎、败血症和突然死亡,而且可以感染相关从业人员,并导致死亡。1991年我国广东省首次分离到猪链球菌2型,此后全国各地陆续分离到该细菌。     

猪链球菌2型仔猪感染动物模型的建立及免疫保护试验

采用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)弱毒与猪链球菌2型协同感染仔猪的方式,建立动物感染模型,结果协同感染组试验仔猪均死亡,PRRS弱毒、猪链球菌攻毒组及空白对照组仔猪均存活.结果表明,PRRS弱毒可增强猪链球菌2型对猪的易感性.将建立的动物感染模型用于猪链球菌灭活苗(马链球菌兽疫亚种 猪链球菌2型)的效力检验,结果灭活苗可以保护PRRSV与链球菌的协同感染.     

广西猪链球菌2型药物防治及疫苗保护试验

用广西猪链球菌2型强毒株GX01、GX02分别以菌量1.92×108CFU及2.80×109CFU接种猪链球菌2型商品疫苗免疫猪、北里霉素预防猪及对照猪进行药物防治及疫苗保护试验。结果对照猪72h内全部死亡,从死亡猪分离到的细菌应用建立的3重PCR检测方法检测及序列分离证实为GX01、GX02;而疫苗免疫猪、北里霉素预防猪攻毒15d后仍存活,经活体采扁桃体分离、检测,猪链球菌2型阴性。猪链球菌2型商品疫苗及北里霉素对广西猪链球菌2型强毒株具有很好的预防效果。     

猪链球菌2型的分离鉴定及致病性试验

从全国部分猪场采集疑似猪链球菌感染病例脑样品20份进行细菌分离,成功分离到10株细菌,通过猪链球菌及血清类型鉴定,最终确定其中一株为2型猪链球菌。应用猪链球菌7种主要毒力因子特异性基因扩增检测方法检测所分离到的2型猪链球菌的毒力因子分布情况,并应用小鼠攻毒试验对其致病性进行观察研究。结果表明:分离的2型猪链球菌具备7种毒力因子;动物试验表明SS2能引起小鼠的急性败血症及脑膜炎;细菌回归试验结果表明,试验组死亡小鼠的脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏均有细菌定植,且能分离出攻毒菌。此分离菌株的研究为研制2型猪链球菌病疫苗奠定了基础。     

致病性猪链球菌2型的病原分离鉴定及毒力因子的PCR检测

通过对广西某猪场急性死亡的猪进行病原分离,分离到革兰氏阳性球菌,用链球菌快速鉴定试剂条Rapid ID 32 Strep鉴定为猪链球菌2型;并对分离菌进行猪链球菌2型荚膜多糖抗原（cps2J）及其重要毒力因子溶菌酶释放蛋白（MRP）、细胞外蛋白因子（EF）和溶血素（SLY）的多重PCR检测,同时对cps2J基因进行序列测定,与GenBank发表的猪链球菌2型相比,同源性为98.8%,毒力因子MRP、EF和SLY检测均为阳性,证实广西某猪场急性死亡的猪为高毒力猪链球菌2型感染所致。动物试验中,该菌可引起小白鼠部分死亡,家兔体温最高升至40.3℃,最后败血而死。     

猪链球菌2型感染普通仔猪模型的建立及其病理学观察

试验采用普通长白系仔猪建立猪链球菌2型动物模型,并进行详细的病理学观察。将8头仔猪随机分为试验组和对照组,用猪链球菌2型菌血静脉接种试验组,对照组接种生理盐水2 mL/头。攻毒猪5 d内全部死亡, 主要表现为脑膜炎、心外膜炎、关节炎和败血症等典型症状和病理变化,与自然感染情况相似。从感染死亡猪肺、脾、肝、心中均分离到与攻毒菌株相同的细菌。证明猪链球菌2型菌血静脉接种普通长白系仔猪可以复制出典型病例,成功建立了动物模型,对SS2致病性研究具有重要意义。     

一起脑炎型猪链球菌病的诊治

正猪链球菌病主要由C、D、E、L、S、R等群链球菌所引发的一种人兽共患的传染病,属国家规定二类动物疫病[1]。1998-1999年江苏暴发R群2型猪链球菌病,发病率及死亡率高达50%左右,导致数万头生猪死亡,损失惨重;2005年四川则暴发大规模人感染猪链球菌疫情,发病204例,死亡38例,危害严重[2]。上呼吸道、消化道和伤口是猪链球菌主要自然感染部位。猪链球菌疫情型别按危害严重程度依次为败血症型、脑炎型、关节炎型和淋巴结脓肿型等,以急性出血性败血症、神经症状、关节肿胀、化脓性淋巴结炎等为主要临床表现[1]。     

猪链球菌2型感染的临床特征和治疗效果分析

为了对猪链球菌2型感染的临床特征和治疗效果进行分析。笔者对感染2型猪链球菌的70头猪进行观察,分析其疾病表现特征和治疗效果。猪群发生2型猪链球菌感染主要集中在5-11月,其主要的临床表现为体温升高、嗜睡、精神萎靡、食欲下降、咳嗽、流鼻水等,严重甚至出现呼吸困难;临床类型为脑膜炎型、急性败血型、关节炎型以及化脓性淋巴结炎型。2型猪链球菌对多种抗菌药物的敏感度较高,但四环素除外,经过治疗后,猪群的治疗有效率为77.1%(54/70)。猪群感染2型猪链球菌以局灶性或败血性淋巴结化脓性病症等表现为主,在治疗时,化脓淋巴结炎型感染治疗效果较好,其他类型较差,其死亡率较高。     

从非法屠宰的猪肉中检出猪链球菌2型

从送检的非法屠宰的猪肉中分离到1株链球菌,结合其培养特性、生化特性、血清定型、PCR鉴定、动物实验等对其进行了鉴定。用国际通用的链球菌乳胶分型诊断液检测,结果表明其不属于链球菌兰氏分群的A～G群。但它凝集猪链球菌2型标准阳性血清,三重PCR扩增及测序结果表明其为猪链球菌2型。分离菌具有猪链球菌2型的CPS、MRP、EPF、SLY、ORF2五种主要毒力因子;将分离株人工静脉注射新西兰兔4只,均在12～24h均死亡,腹腔注射8只BALB/c小鼠后,3周内死亡5只,3只未死亡。     

猪链球菌病疫苗研究进展

猪链球菌病是由多种猪源链球菌所引起的猪的多种病症的总称。其病原包括C群马链球菌兽疫亚种（简称C群菌）、猪链球菌（主要有致病性较强的猪链球菌2型（简称SS2）、猪链球菌9型（简称SS9））以及D群和E群链球菌等。临床表现为急性死亡、急性败血症、脑膜炎、关节炎、心内膜炎、多发性浆膜炎、肺炎、母猪流产以及化脓性淋巴结炎、颊部或颈部脓肿等。近年来,猪链球菌病在我国呈现不断上升的趋势,不仅可以直接致病,而且是猪病混合感染和（或）继发感染的常见病原,     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。